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"Hipoksia berperan penting pada patofisiologi berbagai penyakit utama penyebab kematian seperti, penyakit jantung iskemia, strok, kanker, penyakit paru kronik, dan gagal jantung kongestif. Kedua protein golongan globin di otak, yaitu neuroglobin (Ngb) dan sitoglobin (Cygb) diduga berperan dalam suplai oksigen ke mitokondria dan melindungi jaringan otak dari kerusakan akibat hipoksia (neuroprotektan). Perubahan ekspresi protein merupakan salah satu bentuk adaptasi biokimia yang penting terhadap perubahan homeostasis. Oleh karena itu timbul pertanyaan bagaimana pola ekspresi Ngb dan Cygb serta peran neuroprotektan kedua protein tersebut di otak pada keadaan hipoksia sistemik kronik (HSK). Penelitian bertujuan manganalisis perbedaan pola ekspresi Ngb dan Cygb serta kaitannya dengan apoptosis pada HSK. Parameter yang diukur adalah Ngb, Cygb, sitokrom c, MDA, GSH dan HIF-lα. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah studi eksperimental in vivo model HSK pada tikus. Tikus sebagai hewan coba dibagi secara acak dalam 6 kelompok perlakuan, yaitu kelompok I adalah kelompok kontrol atau tanpa perlakuan hipoksia, sedangkan kelompok II, III, IV, V, dan VI mendapat perlakuan hipoksia dengan lama waktu hipoksia selama 1, 3, 5, 7, dan 14 hari. Parameter yang diperiksa meliputi ekspresi Ngb dan Cygb dengan teknik real time-RT PCR, ELISA dan imunofluoresen FITC, stres oksidatif, HIF-1α sebagai penanda hipoksia, dan sitokrom c sebagai penanda apoptosis. Hasil yang diperoleh HSK meningkatkan ekspresi mRNA Ngb pada hipoksia 3, 5, dan 7 hari, namun ekspresi proteinnya menurun pada hipoksia 1, 3, 5, 7, dan 14 hari dibanding dengan kontrol. Berbeda dengan ekspresi mRNA Cygb yang menurun selama hipoksia 1, 3, 5, 7, dan 14 hari, namun protein Cygb meningkat pada hipoksia 1, 3, 5, 7, dan 14 hari dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Korelasi Ngb dengan sitokrom c lemah tidak signifikan, sedangkan Cygb sangat lemah dan tidak signifikan. HSK menginduksi ekspresi HIF-lα yang meningkat tertinggi pada hipoksia 7 hari, dan menyebabkan stres oksidatif yang ditandai dengan meningkatnya MDA pada hipoksia 1, 3 dan 5 hari, serta menurunnya GSH pada hipoksia 1, 3, dan 5 hari. Penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa terdapat perbedaan pola ekspresi Ngb dan Cygb pada HSK. Ekspresi Ngb sebagai respons adaptasi terjadi lebih awal dan lebih dipengaruhi oleh lama waktu hipoksia dibandingkan dengan ekspresi Cygb. Meskipun lemah, Ngb cenderung mempunyai peran menghambat apoptosis dibandingkan dengan protein Cygb.

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Hypoxia has an important role in the pathophysiology of high mortality diseases, such as ischemic cardiovascular disease, stroke, cancer, chronic lung disease, and congestive heart failure. The proteins belonged to globin protein group, included neuroglobin (Ngb) and cytoglobin (Cygb), have been presumed to play a role in regulating the oxygen supply into the mitochondria and protecting the brain tissues from damage due to hypoxia (neuroprotectant). An alteration in protein expression due to a homeostatic shift is an important adaptation process in biochemistry. Therefore, the expression pattern of Ngb and Cygb as well as their protein roles in brain during a chronic systemic hypoxia condition (CSH) remain unclear.

This study aim to analyse the differences of the Ngb and Cygb expression patterns, and correlation of both protein to apoptosis in chronic systemic hypoxic condition. Ngb, Cygb, Cytochrome c, MDA, GSH, and HIF-1 α. were examined. An in vivo experimental model of CSH was carried out using rat. The experimental rats were randomly divided into 6 treatment groups, i.e. group I was a control group or without hypoxic condition, groups II, III, IV, V, and VI were treated by hypoxic condition for 1, 3, 5, 7, and 14 days, respectively.

The Ngb and Cygb expressions were analysed using real time-RTPCR, ELISA, immunofluorescence with FITC, and the measurement of stress oxidative biomarkers, included HIF-1α as a biomarker of hypoxic condition and cytochrome c as a biomarker of apoptosis. The CSH was increased the mRNA expression of Ngb at 3, 5, and 7 days hypoxic groups, while the protein expression was decreased at 1, 3, 5, 7, and 14 days hypoxic groups compared to control group. The mRNA expression of Cygb was decreased at 1, 3, 5, 7, and 14 days hypoxic groups, whereas the Cygb protein expression was increased at 1, 3, 5, 7, and 14 days hypoxic groups compared to control group.

The correlation between Ngb with cytochrome c was weakly statistically insignificant, and Cygb with cytochrome c was statistically insignificant. The CSH induced the HIFlα, which was shown by a high increase at 7 days hypoxic group, as well as stress oxidative which was represented by MDA at 1, 3, and 5 days hypoxic groups, and decreased GSH at 1, 3, and 5 days hypoxic groups. There are differences in expression pattern of Ngb and Cygb in CSH. The expression of Ngb, as an adaptive response, occurs earlier and is more influenced by the duration of hypoxic condition compared to Cygb. Although the correlation is weak, the Ngb seems more likely to inhibit apoptosis compared to Cygb protein."

"ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Zoonosis malaria telah menjadi perhatian komunitas kesehatan dunia setelah adanya laporan kasus di Sarawak pada tahun 2004. Penyakit ini disebabkan oleh parasit malaria satwa primata Plasmodium knowlesi dengan inang alami Macaca fascicularis dan M. nemestrina. Baku emas diagnosis parasit malaria masih berdasarkan pada identifikasi mikroskopik. Selain membutuhkan keahlian yang tinggi, teknik ini terkadang sulit menentukan spesies parasit bila terjadi infeksi campuran dan parasitemia yang sangat rendah. Belakangan diusulkan DNA barcoding, suatu metode identifikasi menggunakan penanda gen sitokrom c oksidase subunit I COI DNA mitokondria untuk spesiasi. Penelitian yang dilakukan bertujuan untuk mengembangkan metode identifikasi spesies parasit menggunakan gen COI sebagai penanda molekul dan mengungkap dasar molekul transmisi zoonosis parasit malaria dengan mempelajari peran gen penyandi protein DARC Duffy Antigen Receptor for Chemokines dan DBP Duffy Binding Protein yang berhubungan dengan invasi sel darah merah.Metode: Verifikasi potensi barcode COI sebagai penanda identifikasi spesies parasit malaria dilakukan dengan studi in-silico, sedangkan validasi penggunaan barcode COI dilakukan dengan analisis sensitivitas dan spesifisitas. Teknologi molekuler PCR-Sequencing dilakukan untuk mengaplikasikan barcode COI pada penapisan parasit malaria di populasi manusia dan satwa primata, serta identifikasi variasi genetik gen penyandi protein DARC dan DBP terutama pada daerah pengikatan ligan parasit dan reseptor inang.Hasil: Studi in-silico menunjukkan bahwa DNA barcoding berpotensi sebagai penanda identifikasi parasit malaria. Primer yang dirancang mengamplifikasi daerah COI sepanjang 670 pb berhasil mengidentifikasi parasit malaria dengan sensitivitas 1 ndash; 3 parasit/ l. Pada penapisan parasit malaria di populasi manusia di Kalimantan Tengah ditemukan 3,34 78/2309 kasus malaria, di mana dua diantaranya adalah kasus malaria knowlesi, yang secara statistik berbeda bermakna bila dibandingkan dengan mikroskopik 2,82 dan 18S rRNA 1,82 . Pada daerah yang sama, penapisan parasit malaria di populasi satwa primata, ditemukan 52,01 168/323 sampel orangutan dan 23,25 10/43 sampel monyet Macaca positif malaria. Spesies parasit yang ditemukan pada orangutan adalah P. species tipe parasit ovale, P. species tipe vivax-cynomolgi, P. species tipe vivax-hylobati dan P. species tipe malariae-inui, sedangkan pada monyet Macaca meliputi P. knowlesi, P. coatneyi, P. inui, juga P. spesies tipe malariae-inui, spesies parasit yang sama ditemukan di orangutan. Studi ini juga menemukan keanekaragaman genetik pada gen penyandi protein Duffy Antigen Receptor for Chemokines manusia maupun satwa primata dan Duffy Binding Protein parasit malaria yang memainkan peran penting dalam invasi parasit malaria.Kesimpulan: Barcode COI dapat secara spesifik dan sensitif mengidentifikasi spesies parasit malaria dan dapat diaplikasikan sebagai alat identifikasi zoonosis malaria. Terdapat variasi genetik gen penyandi protein Duffy Antigen Receptor for Chemokines dan Duffy Binding Protein yang berhubungan dengan invasi sel darah merah.

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ABSTRACTBackground Zoonotic case of malaria had just come to the attention of public health communities after the Sarawak study in 2004. Zoonotic malaria is caused by Plasmodium knowlesi, primarily a simian malaria parasite in wild long tail macaque Macaca fascicularis and pig tail macaque M. nemestrina as the reservoir hosts. The diagnosis of malaria parasites has mainly relied on the microscopic examination. However, this method is labor intensive, requires an experienced microscopist and difficult in identifying mixed infections in very low parasitemia cases. Recently, DNA barcoding system, which is based on the PCR amplification of a short and highly conserved region of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase sub unit I COI has shown to be an invaluable tool for diagnosing and differentiating the species of wide range of organisms. This study was aimed to develop identification tools of malaria parasite by using mtDNA COI gene as a molecular marker and reveal the molecular basis of zoonotic malaria by identifying the genetic variation of protein coding gene of DARC Duffy Antigen Receptor for Chemokines and DBP Duffy Binding Protein that are related to receptor ligand interaction in red blood cell invasion.Methods In silico study was carried out for verifying the potential of DNA barcoding based on the mtDNA COI gene sequence as a marker identification. Sensitivity and specificity analyses were carried out to validate the use of DNA barcoding for medical diagnosis of parasitic infection. Molecular technology of PCR Sequencing was carried out for screening malaria parasit in human and non human primate population and identifying the genetic variation within protein coding gene of DARC and DBP. Results We have initiated a study to explore the use of DNA barcoding for malaria parasite diagnosis through in silico study. We have thus designed primers spanning a 670 bp fragment of the 5 rsquo region of COI gene that could detect parasite isolates as low as 1 3 parasite per l. DNA barcode was used to detect malaria parasite in human population in Central Kalimantan. Of the 2309 subjects, 78 3.34 subjects were malaria positive of which two samples were determined as P. knowlesi infection. The detection rate of COI barcode was significantly higher as compared to microscopic 2.82 and 18S rRNA 1.82 analyses. Of the 366 non human primate samples that include 323 orangutan and 43 macaque 168 orangutan were found to be positive for either P. species ovale type, P. species vivax cynomolgi type, P. species vivax hylobati type and P. species malariae inui type. In macaque, 10 samples were positive for P. knowlesi, P. coatneyi, P. inui and P. species malariae inui type similar to that found in orangutan. The study has also found genetic variation in both human and non human primates Duffy Antigen Receptor for Chemokines and malaria parasite Duffy Binding Protein.Conclusions The study showed that mtDNA COI can be used to diagnose malaria parasites at very low parasitemia level and applied as a diagnosis tool for identification of zoonotic malaria. There is genetic variation in both human and non human primates Duffy Antigen Receptor for Chemokines and malaria parasite Duffy Binding Protein as major determinants for the invasion of malaria parasite."

"Penelitian mengenai keanekaragaman lobster air tawar di Kabupaten Sorong Selatan, Maybrat, dan Jayawijaya dilakukan pada bulan Agustus 2016. Penelitian bertujuan untuk melihat keanekaragaman lobster air tawar melalui analisis morfometrik dan DNA Barcoding. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa karakteristik A1-D6 dari ke empat lokasi pengambilan sampel terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan p.

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Research on the Research on the diversity of freshwater crayfish in Sorong Selatan Regency, Maybrat, and Jayawijaya conducted in August 2016. The study aims to see the diversity of freshwater crayfish through morphometric analysis and DNA Barcoding. These results indicate that the A1 D6 characteristics of all four sampling sites there are significant differences p "

"Kura-kura brazil (Trachemys scripta elegans) merupakan spesies asal Amerika Selatan dan salah satu spesies asing invasif yang berdampak buruk untuk spesies asli. Proses invasi spesies tersebut di Indonesia adalah melalui jalur perdagangan dan populer sebagai hewan peliharaan. Pendeteksian kehadiran spesies asing menjadi penting dalam proses pengendalian spesies sebelum menjadi invasif. Ekosistem perairan urban seperti situ di Universitas Indonesia merupakan wilayah yang umum ditemukan spesies asing. Tujuan penelitian adalah mendeteksi keberadaan kura-kura brazil di enam situ Universitas Indonesia menggunakan sampel eDNA yang diamplifikasi menggunakan primer spesifik Cytochrome b dan dikuantifikasi menggunakan qPCR. Nilai LoD dan LoQ ditentukan melalui kurva standar untuk menentukan keberadaan DNA kura-kura brazil pada 193 sampel. DNA Kura-kura brazil terdeteksi pada sampel dari seluruh situ di Universitas Indonesia pada tahun 2021 dan 2022 Faktor lingkungan tidak memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan (sig. > 0,05) terhadap konsentrasi eDNA, tetapi kura-kura brazil ditemukan pada situ dengan air yang tenang dengan suhu 27 - 33°C. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut eDNA dapat digunakan untuk monitoring keberadaan spesies asing invasif kura-kura brazil di ekosistem urban.

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The red-eared sliders (Trachemys scripta elegans) is a species from Southern America and one of the invasive alien species that has a negative impact on native species. The invasion process in Indonesia is through trade routes and is popular as a pet. Detecting the presence of alien species is important in the process of controlling species before they become invasive. Urban water ecosystems such as the one at the University of Indonesia are areas that are commonly found by alien species. The aim of the study was to detect the presence of Brazilian turtles in six ponds at the University of Indonesia using eDNA samples amplified using Cytochrome b specific primers and quantified using qPCR. LoD and LoQ values ​​were determined using standard curves to determine the presence of Brazilian tortoise DNA in 193 samples. The red-eared sliders’ DNA was detected in samples from all ponds at the University of Indonesia in 2021 and 2022. Environmental factors did not have a significant effect (sig. > 0.05) on eDNA concentrations, but the red-eared slider were found in situ with contaminated water. quiet with temperature 27 - 33°C. The results based on the eDNA can be used to monitor the presence of an invasive alien species in urban ecosystems."

"Latar belakang: Filariasis bancrofti merupakan vector-borne disease yang terutama ditularkan melalui gigitan nyamuk Culex quinquefasciatus dan masih menjadi masalah kesehatan di Indonesia. Penggunaan insektisida yang sering dan dalam jangka waktu yang lama menyebabkan resistensi pada Cx. quinquefasciatus dan mekanisme resistensi tersebut dapat dievaluasi melalui aktivitas enzim detoksifikasi. Namun, belum ada penelitian tentang aktivitas enzim detoksifikasi pada nyamuk Cx.quinquefasciatus yang dipaparkan oleh λ-sihalotrin di Jakarta. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi aktivitas larvasida λ-sihalotrin terhadap larva Cx. quinquefasciatus dan mendeskripsikan mekanisme larvasida melalui aktivitas enzim detoksifikasi. Metode: Uji bioassay dilakukan dengan memaparkan larva Cx. quinquefasciatus terhadap lima konsentrasi λ-sihalotrin (0,002; 0,015; 0,05; 0,2; 0,7 ppm). Angka mortalitas diukur setelah paparan selama 24 jam. Aktivitas enzim detoksifikasi meliputi asetilkolinesterase (AChE), glutation s-transferase (GST), dan cytochrome c-oxidase (COX) dianalisis menggunakan metode Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Hasil: Setelah paparan λ-sihalotrin selama 24 jam, angka mortalitas larva Cx. quinquefasciatus mulai dari 28,8% - 100%. Angka mortalitas 100% (125/125) ditemukan pada λ-sihalotrin dengan konsentrasi 0,7 ppm. Nilai LC50 sebesar 0,054 ppm (95% CI 0,038 – 0,068) dan LC90 sebesar 0,148 ppm (95% CI 0,117 – 0,208). Λ-sihalotrin menyebabkan peningkatan enzim AChE yang tidak signifikan, peningkatan enzim GST yang signifikan, dan penurunan enzim COX yang tidak signifikan. Kesimpulan: Λ-sihalotrin dengan konsentrasi 0,7 ppm memiliki aktivitas larvasida yang tinggi dengan mekanisme memengaruhi enzim detoksifikasi.

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Introduction: Bancrofti filariasis is a vector-borne disease transmitted by the Culex quinquefasciatus mosquito and is still a major health problem in Indonesia. Heavy and long-term use of insecticides causes the development of insecticide resistance in Cx. quinquefasciatus and the resistance mechanisms can be evaluated through detoxification enzymes. However, there has been no research on detoxifying enzymes activity in Cx. quinquefasciatus mosquitoes exposed to λ-cyhalothrin in Jakarta.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the larvicidal activity of λ-cyhalothrin against Cx. quinquefasciatus larvae and describe the larvicidal mechanism through detoxification enzymes activity.

Method: Bioassay tests were performed by exposing Cx. quinquefasciatus larvae to five concentrations of λ-cyhalothrin (0.002; 0.015; 0.05; 0.2; 0.7 ppm). The mortality rate was measured after exposure for 24 hours. The detoxification enzymes activity, including acetylcholinesterase (AChE), glutathione s-transferase (GST), and cytochrome c-oxidase (COX), were analyzed using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) method.

Result: After exposure to λ-cyhalothrin for 24 hours, the mortality rate of Cx. quinquefasciatus ranges from 28.8% - 100%. A mortality rate of 100% (125/125) was found in λ-cyhalothrin with 0,7 ppm concentration. The LC50 value was 0.054 ppm (95% CI 0.038 – 0.068) and the LC90 was 0.148 ppm (95% CI 0.117 – 0.208). Λ-cyhalothrin caused a non-significant increase in the AChE enzyme, a significant increase in the GST enzyme, and a non-significant decrease in the COX enzyme.

Conclusion: Λ-cyhalothrin with a concentration of 0.7 ppm has high larvicidal activity by influencing detoxification enzymes."

"The Old World porcupines (Family Hystricidae) are generally large terrestrial rodents. The major threats to their survival includes over-hunting primarily due to high demand for their meat that is thought to be of high medicinal value. This threat is further impacted by mass habitat destruction where forest is converted into agricultural land or human settlements. Despite their large and unique appearance, little is known with regards to their intrafamilial phylogenetic relationships. This is hampered by the limited DNA sequences that are available on public databases for species identification and comparison. In this study, the phylogenetic relationships among eight out of eleven extant species of Hystricidae were examined using a partial cytochrome b gene of the mitochondrial DNA. The first reference record of DNA sequence for all four species of porcupines in Malaysia (Atherurus macrourus, Hystrix brachyura, Thecurus crassispinis, and Trichys fasciculata) were made available in GenBank database. These reference sequences are crucial for species identification in a forensic case framework. The phylogeny supported the monophyly of the family Hystricidae. Except for Thecurus, the genera within Hystricidae: Atherurus, Hystrix, and Trichys formed distinct groups supporting their genus status with Trichys forming the basal group. Based on the positioning of Thecurus crassispinis within the Hystrix species group in the phylogeny tree, we suggested that Thecurus crassispinis to be systematically classified as Hystrix crassispinis. Within the genus Hystrix, further studies are needed to elucidate the relationships by including the remaining three species within the genus (Hystrix javanica, Hystrix pumila, and Hystrix sumatrae). Furthermore within Hystrix brachyura, additional studies are needed to investigate the regional populations structuring within their range countries in Southeast Asia to assist in the sustainable management and conservation of the species."

"Ikan gupi (Poecilia reticulata) merupakan ikan hias air tawar yang telah menjadi komoditas ekspor utama di Indonesia. Persilangan antar strain ikan gupi sudah banyak dilakukan, namun masih sedikit ketersediaan informasi genetik intraspesies ikan gupi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keragaman genetik intraspesies ikan gupi dan hubungan kekerabatan antar populasi di wilayah Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, dan Bekasi menggunakan marka gen Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit 1 (CO1). Amplifikasi PCR dan sekuensing menggunakan marka gen CO1 (F): 5 TCAACCAACCACAAAGACATTGGCAC-3 (26 pb) dan CO1 (R): 5 TAGACTTCTGGGTGGCCAAAGAATCA-3 (26 pb). Analisis yang dilakukan terhadap sekuen DNA ikan gupi antara lain; homologi BLAST, jarak genetik, dan analisis filogenetik. Hasil analisis homologi berdasarkan BLAST menunjukkan persentase similaritas 98-99% terhadap mtDNA Poecilia reticulata dan Poecilia wingei. Hasil analisis didapatkan jarak terbesar dan kekerabatan terjauh adalah populasi Bekasi strain Albino Full Red dengan populasi Tangerang strain Cobra. Sekuens tersebut mungkin dapat digunakan untuk menghasilkan benih dengan keragaman tinggi.

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Guppy fish (Poecilia reticulata) is fresh water ornamental fish which have been the top export commodity in Indonesia. A lot of guppy strains had been hybridized, yet there are still few information about intraspecies genetic variation. Research was conducted to study intraspecies genetic variation and phylogenetic relationship among guppy population in region Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang and Bekasi using Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit 1 (CO1) as genetic marker. Amplification and sequencing were using CO1 (F): 5 TCAACCAACCACAAAGACATTGGCAC-3 (26 pb) and CO1 (R): 5 TAGACTTCTGGGTGGCCAAAGAATCA-3 (26 pb). Some analysis which had been done with guppy DNA were; BLAST homology, genetic distance, and phylogenetic analysis. BLAST homology resulted 98-99% similarity according to mtDNA Poecilia reticulata and Poecilia wingei. The biggest distance and farthest relationship belong to Albino Full Red strain in Bekasi with Cobra strain in Tangerang. Those sequences might be used to produce potential germ with high genetic variation."

"Telah dilakukan penelitian mengenai identifikasi spesies dan distribusi larva udang mantis di Teluk Banten selama bulan Oktober 2013--November 2013. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengukur efektivitas aplikasi DNA barcoding dalam identifikasi larva udang mantis dan mempelajari pola distribusinya di Teluk Banten. Larva udang mantis sebanyak 138 individu dikoleksi dengan menggunakan jaring larva dengan besar mulut 30x30 cm2 dan besar jaring sebesar 500 μm dari 6 stasiun penelitian. Daerah COI sebagai penanda DNA barcoding efektif dapat digunakan untuk identifikasi larva udang mantis dengan variasi intraspesies sekuen COI berkisar antara 0,7--2,4%. Distribusi larva udang mantis berpusat di Stasiun 4 yang ditandai dengan tingginya kelimpahan larva udang mantis pada lokasi tersebut (P<0,005; ANOSIM). Ordinasi NMDS dan klusterisasi berdasarkan jarak Bray-Curtis menunjukkan distribusi larva udang mantis dipengaruhi oleh kondisi perairanTeluk Banten. Faktor lingkungan yang memengaruhi kelimpahan larva udang mantis adalah suhu, salinitas dan kecerahan dengan nilai R2 adjusted sebesar 94,5% (P<0,05). Distribusi, kelimpahan, dan komposisi larva udnag mantis di Teluk Banten juga dipengaruhi oleh pola perilaku larva (vertical migration) dan arah arus yang memengaruhi perairan Teluk Banten. Distribusi kelimpahan larva pada lokasi penelitian selama bulan Oktober--November 2013 bergerak kearah barat Teluk Banten.

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Planktonic larvae of stomatopoda were collected at six stations in Banten Bay from October 2013 to November 2013, aimed at assessing effectiveness of using COI gene for barcoding stomatopoda larvae and studying its distribution in Banten Bay. A total of 138 stomatopod larvae were obtained by deploying larval trap of 30x30 cm2 mouth diameters and 500 μm mesh size for approximately 10 minutes just beneath the surface. Five species of stomatopod successfully identified using COI gene as barcode marker. Variation of intraspecies for COI gene based on Kimura 2-Parameter (K2P) were found to be ranged from 0,7% to 2,4%. NMDS ordination and Bray-Curtis cluster shown that distribution of stomatopod larvae affected by hydrodynamic on Banten Bay. Larvae abundance at six stations in Banten Bay affected by temperature, salinity, and visibility with score of adjusted R2 is 94,5% (P<0,05). Distribution, abundance, and diversity of stomatopods larvae are affected by vertical migration and current on Teluk Banten water."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian mengenai keragaman ikan gabus Sentani Oxyeleotris heterodon, Weber 1907 telah dilakukan dari bulan Agustus 2016 -- April 2017. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis keragaman morfologi ikan gabus sentani Oxyeleotris heterodon dengan metode truss morfometrik dan keragaman genetik dengan DNA barcoding. Sampel ikan gabus Sentani Oxyeleotris heterodon sebanyak 56 individu ditangkap dengan menggunakan jaring insang dari tiga stasiun penelitian yaitu Kampung Ifar, Kampung Putali dan Kampung Sosiri. Metode truss morfometrik dilakukan dengan mengukur 26 karakter pada tubuh sampel yang diamati, sedangkan metode DNA Barcoding dilakukan dengan menggunakan Gen Cytochrome Oxidase Sub Unit 1. Hasil yang diperoleh memperlihatkan nilai korelasi tertinggi terdapat pada karakter B2 dan D5, dengan nilai korelasi sebesar 0,963, sedangkan nilai korelasi terendah terdapat pada karakter A1 dan A4 dengan nilai korelasi sebesar 0,278. Nilai koefisiensi keragaman setiap karakter morfometrik sebesar 31 . Semua variabel berbeda secara signifikan antar setiap lokasi semua variabel memiliki p-value < 0,05 . Terbentuk tiga kelompok/kluster dari analisis morfometrik. Gen Cytochrome C Oxidase Sub Unit 1 COX 1 digunakan sebagai penanda. Daerah penanda Cytochrome Oxidase Sub Unit 1 menghasilkan fragmen DNA berukuran 650 bp. Hasil rekonstruksi pohon filogeni menghasilkan membentuk dua kelompok/kluster. Truss morfometrik dan DNA Barcoding dapat digunakan dalam mengidentifikasi keragaman ikan gabus Sentani Oxyeleotris heterodon di Kampung Ifar, Kampung Putali dan Kampung Sosiri.

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ABSTRACTResearch on the diversity of gabus Sentani fish Oxyeleotris heterodon, Weber 1907 was conducted from August 2016 to April 2017. The aims of this study to identify and analyze the morphological diversity of gabus Sentani fish Oxyeleotris heterodon by morphometric truss method and genetic diversity by DNA Barcoding. Gabus Sentani fish Oxyeleotris heterodon samples of 56 individuals were caught by gill net from three research stations that is Ifar Village, Putali Village and Sosiri Village. The morphometric truss method was performed by measuring 26 characters in the sample body observed, while the DNA Barcoding method was performed using Gen Cytochrome Oxidase Sub Unit 1. The results obtained showed the highest correlation values were in the characters B2 and D5, with a correlation value of 0.963. While the lowest correlation value is on the characters A1 and A4 with a correlation value of 0.278. The coefficient value of each morphometric characteristic is 31 . All variables differ significantly between each location all variables have p value "