Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"Tahanan dan Narapidana merupakan salah satu kelompok yang sering mengalami berbagai kekerasan, termasuk perlakuan yang merendahkan martabat, hukuman yang kejam dan tidak manusiawi bahkan penyiksaan. Tidak hanya di Indonesia tapi juga di berbagai negara. Situasi ini kemudian direspons Perserikatan Bangsa Bangsa dengan menetapkan sejumlah perjanjian internasional yang bertujuan memberikan jaminan keselamatan dan perlakuan yang layak serta perlindungan terhadap setiap orang dalam tahanan dan penjara. Termasuk larangan penyiksaan dalam Konvensi Anti Penyiksaan dan standar perlakuan yang disebut Nelson Madela Rules. Namun demikian, berbagai kekerasan dan penyiksaan masih sering terjadi, baik terhadap tahanan di kantor polisi maupun tahanan / narapidana di rumah tahanan dan lembaga pemasyarakatan. Tugas Karya Akhir ini menganalisis kekerasan, tindakan yang merendahkan martabat dan penyiksaan yang dilakukan petugas lapas narkotika Yogyakarta terhadap beberapa narapidana yang terjadi pada tahun 2021.TKA ini menggunakan sumber data sekunder yang berasal dari laporan Komisi Nasional Hak Asasi Manusia dan sejumlah artikel media massa. Penulis menggunakan pemikiran dalam teori kriminologi kritis dan menggunakan analisis isi dokumen. Hasil analisis menemukan bahwa kekerasan dan perlakuan yang merendahkan martabat yang dialami beberapa narapidana di lapas narkotika Yogyakarta merupakan penyiksaan dan ill treatment, yang mana tindakan ini merupakan kekerasan oleh negara.

---

Detainees and convicts are one of the groups that frequently experience various forms of violence, including degrading treatment, cruel and inhuman punishment, and even torture. This situation is not only prevalent in Indonesia but also in various other countries. In response to this, the United Nations has established several international agreements aimed at ensuring safety, proper treatment, and protection for everyone in custody and prisons. This includes the prohibition of torture in the Convention against Torture and the standards of treatment known as the Nelson Mandela Rules. However, despite these measures, various forms of violence and torture still occur, both against detainees in police custody and inmates in detention centers and prisons. This final project analyzes the violence, acts of degradation, and torture committed by officers at the narcotics prison in Yogyakarta against some inmates in 2021. The project utilizes secondary data sources from the reports of the National Commission on Human Rights and several mass media articles. The author employs critical criminology theory and document content analysis. The results of the analysis reveal that the violence and degrading treatment experienced by some inmates at the narcotics prison in Yogyakarta constitute torture and illtreatment, which are acts of state violence."

"Pengambilan kebijakan yang dinilai tidak berpihak kepada masyarakat menyebabkan masyarakat melakukan kritik kepada pemerintah melalui saluran aspirasi yang ada. Akan tetapi, terbatasnya ruang berpendapat dan berekspresi masyarakat pada masa pandemi menyebabkan munculnya mural-mural bernada kritik sosial terkait dengan penanganan pandemi. Namun, pemerintah merespons kritik tersebut dengan tindakan penghapusan terhadap mural serta ancaman kriminalisasi pembuatnya yang dapat dikatakan sebagai tindakan represif. Kemerdekaan menyampaikan pendapat di muka umum nyatanya menjadi hak warga negara yang dilindungi oleh Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia. Althusser kemudian menggunakan istilah Repressive State Apparatus untuk mengelompokkan aparat negara yang menjalankan tugasnya menggunakan tindakan represif. Penghapusan serta ancaman kriminalisasi ini kemudian dikatakan sebagai tindakan politics of exception yaitu tindakan framing dengan menggunakan peraturan istimewa terhadap aksi protes atau kritik sebagai sesuatu yang dapat mengganggu stabilitas negara terutama terkait dengan pandemic covid-19. Orang yang melakukan protes ini kemudian dianggap sebagai others yaitu orang yang tidak terlibat dalam partisipasi politik dan bermaksud untuk menghancurkan negara. Kriminologi kritis melihat fenomena pendefinisian arti terhadap mural secara sepihak ini sebagai salah satu cara agen penguasa membentuk sebuah realitas sosial kejahatan. Teori social reality of crime dari Richard Quinney kemudian menjelaskan bagaimana kejahatan merupakan pendefinisian terhadap perilaku seseorang yang diciptakan oleh penguasa. Unit analisis pada tulisan ini berfokus pada pewacanaan yang ada pada tindakan aparat negara dalam melakukan penghapusan mural serta ancaman kriminalisasi terhadap pembuatnya. Teknik analisis wacana Foucault digunakan untuk melihat pewacanaan pada tindakan ataupun ucapan dari aparat negara terkait dengan mural-mural kritik ini. Hasilnya, terdapat unsur-unsur represif di dalam tindakan aparat negara terhadap kasus mural ini. Selain itu, pewacanaan yang terjadi akibat tindakan tersebut menyebabkan negara terlihat anti-kritik, dan membatasi kebebasan berekspresi masyarakat.

---

The policy-making process that is considered not to prioritize the interests of the society during the COVID-19 pandemic has caused the public to criticize the government through criticism protected by law. However, the limited space for people to express their opinions and expressions during the pandemic has led to the emergence of murals containing social criticism related to the government’s handling of the pandemic. Yet, the government responded to this criticism mural by removing the mural and threatening of its maker by the state apparatus such as the police and satpol pp. Freedom to express oppinions in publis is actually a citizen’s right that is protected by the Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia. Althusser then created the term ‘Repressive State Apparatuses’ that categorize state apparatus that use repressive measures in carrying out their duties. The removal of murals and threat of criminalization of criticism can be said as politics of exception which is an act of framing against protests or criticism as something that can disrupt the stability of the country, especially related to the COVID-19 pandemic. People who protest then considered as ‘others’ that is people who are not involved in political participation and intend to disrupt the state. Critical criminology sees this phenomenon as one of the ways the agents of power shape the social reality of crime. The social reality of crime from Richard Quinney explains that crime is a definition of a person’s behavior that created by the authorities. The focus of analysis in this paper is on the discourse on the actions of the state apparatus in removing murals and threatens to criminalize murals. This paper used Foucault’s discourse analysis technique to see the existing discourse on actions and words of the state apparatus towards these criticism mural. As a result, there are repressive elements in the actions of the state apparatus against murals. Moreover, the discourse that occurs as a result of these actions causes the state to be seen as anti-criticism and limiting the freedom of expression of its citizens."

"ABSTRAKTugas karya akhir ini membahas mengenai kinerja Komisi Kejaksaan RI yang tidak efektif dari tahun 2015-2017 sebagai pemicu terjadinya kejahatan negara. Ketidakefektifan ini akan ditinjau menggunakan perspektif kriminologi kritis. Kriminologi kritis akan melihat negara sebagai kelompok yang berkuasa telah membuat aturan instrumental dan melakukan kejahatan. Berdasarkan laporan tahunan pengaduan masyarakat yang diterima oleh Komisi Kejaksaan terdapat 812 laporan pada tahun 2015, 1048 laporan tahun 2016 dan 878 laporan pada tahun 2017. Jumlah laporan pengaduan ini akan penulis analisis untuk melihat efektifitas dari kinerja Komisi Kejaksaan dalam mengawasi pelanggaran jaksa. Penulis akan menggunakan konsep crime triangle untuk menganalisis Komisi Kejaksaan yang memiliki pengawasan tidak mumpuni. Selain itu, penulis juga akan mengaitkan kinerja Komisi Kejaksaan dengan state crime yang berupa crime dan hubungannya dengan masyarakat sebagai korban kejahatan. Tugas karya akhir ini diharapkan dapat menjelaskan signifikansi kelemahan dari Komisi Kejaksaan yang mempengaruhi efektivitas dan kaitannya dengan state crime.

---

ABSTRACTThe task of this final paper discusses the performance of the Indonesian Prosecutors Office which was ineffective between 2015-2017 as a trigger for the occurrence of state crime. This ineffectiveness will be reviewed using a critical criminology perspective. Critical criminology will see the state as a ruling group making instrumental rules and committing crimes. Based on the annual report of publik complaints received by the Prosecutors Commission, there were 812 reports in 2015, 1048 reports in 2016, and 878 reports in 2017. The number of complaints reports will be analyzed by the author to see the effectiveness of the Prosecutors Commission in monitoring prosecutors violations. The author will use the Crime Triangle to analyze the Prosecutor's Commission that has inadequate supervision. In addition, the author will also link the performance of the Prosecutor's Commission to state crime in the form of crime of omission and its relationship with the society as victims of crime. The task of this final work is expected to explain the significance of the weaknesses of the Prosecutor's Commission that affect its effectiveness and relation to state crime."

"Talk about education, it can not be separated from education as a basic need of every human being. This has been a concern for all over the world. Seen from the declaration of human rights, article 26 as well as an important instrument of human rights, article 13 which emphasizes the right to education as a fundamental right for every human being, who shall be admitted to all people in the world and facilitated by the respective member governments. Indonesia as a country that actively participate in international activities, has contributed to ratify two international charter. From year to year education in Indonesia is felt more and more difficult to reach. Gross enrollment rate (GER) is the ratio of the number of students, regardless of age, who was the school at a certain level of education of the population age group in particular education level. Amid the still unequal access to education in Indonesia, the government issued a policy even more difficult for poor citizens to access the world of education policy or international school is still referred to as stubs international standard. At first glance, this looks like a policy of "promoting" education in Indonesia. However, when examined more deeply and see the fact that nearly 8 years of its implementation this would cause many new problems. In formulating a policy the government should really study much more in what and how these policies can be done later. In formulating a policy the government should really study much more in what and how these policies can be done later. It is therefore something that is important review the concept of this international school policy, and critiquing where the mistake of thinking the government in formulating policies of this international school. Including a review of the law on pre-existing education that should be the basis in the formulation of education policy. And based on the view that critical criminology is always suspicious of the possibility of marginalization and discrimination in state policies.In addition, based on the facts that there is important also to see how the issues that arise as a result of the pioneering international school policy or international schools is. Already extent problems arising out of this government policy. One is the potential and corrupt practices that have occurred."

"This handbook provides a comprehensive treatise of the concepts and nature of technology-facilitated gendered violence and abuse, as well as legal, community and activist responses to these harms. It offers an inclusive and intersectional treatment of gendered violence including that experienced by gender, sexuality and racially diverse victim-survivors. It examines the types of gendered violence facilitated by technologies but also responses to these harms from the perspectives of victim advocates, legal analyses, organisational and community responses, as well as activism within civil society. It is unique in its recognition of the intersecting drivers of inequality and marginalisation including misogyny, racism, colonialism and homophobia. It draws together the expertise of a range of established and globally renowned scholars in the field, as well as survivor-advocate-scholars and emerging scholars, lending a combination of credibility, rigor, currency, and innovation throughout. This handbook further provides recommendations for policy and practice and will appeal to academics and students in Criminology, Criminal Justice, Law, Socio-Legal Studies, Politics, as well as Women’s and/or Gender Studies."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui komodifikasi anggota JKT48 dan komodifikasi dukungan fans terhadap idola yang dilakukan oleh manajemen JKT48. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data berupa observasi, wawancara, analisis wacana kritis. Hasil penelitian ini adalah komodifikasi anggota JKT48 dan komodifikasi dukungan fans karena manajemen JKT48 mentransformasinya sebagai komoditi. Kerugian yang ditimbulkan bagi perempuan yang menjadi anggota JKT48 adalah eksploitasi sebagai pekerja dan kehilangan makna dirinya sebagai perempuan karena direduksi menjadi obyek dan komditi. Sedangkan kerugian yang dapat dialami oleh fans adalah pengurangan hak sebagai konsumen dan mengalami manipulasi sehingga melakukan konsumsi atas komoditi yang sebenarnya bukan komoditi.

---

The purposes of this research are to know about the commodification of JKT48's member and the commodification of the fans' support among their idol that have been done by JKT48's management. This research use qualitative method with observation, interview and critical discourse analysis. The Result of this research is JKT48's management did the commodification against women (JKT48's member) and against fans' support because JKT48's management transformed women and fans' support as a commodity which is can be sold to public. The bad impacts of commodification for women are an exploitation as a labor and they are losing the meaning of themselves as a women because the reduction as an object or a commodity. On the other hand, the bad impacts of commodification for it fans are the decreasing of their rights as a consumer and manipulated by the management so they are consuming among a 'commodity' that not really a 'commodity'."

"Tugas Karya Akhir ini membahas mengenai gejala anak yang dipekerjakan pada perkebunan rakyat tembakau di Indonesia. Alat analisis yang digunakan dalam penulisan ini adalah kriminologi kritis. Data sekunder yang digunakan untuk membahas gejala anak yang dipekerjakan adalah laporan penelitian, artikel jurnal, dan skripsi yang membahas mengenai situasi anak yang dipekerjakan pada perkebunan rakyat tembakau. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa anak yang dipekerjakan pada perkebunan tembakau mengalami kekerasan pengabaian atau pembiaran berupa jam kerja yang berlebihan dan dampak kesehatan seperti Green Tobacco Sickness. Selain itu, terdapat pula faktor-faktor struktural seperti neoliberalisme, norma sosial, dan kemiskinan yang masih melekat pada masyarakat sehingga masih melanggengkan anak-anak untuk dipekerjakan dan berdampak pada child well-being mereka. Dalam hal ini, pemerintah sebagai lembaga yang memiliki tanggung jawab tidak berperan aktif dalam mengatasi gejala yang ada.

---

This final project discusses the symptoms of child labor on people’s tobacco plantations inIndonesia.Criticalcriminology isusedasananalysistoolinthiswriting.Secondary data used to discuss child labor symptoms include research reports, journal articles, and theses that discuss the situation of children working on people’s tobacco plantations. The analysis results show that children working on people’s tobacco plantations experience physical neglect and abuse, such as excessive working hours and health impacts like Green Tobacco Sickness. Additionally, there are structural factors like neoliberalism, social norms, and poverty that still persist in society, perpetuating the employment of children and affecting their well-being. In this case, the government, as an institution with responsibility, has not played an active role in addressing the existing symptoms."