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Abstrak :
Ada beberapa fungsi dari pestisida yang memberikan andil dalam meningkatkan nilai produksi. Salah satunya dalam bidang pertanian pestisida digunakan untuk meningkatkan produksi pertanian. Tetapi tidak demikian halnya bagi kesehatan masyarakat karena pestisida mempunyai efek sampingan yang dapat menyebabkan terjadinya keracunan bagi masyarakat pada umumnya dan petani pada khususnya. Angka keracunan pestisida pada petani penyemprot hama akibat penggunaan pestisida sangat tinggi (71%) sesuai dengan pemeriksaan pada sampel darah yang dilakukan oleh petugas kesehatan Dinas Kesehatan Tingkat II Kota Metro Propinsis Lampung Tahun 2003. Tetapi masih belum banyak diperoleh keterangan mengenai faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan penurunan kadar kolinestrase darah pada petani penyemprot hama tanaman. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah diketahuinya gambaran kadar kolinestrase darah petani penyemprot hama tanaman dan faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan penurunan kadar kolinestrase darah petani penyemprot hama tanaman di Kota Metro Propinsi Lampung Tahun 2004. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis data primer, bersifat potong lintang (cross sectional) dilaksanakan di lima kecamatan di wilayah Kota Metro yaitu Kecamatan Metro Pusat, Kecamatan Metro Selatan, Kecamatan Metro Utara, Kecamatan Metro Barat dan Kecamatan Metro Timur. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada 127 responden, pada umumnya berjenis kelamin laki-laki, berusia antara 21 - 70 tahun yang pada umumnya terdiri dari petani penyemprot hama tanaman padi. Jumlah variabel pada penelitian ini adalah sembilan variabel independent (umur, jenis kelamin, tingkatan pendidikan, jenis pestisida, kontak terakhir, lama pemaparan, pengetahuan, sikap dan tindakan) dan satu variabel dependen yaitu penurunan kadar kolinestrase. Dari analisis bivarat chi square diketahui besamya pengaruh dan setiap variabel yang diteliti, dan dari sembilan variabel yang dianalisis hanya ada lima variabel yang bermakna untuk dapat dijadikan model pada analisis multivariat yaitu : jenis kelamin, lama pemaparan, kontak terakhir, sikap dan tindakan. Telah dibuktikan dengan analisis bivariat chi square yang mempunyai hubungan bermakna pada penurunan kadar kolinestrase darah petani, yaitu: lama pemaparan, kontak terakhir. Dari analisis multivariat diperoleh hasil bahwa variabel yang paling dominan pada penurunan kadar kolinestrase darah pada petani adalah kontak terakhir. Dengan demikian disarankan kepada petani penyemprot hama tanaman pengguna pestisida untuk melakukan penyemprotan dengan perilaku yang baik pada penggunaan pestisida terutama pada penggunaan pakaian pelindung kerja agar tidak terpajan pestisida pada waktu melakukan penyemprotan (kontak) dengan pestisida karena pada kontak terakhir dengan pestisida mempunyai hubungan bermakna dengan penurunan kadar kolinestrase yang juga berarti ada keterpaparan pestisida pada saat kontak (menyemprot) dengan pestisida sehingga perlu diperhatikan penggunaan alat pelindung diri (APD) yang baik dan benar. ......Economical benefit from pesticide which giving part on improving prosperity in society. One of them is in the agriculture field, pesticide used to crease agro product. On the other hand public health because pesticide has side effect which caused poisoned for public in common and farmer which work with the pesticide especially, Number of poisoned suffered because the effect of using pesticide is very high ( 71 %) as according to inspection of blood sample done by grade health worker of Lampung Metro Province Town in the Year 2003. But still there's not yet obtained boldness of concerning factors which deal with degradation of cholinesterase blood rate on this crop pest sprayer fanner. Purpose of this research is the knowing of cholinesterase blood rate picture of crop pest sprayer fanner and factors which deal with degradation of cholinesterase blood rate on crop pest sprayer in Lampung Metro Province Town in the Year 2004. This research use the primary analysis, having the character of vertical cut (cross sectional) executed in five sub district in Town Metro region which is Sub district of Metro Center, Sub district of Metro South, Sub district of Metro North, Sub district of Metro West and Sub district of Metro East. This research was done with 127 responders, generally men: in the age of between 21 - 70 years which is generally consist of the paddy crop pest sprayer farmer. The totals of variables in this research are nine independent variable (age, sex, education, knowledge, attitude, practice, kind of pesticide, clarification rate, last contact) and one dependent variable that is cholinesterase degradation rate. From bivariate chi square analysis known the level of influence from each checked variable, and from nine variables analyzed there's only five concerning variable (sex, clarification rate, last contact, attitude and practice) can be made to be model in double logistic multivariate regression analysis. Have been proved with the bivariate analysis of chi square thing which having relation to the rate of fanner cholinesterase rase blood rate regression that is: clarification rate, last contact Thereby it is suggested to crop pest sprayer farmer that using pesticide to spray in good condition periodically and good attitude in using pesticide especially with working protector cloth. Thereby, suggested to crop pest spread farmer that used pesticide to spread with good attitude and especially use working protector cloth so that they will not incurred by pesticide when spread (contact) with pesticide. Because in the last contact with pesticide occur a meaningful relation that is the degradation of blood cholinesterase rate which also means there has incurred pesticide when performed contact (spread) with pesticide. So that needs to be mentioned the using of good working protector cloth.

Abstrak :
Integrated Food Crop Pest Management Program in Indonesia: A Computable General Equilibrium AnalysisThe excessive use of pesticides in Indonesia during the 1970s and 1980s caused serious environmental problems such as acute and chronic human pesticide poisoning, animal poisoning and contaminated agricultural products, destruction of both beneficial natural parasites and pest predators, and pesticide resistance in pests_ To overcome these environmental problems, since 1989 the Indonesian government has actively adopted a strategy of integrated pest management (IPM). During the first few years of the IPM program's implementation, the program has been able to help farmers reduce the use of pesticides by approximately 56 percent, and increase yields by approximately 10 percent. However, economic literature, which analyzes the impact of the IPM program on household incomes and national economic performance, is very limited. The first goal of this research is to build a Computable General Equilibrium model that includes various links from pesticide use in agricultural sectors to environmental problems, particularly human health problems, and the links from environmental problems to societal costs and the effectiveness of production activities. The second goal of this research is to analyze the impact of the IPM program on Indonesian economic growth and household incomes for different socioeconomic gaups. The output of the first year of this research is a Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) which records the impact of pesticide on human health. After the SAM is available, in the second year of this research, this research will concentrate in building a computer program for the Computable General Equilibrium.