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"Indonesia has just ratified the two most important international human rights covenants, namely, in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR). The implications of these ratifications are enormous, either for the government and other state's institutions or for the victims of human rights violation as well as human rights defenders. The two Covenants could become part of the effort of legal reform to improve human rights condition in Indonesia. the two Covenants are related with the history of the world organization, namely, the United Nations, in developing the what so called the international law, in this regard the international human rights law. The human rights law was developed as mechanisms, either Charter-based or Treaty-based. The main purposes of the Indonesian are to maintain peace and prevent violance."

"ynopsis...an important book...As in all his work, Finkelhor proceeds in a careful analytical way, sorting through explanations, advancing helpful classification systems and making good use of empirical evidence where it exists...[He is] a stimulating theorist and policy analyst. Finkelhor has challenged specialists in a way which will hopefully lead to productive and practically important scholarship. Northwest Institute for Children and Families ...a must read book. The Lancet"

"The rapid ratification of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (ICC) and the orderly election of its judges and prosecutor believe the radical nature of the new institution. Indonesia is one of countries that rejected the International Criminal Court (ICC) Statute. Indonesia?s reason at that time was that Indonesian sovereignty would be threatened or its national security would be compromise. Interestingly, some of the crimes within the Rome Statute jurisdiction (Article 5 of the Rome Statute) had been adopted by Indonesia in its domestic law such as the Law No. 26 year 2000 concerning Human Rights Court. Jurisdiction of the Law No. 26 year 2000 is and genocide and crimes against humanity. The Law No. 26 year 2000 also adopts the idea of Ad hoc tribunal that is possible to apply ex post facto justice. Finally, it plays important role in order to protect Indonesian interest and to fulfill international community point of views."

"What can the small Mt. Zion methodist church in rural Mississippi teach us about the American dilemma over race? Quite a lot, it turns out. Founded by reconstruction methodists in 1879, Mt. Zion would later endure decades of harsh control by the white supremacist state. Segregated by Jim Crow laws and attitudes, Mt. Zion was also separated from its parent religious body, the Methodist denomination, between 1939 and 1968, as white Methodists created the segregated Central Jurisdiction for its black members: the move appeared as church-mandated Jim Crow. Mt. Zion survived the attacks by the state, and the benign neglect of the Methodists, maintaining its belief in an inclusive society by hosting the civil rights workers of freedom summer, who planned a school for black voters at the church. The church was drawn into the Klan conspiracy that included the murder of the three civil rights workers, the burning of Mt. Zion, and the beating of some of its members. Instead of grieving, the members of Mt. Zion began an annual ceremony that commemorated the death of the three and their mission to advance black rights, especially voting. The commemorative service is now an integral part of state and local efforts to create something new in this very red state, an alternate Mississippi that is inclusive, modern, and open."

"Perkawinan paksa sebagai suatu bagian dari kejahatan terhadap kemanusiaan belum diatur dalam Statuta Roma. Dalam praktiknya, Mahkamah Pidana Internasional telah memutus perkawinan paksa sebagai kejahatan terhadap kemanusiaan berupa other inhumane acts dan menerapkan ketentuan-ketentuan yang terdapat dalam Statuta Roma untuk menuntut perkawinan paksa sebagai bagian dari kejahatan terhadap kemanusiaan. Berdasarkan hasil yurisprudensi di berbagai pengadilan internasional yang telah menangani terkait perkawinan paksa, penuntutan atas tindakan perkawinan paksa telah dilakukan dengan menerapkan ketentuan terkait tindakan-tindakan kejahatan terhadap kemanusiaan yang berbeda. Beberapa hasil putusan beranggapan bahwa perkawinan paksa lebih tepat untuk dituntut sebagai perbudakan seksual. Namun, dalam perkembangan terkini terkait penuntutan perkawinan paksa dalam kasus Prosecutor v. Dominic Ongwen, Mahkamah Pidana Internasional menyatakan bahwa perkawinan paksa dapat dituntut secara tersendiri di bawah Pasal 7(1)(k) terkait other inhumane acts. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat perlindungan hukum yang terdapat dalam Statuta Roma untuk menghukum tindakan perkawinan paksa dan meneliti terkait alasan hukum yang mendasari penentuan elements of crime dari perkawinan paksa sebagai suatu bagian dari kejahatan terhadap kemanusiaan, lalu bagaimana kasus Prosecutor v. Dominic Ongwen dapat menuntut perkawinan paksa secara tersendiri sebagai other inhumane acts. Hasil penelitian ini menemukan bahwa tindakan perkawinan paksa dan perbudakan seksual seringkali bersinggungan. Sebagaimana telah dinyatakan oleh majelis hakim dalam kasus Prosecutor v. Dominic Ongwen, perkawinan paksa pada umumnya terjadi dalam situasi yang juga mencakup perbudakan seksual. Namun, ketika pemaksaan status perkawinan mengakibatkan penderitaan yang melebihi dan berbeda dari perbudakan seksual, maka perkawinan paksa patut untuk dituntut secara tersendiri agar dapat mencakup keseluruhan tindakan, dampak yang diakibatkan, serta kepentingan yang dilindungi dari tindakan kejahatan yang dilakukan.

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Forced marriage as a crime against humanity has not been regulated in the Rome Statute. In practice, the Court has prosecuted forced marriage as the crime against humanity of an other inhumane act and adopted the existing provisions to prosecute forced marriage as a crime against humanity. The jurisprudence from various international courts dealing with forced marriage has adopted different provisions regarding the crime against humanity to prosecute forced marriage. Some considers that forced marriage is more adequately prosecuted as sexual slavery, but recent developments regarding forced marriage in the case of the Prosecutor v. Dominic Ongwen shows that the Court views forced marriage as a crime that needs to be charged separately under Article 7(1)(k) of the Rome Statute as an other inhumane act. Therefore, this study aims to determine the legal protections under the Rome Statute to protect victims from forced marriage and examine the judicial reasonings in determining the elements of crime of forced marriage as a crime against humanity, particularly in prosecuting forced marriage as a separate crime against humanity in the case of the Prosecutor v. Dominic Ongwen. The results of this study found that the act of forced marriage and sexual slavery often intersect and are not mutually exclusive. As stated by the Trial Chamber in the case of Prosecutor v. Dominic Ongwen, forced marriages generally occur in situations in which women are sexually enslaved. However, when the imposition of marital status results in suffering that goes beyond sexual slavery, forced marriage should be prosecuted separately to warrant full responsibility of the perpetrator and to adequately represent the conduct, ensuing harm, and protected interests from the crime committed."