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"ABSTRAKPenelitian telah dilakukan untuk menganalisis kromosom ikan koi Kohaku (Cyprinus carpio L.) dengan teknik kultur sel darah. Tujuan dari penelitian adalah untuk mendapatkan informasi mengenai jumlah dan karakter morfologi kromosom ikan koi Kohaku (Cyprinus carpio L.). Preparat kromosom diperoleh dari sel darah ikan koi Kohaku yang dikultur dengan menggunakan medium RPMI 1640, mitogen PHA-M, faktor tumbuh FBS, dan antibiotic antimycotic pada suhu 37°C selama 72 jam dalam inkubator dengan 5% CO2. Perlakuan penghambatan pembentukkan spindel untuk mendapatkan sebaran kromosom metafase dilakukan dengan pemberian 10µg/mL kolsemid kemudian di inkubasi selama dua jam. Sampel kemudian diberi perlakuan hipotonis dengan larutan KCl 0,075 M di inkubasi selama 8 menit, dan perlakuan fiksatif dengan larutan metanol dan asam asetat glasial dalam perbandingan 3: 1 selama 10 menit. Sampel diwarnai dengan Giemsa 5%, dan diamati di bawah mikroskop Leica dengan perbesaran 10x100. Jumlah kromosom dihitung dengan bantuan software ImageJ. Pengamatan sebaran kromosom metafase yang didapatkan menunjukkan ikan koi Kohaku memiliki kromosom yang berjumlah berkisar 2n= ca. 100--102. Hasil yang diperoleh diharapkan dapat menjadi informasi dasar kromosom spesies, melihat kekerabatan spesies, dan pengembangan sitogenetik di Indonesia.

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ABSTRACTResearch to analyze chromosomes Kohaku koi (Cyprinus carpio L.) using blood cell culture techniques has been conducted. The aim of the research was to obtain information about the number and size of chromosome of the Kohaku koi (Cyprinus carpio L.) chromosome. Chromosomes were obtained from Kohaku koi fish blood cell culture. The cells were cultured using RPMI 1640 medium, mitogen from PHA-M, FBS growing factor, and antibiotic antimycotic at a temperature of 37°C for 72 hours in a 5% CO2 incubator. The inhibition of spindle formation to obtain chromosomal metaphase distribution was carried out by two-hours colcemid treatment at a dosage of 10 µg/mL. The samples were subjected to 0.075 M KCl hypotonic solution for 8 minutes, and fixed with a solution of methanol and glacial acetic acid in a 3: 1 ratio for 10 minutes. Samples were tinged with 5% Giemsa and observed under a Leica microscope software with 10 x 100 magnification. The number of chromosomes has been calculated by using ImageJ software. According to the data obtained, Kohaku koi fish chromosome numbers ranged from 2n=ca. 100 to 2n=ca.102. The results were expected to be the basic of chromosome information that would be beneficial for predicting the kinship of species as well as the development of cytogenetics in Indonesia."

"ABSTRACTIndonesia merupakan negara kepulauan yang memiliki keanekaragaman ikan yang tinggi. Salah satu ikan air tawar yang paling diminati oleh masyarakat Indonesia adalah ikan mas Majalaya. Penelitian mengenai analisis kromosom ikan mas Majalaya telah dilakukan dari bulan Mei hingga Desember 2018. Penelitian bertujuan untuk melakukan optimasi metode preparasi kromosom dan menganalisis kromosom ikan mas Majalaya (Cyprinus carpio) dari insang. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan optimasi lama waktu inkubasi kolsemid untuk menahan kromosom pada tahap metafase; inkubasi sel dengan KCl sebagai larutan hipotonik; serta pengulangan pengunaan fiksatif. Data kromosom diolah dengan menggunakan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan lama waktu inkubasi kolsemid yang optimal adalah 2 jam, sedangkan waktu inkubasi KCl yang optimal adalah 8 menit. Jumlah pengulangan fiksatif yang optimal adalah 1 kali dengan waktu perendaman 10 menit. Jumlah kromosom ikan mas Majalaya yang diperoleh adalah ca.100--102. Hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan menunjukkan bahwa panjang rata-rata kromosom ikan mas Majalaya (Cyprinus carpio) adalah 0,725m dan lebar rata-ratanya adalah 0,756 ±0,297 1¼m. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi acuan untuk penelitian kromosom selanjutnya.

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ABSTRACTIndonesia is an archipelago country that has a high diversity of fish. One of the most sought after freshwater fish by the people of Indonesia is the Majalaya carp (Cyprinus carpio). The purpose of this research are to optimize of chromosome preparation method and to analyze Majalaya carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) chromosome from gills. The research of chromosome analysis of Majalaya carp has been carried out from May to December 2018. The study optimized the time of incubation of colsemide to trap the chromosomes in metaphase; cell incubation with KCl as hypotonic solution; and the repetition of fixative use. After the carp chromosome has been obtained, the number was calculated using ImageJ. The results showed that the optimum cholcemid and KCl incubation were 2 hours and 8 minutes respectively, while the optimum fixation was 1 time in 10 minutes. The number of chromsome of Majalaya carp obtained in this study was 2n=ca.100--102. The results of the research showed that the average length of the Majalaya carp chromosome (Cyprinus carpio) was 0,725±0,287 1¼m and the average width was 0,756±0,297 1¼m. The results of this study would give an insight into further chromosomal analysis."

"One main drawback of the local animal industry is the inavailability of affordable and sustainable protein supply for the livestock. Insect larvae, such as the Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae (BSFL), have been considered as a protein source which can be produced at a large scale using low cost organic wastes as feeding material. This study was designed to determine the response of BSFL to various waste combinations of vegetable and animal remains, Pak Choi (Brassica chinensis) residues (S) and carp (Cyprinus caprio) fish offal (I)). A total of 540 BSFL were fed with 100 mg/larvae/day combination of vegetable wastes: animal waste 70%: 30% (S > I), 50%: 50% (S = I), and 30%: 70% (S < I). Among the feed combinations, the S < I group showed the best results as it produced the significantly highest weight of BSFL at 122.8 mg/larvae and approximate digestibility of 62.01%, with the least pupae mortality rate at 4.29%.Keywords: bioconversion, biomass, Brassica chinensis, Cyprinus carpio, Hermetia illucen"

"One main drawback of the local animal industry is the inavailability of affordable and sustainable protein supply for the livestock. Insect larvae, such as the Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae (BSFL), have been considered as a protein source which can be produced at a large scale using low cost organic wastes as feeding material. This study was designed to determine the response of BSFL to various waste combinations of vegetable and animal remains, Pak Choi (Brassica chinensis) residues (S) and carp (Cyprinus caprio) fish offal (I)). A total of 540 BSFL were fed with 100 mg/larvae/day combination of vegetable wastes: animal waste 70%: 30% (S > I), 50%: 50% (S = I), and 30%: 70% (S < I). Among the feed combinations, the S < I group showed the best results as it produced the significantly highest weight of BSFL at 122.8 mg/larvae and approximate digestibility of 62.01%, with the least pupae mortality rate at 4.29%."

"Pencemaran timbal merupakan masalah yang serius bagi biota akuatik. Ikan mas (Cyprinus carpio) menjadi salah satu komoditas penting dalam perikanan dan merupakan ikan yang sering dikonsumsi oleh masyarakat. Penggunaan zeolit dinilai dapat membantu dalam adsorpsi logam berat di dalam air sehingga akan mengurangi akumulasi logam berat pada ikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan zeolit yang dioptimalkan dengan menempelkan serbuk pada material non-woven sheet menjadi zeolite embedded sheet (ZES) terhadap konsentrasi akhir timbal di dalam air dan akumulasinya pada Cyprinus carpio di akuarium. Akuarium dengan perlakuan ZES diduga akan menurunkan konsentrasi akhir timbal di dalam air. Selain itu, penggunaan ZES dapat mengurangi potensi akumulasi timbal pada Cyprinus carpio. Hasilnya zeolite embedded sheet (ZES) terbukti memberi pengaruh terhadap penurunan logam timbal pada air dan ikan dengan persentase penyisihan timbal mencapai 91,78% pada air dan >80% pada ikan. Berdasarkan uji statistik Two-Way ANOVA, perlakuan (ZES dan tanpa ZES) dan perbedaan konsentrasi awal memberi pengaruh terhadap nilai konsentrasi akhir timbal pada air dengan nilai p value sebesar <0,001 dan 0,038. Tidak terdapat pengaruh kombinasi antara perlakuan (Tanpa ZES dan ZES) dan faktor konsentrasi awal terhadap konsentrasi akhir di air. Berdasarkan uji-t berpasangan, pada akuarium dengan konsentrasi air 0,02 dan 0,04 mg/L memiliki Sig.(2-tailed) sebesar 0,002 dan 0,001. Artinya pada konsentrasi tersebut ZES memengaruhi konsentrasi timbal pada tubuh ikan. Namun, tidak terdapat perbedaan signifikan penggunaan ZES terhadap konsentrasi timbal pada ikan pada akuarium dengan konsentrasi air 0,03 mg/l dengan nilai Sig.(2-tailed) sebesar 0,06.

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Lead contamination poses a serious problem for aquatic organisms. Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) is an important commodity in fisheries and is frequently consumed by the public. The use of zeolite is considered to help in the absorption of heavy metals in water, thereby reducing the accumulation of heavy metals in fish. This study aims to investigate the effects of optimized zeolite utilization, by attaching zeolite powder to a non-woven sheet material to create zeolite embedded sheet (ZES), on the final concentration of lead in water and the accumulation of heavy metals in Cyprinus carpio. The hypothesis is that a ZES-treated aquarium will reduce the final concentration of lead in the water and potentially reduce lead accumulation in Cyprinus carpio. The results showed that zeolite embedded sheet (ZES) had a significant effect on reducing lead levels in water and fish, with a lead removal percentage of 91.78% (in water) and >80% (in fish). Based on the Two-Way ANOVA statistical test, the treatment (with or without ZES) and the initial concentration difference had a significant effect on the final lead concentration in water, with significance values of 0.001 and 0.038, respectively. However, there is no interaction effect between treatments (with and without ZES) and initial concentration factors on the final lead concentration in water. Paired t-tests indicate that ZES significantly affects lead concentration in fish at water concentrations of 0.02 and 0.04 mg/L, with Sig.(2-tailed) values of 0.002 and 0.001, respectively. However, there is no significant difference in ZES usage on lead concentration in fish at a water concentration of 0.03 mg/L, with a Sig.(2-tailed) value of 0.06."

"Pencemaran lingkungan yang dihasilkan oleh aktivitas fisik, biologis, dan (geo)kimiawi menjadi kekhawatiran utama karena memiliki konsekuensi yang merugikan terhadap ekosistem. Pada penelitian ini, serangkaian tahapan digesti, ekstraksi dengan berbagai variasi pH, dan simulasi dilakukan terhadap sedimen dan air di sungai Pesanggrahan, Jakarta Selatan, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia untuk menentukan kadar logam kromium dan timbal secara keseluruhan, kemudahan logam terlepas dari sedimen, dan potensi bioavailabilitasnya pada biota uji menggunakan bioindikator ikan mas (Cyprinus carpio L). Hasil uji menunjukkan bahwa kadar timbal dalam sedimen dapat mencapai 9,435–11,245 μg/g pada fraksi pH 3, 8,560–9,695 μg/g pada fraksi pH 5, dan 6,220–7,605 μg/g pada fraksi pH 7 dan kadar kromium dalam sedimen dapat mencapai 12,505–13,522 μg/g pada fraksi pH 3, 10,545–11,945 μg/g pada fraksi pH 5, dan 8,655–9,691 μg/g pada fraksi pH 7. Hasil uji bioakumulasi logam kromium dan timbal selama 28 hari menunjukkan bahwa kadar timbal dan kromium tertinggi pada daging ikan sebesar 0,220 dan 0,851 μg/g dan kadar timbal dan kromium tertinggi pada insang ikan sebesar 0,278 dan 0,965 μg/g. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa logam timbal dan kromium dapat terakumulasi pada biota ikan.

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Environmental pollution induced by physical, biological, and (geo)chemical activities have become a major concern because of their adverse consequences to aquatic ecosystem. In this study, digestions, extractions at various pH, and bioaccumulation tests were carried out on the sediment and water from the Pesanggrahan river, South Jakarta, Special Capital Region of Jakarta, Indonesia to determine the overall metal content of chromium and lead, feasibility of metal leaching from sediment, and its bioavailability potential by using freshwater fish (Cyprinus carpio L.) as a bioindicator. Extraction of sediment at various pH showed that the range of lead content was 9.435–11.245 μg/g at pH 3, 8.560–9.695 μg/g at pH 5, and 6.220–7.605 at pH 7 and the range of chromium was 12.505–13.522 μg/g at pH 3, 10.545–11.945 μg/g at pH 5, and 8.655–9.691 μg/g at pH 7. A 28-days bioaccumulation test showed that the highest levels of lead and chromium in the fleshes were 0.462 and 0.983 μg/g and 0.475 and 0.978 μg/g in the gills, respectively. This study indicated that lead and chromium metals has a potential to accumulate in fish."

"This research was carried out in TPAS Piyungan Bantul

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"The effect of Dimethyl Formamide (DMF) as a cryoprotectant on spermatozoa quality of carp fish Cyprinus carpio race Majalaya 24 hours post-cryopreservation was studied. This study was conducted in the Environmental Engineering Laboratory. Puspiptek. Serpong. Sperm was collected by the hand stripping method and were immediately diluted with extender [6J and cryoprotectant (DMF). The final concentrations of DMF were 0. 3.75. 7.5. and ! 1.25%. respectively. Sperm were frozen in liquid nitrogen for 24 hours. All sperm were re-examined after thawing for motility. viability, and abnormality. The highest percentage of the molility and the viability of preserved sperm was showed or the DMF 7.5%. On the oiher hand the lowest percentage of the abnormality of preserved sperm was demonstrated by the DMF 7.5%. also. Accordingly. DMF 7.5% is the optimum levels that could preserved spermatozoa still in a good quality 24 hours posl-cryopreservation."