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"The combination between frames and walls is frequently used in the earthquake resistant design of multistorey reinforced concrete buildings Frames are relatively flexible , it will deform according to the shear mode. Meanwhile walls are usually very stift and it will deform with the flexural one. Accordingly between frames and walls will have a conflict of deformation modes. There is no clear guidance regarding the appropriate ratio between the number of walls and frames. In addition, effects of the rocking foundation to the structural response need to be investigated The seismic behavior of the multistorey reinforced concrete building has been investigated Three types of structure i.e 2 Walls +5 Frames or 2W+5F, 2W+7F and 2W+9F have been used for the structural models. The corresponding structural models are 12- storey buildings with 2 symmetrical beams span and _symmetrical buildings plan. The North-South Component of the 1940 El Centro earthquake record has been used for the input motion. The stifness and damping interaction between the soil and the foundation according to the Lumped ParameterMethod are also used The results of investigation show that the smaller the wall-frame ratio , the bigger the base shear coefficient resisted by walls, the smaller the plastic hinge rotation of the column 's bases, the smaller the total plastic hinge rotation and the hysteretic energy dissipation of every frame. In general, the structural response of the rocking structures are smaller than those the _fixed base structures. The appropriate wall frame-ratio can not be defined definitely without any clear requirement of the design criteria."

"Indonesia sebagai negara wilayah yang rawan gempa masih tertinggal dibandingkan negara rawan gempa lainnya dalam hal perencanaan bangunan tahan gempa. Hal ini terlihat terutama dalam perencanaan struktur fondasi tiang di Indonesia yang belum memasukkan konsep performance-based design sehingga struktur masih didesain berperilaku elastis dan tidak mengijinkan struktur mengalami deformasi dalam batas tertentu. Ini adalah pendekatan yang sangat tidak ekonomis karena seharusnya struktur tiang dapat didesain berperilaku daktail. Sebuah studi penurunan persamaan parametrik secara teoritis sudah dilakukan oleh Chiou,dkk. Pada tahun 2011 untuk mengestimasi daktilitas pada tiang pejal dengan curvature ductility yang tinggi. Studi ini menyimpulkan bahwa daktilitas tiang sangat dipengaruhi oleh overstrength ratio, curvature ductility, dan soil-pile interaction. Kajian ini dilakukan berbasis data dari tiang pejal berdaktilitas kurvatur yang berada pada rentang 16-20, sedangkan spun pile eksisting di Indonesia memiliki daktilitas kurvatur <10. Studi pemodelan numerik pushover analysis dengan bantuan software OpenSees Navigator dilakukan untuk melihat apakah perbedaan karakteristik dari spun pile eksisting di Indonesia dengan tiang pejal yang diteliti dalam kajian referensi mempengaruhi applicability dari persamaan parametrik yang sudah diturunkan, dan mencoba menawarkan persamaan parametrik baru yang lebih applicable untuk mengestimasi daktilitas spun pile di Indonesia.

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Indonesia as one of the regions prone to earthquakes is still lagging behind other countries in terms of designing earthquake-resistant buildings. This can be seen especially in the designing of pile foundations in Indonesia which has not included the concept of performance-based design so that the structure is still designed to behave elastically and does not allow the structure to deform within a certain limit. This is a very uneconomical approach because the pile structure should be designed to behave in a ductile manner. A theoretical derivation study of parametric equations has been carried out by Chiou, et al. In 2011 to estimate the ductility of solid piles with high curvature ductility. This study concludes that pile ductility is strongly influenced by overstrength ratio, curvature ductility, and soil-pile interaction. This study was conducted based on data from solid piles with curvature ductility in the range of 16-20, while the existing spun piles in Indonesia have curvature ductility <10. A pushover analysis numerical modeling study with the help of OpenSees Navigator software was conducted to see whether the different characteristics of the piles affected the applicability of the derived parametric equations, then tried to offer a new parametric equation that is more applicable to estimate ductility of existing spun piles in Indonesia."