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"[ABSTRAKPenelitian ini menyelidiki pengaruh perubahan kebijakan fiskal selamapelaksanaan desentralisasi fiskal terhadap ketimpangan di Indonesia. Denganmenggunakan data panel dari 27 provinsi selama periode 2001-2012, penelitianini menjelaskan dampak dari peraturan baru tentang desentralisasi fiskal terhadapketimpangan pengeluaran. Penelitian ini menggunakan koefisien Gini, Theil L,dan Theil T sebagai ukuran ketimpangan, sedangkan variabel independen meliputiindeks desentralisasi fiskal (FDA dan FDB), PDRB per kapita (pcGRDP) danPDRB per kapita kuadrat (pcGRDP kuadrat). Variabel independen PDRB perkapita dan PDRB per kapita kuadrat berfungsi sebagai variabel kontrol.Hasil regresi panel menunjukkan bahwa selama pelaksanaan Undang-Undang Nomor 25 tahun 1999 (2001-2004), desentralisasi fiskal berdampaknegatif pada ketimpangan. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa desentralisasi fiskalmengakibatkan peningkatan ketimpangan pengeluaran. Semakin besardesentralisasi fiskal menyebabkan semakin besarnya ketimpangan pengeluaran.Perubahan undang-undang desentralisasi fiskal tahun 2004 menunjukkan bahwaketimpangan dapat dikurangi. Meskipun pengaruh desentralisasi fiskal padaketimpangan masih negatif setelah tahun 2004, besar dampaknya jauh lebih kecil.

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ABSTRACTThis study attempts to investigate the effect of change in fiscal regulationduring implementation of fiscal decentralization on inequality in Indonesia. Usinga provincial panel data set consisting of 27 provinces during 2001-2012 periods,this study explains the impact of new regulation on fiscal decentralization onexpenditure inequality. This study employs Gini coefficient, Theil L, and Theil Tas a measure of inequality, while independent variables include indices of fiscaldecentralization (FDA and FDB), per capita GRDP (pcGRDP) and per capitaGRDP squared (pcGRDP squared). Independent variables, pc GRDP and pcGRDPsquared serve as control variables.The panel regression results show that during the implementation of the lawNo.25/1999 (i.e., from 2001 to 2004), fiscal decentralization has a negative impacton inequality. In particular, this study finds that fiscal decentralization appears tohave increased expenditure inequality. Higher degree of fiscal decentralizationviiUniversitas Indonesiainduces larger expenditure inequality. However, the implementation of the revisedfiscal decentralization law in 2004 seems to have mitigated inequality. Though theeffect of fiscal decentralization on inequality is still negative after 2004, themagnitude of the effect is much smaller.;This study attempts to investigate the effect of change in fiscal regulationduring implementation of fiscal decentralization on inequality in Indonesia. Usinga provincial panel data set consisting of 27 provinces during 2001-2012 periods,this study explains the impact of new regulation on fiscal decentralization onexpenditure inequality. This study employs Gini coefficient, Theil L, and Theil Tas a measure of inequality, while independent variables include indices of fiscaldecentralization (FDA and FDB), per capita GRDP (pcGRDP) and per capitaGRDP squared (pcGRDP squared). Independent variables, pc GRDP and pcGRDPsquared serve as control variables.The panel regression results show that during the implementation of the lawNo.25/1999 (i.e., from 2001 to 2004), fiscal decentralization has a negative impacton inequality. In particular, this study finds that fiscal decentralization appears tohave increased expenditure inequality. Higher degree of fiscal decentralizationviiUniversitas Indonesiainduces larger expenditure inequality. However, the implementation of the revisedfiscal decentralization law in 2004 seems to have mitigated inequality. Though theeffect of fiscal decentralization on inequality is still negative after 2004, themagnitude of the effect is much smaller.;This study attempts to investigate the effect of change in fiscal regulationduring implementation of fiscal decentralization on inequality in Indonesia. Usinga provincial panel data set consisting of 27 provinces during 2001-2012 periods,this study explains the impact of new regulation on fiscal decentralization onexpenditure inequality. This study employs Gini coefficient, Theil L, and Theil Tas a measure of inequality, while independent variables include indices of fiscaldecentralization (FDA and FDB), per capita GRDP (pcGRDP) and per capitaGRDP squared (pcGRDP squared). Independent variables, pc GRDP and pcGRDPsquared serve as control variables.The panel regression results show that during the implementation of the lawNo.25/1999 (i.e., from 2001 to 2004), fiscal decentralization has a negative impacton inequality. In particular, this study finds that fiscal decentralization appears tohave increased expenditure inequality. Higher degree of fiscal decentralizationviiUniversitas Indonesiainduces larger expenditure inequality. However, the implementation of the revisedfiscal decentralization law in 2004 seems to have mitigated inequality. Though theeffect of fiscal decentralization on inequality is still negative after 2004, themagnitude of the effect is much smaller., This study attempts to investigate the effect of change in fiscal regulationduring implementation of fiscal decentralization on inequality in Indonesia. Usinga provincial panel data set consisting of 27 provinces during 2001-2012 periods,this study explains the impact of new regulation on fiscal decentralization onexpenditure inequality. This study employs Gini coefficient, Theil L, and Theil Tas a measure of inequality, while independent variables include indices of fiscaldecentralization (FDA and FDB), per capita GRDP (pcGRDP) and per capitaGRDP squared (pcGRDP squared). Independent variables, pc GRDP and pcGRDPsquared serve as control variables.The panel regression results show that during the implementation of the lawNo.25/1999 (i.e., from 2001 to 2004), fiscal decentralization has a negative impacton inequality. In particular, this study finds that fiscal decentralization appears tohave increased expenditure inequality. Higher degree of fiscal decentralizationviiUniversitas Indonesiainduces larger expenditure inequality. However, the implementation of the revisedfiscal decentralization law in 2004 seems to have mitigated inequality. Though theeffect of fiscal decentralization on inequality is still negative after 2004, themagnitude of the effect is much smaller.]"

"Metode Kumon adalah suatu metode belajar yang berasal dari pemikiranToru Kumon. Metode tersebut dikembangkan mulai tahun 1958 di Jepang. Saat ini, Metode Kumon tidak hanya di Jepang melainkan berkembang di 46 negara yang lebih kurang 4,2 juta siswa belajar dengan metode tersebut. Metode ini mulai masuk ke dunia pendidikan Indonesia sejak tahun 1993. Jumlah siswa Kumon di Indonesia lebih kurang 90.000 siswa dengan jumlah kelas Kumon sebanyak 522 kelas. Salah satu kelas Kumon di Indonesia adalah Kumon Candraloka yang terletak di Bogor. Melalui Metode Kumon, khususnya di kelas Kumon Candraloka, pemikiran dari Toru Kumon berkembang dan membawa dampak positif dan dampak negatif. Dampak positif dan dampak negatif tersebut dibuktikan melalui wawancara terhadap beberapa siswa Kumon di Kumon Candraloka.

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Kumon Method is a method of learning that founded by Toru Kumon. The method was developed since 1958 in Japan. Now days, The Kumon Method is not only in Japan but also in 46 countries and has 4.2 million students who studying with this method. The method had begun to enter in education of Indonesia since 1993. The numbers of students are approximately 90,000 and there are 522 Kumon classes in Indonesia. Among them, there is Kumon Candraloka, a class located at Bogor. Through Kumon Method, especially in Kumon Candraloka, the thinking of Toru Kumon had been growing and bringing positive and negative effects. The effects were proved through interview with several students at Kumon Candraloka."

"Skripsi ini membahas dampak-dampak negatif dari proyek pertambangan Makassar New Port bagi masyarakat Pulau Kodingareng melalui kajian critical victimology, dan ditopang oleh green criminology dalam membahas dampak lingkungan. Skripsi ini bertujuan untuk melihat dampak negatif yang dirasakan masyarakat Pulau Kodingareng sebagai hasil dari bekerjanya struktur, kebijakan serta melihat relasi Negara dan Hukum terhadap pengalaman viktimisasi masyarakat Pulau Kodingareng. Critical victimology digunakan untuk mempertimbangkan korban-korban kejahatan yang dilakukan oleh Negara dan korporasi, yang di mana ini luput dipertimbangan oleh victimology manstream. Critical victimology dipahami dalam konteks ini sebagai upaya dalam mengkaji perubahan yang perlu dihubungkan dengan keadaan sosial ekonomi dan politik yang lebih luas. Sementara green criminology digunakan untuk menjelaskan bagaimana perilaku manusia menyebabkan dan memperburuk kondisi lingkungan yang mengancam kelangsungan hidup masyarakat Pulau Kodingareng. Dalam penelitian ini, Peneliti berusaha menunjukkan bagaimana dampak-dampak yang dialami masyarakat Pulau Kodingareng dari aktivitas pertambangan Makassar New Port merupakan pengamalan viktimisasi kelompok powerless yang harus dilihat secara serius. Di sisi lain, green criminology melihat kerusakan lingkungan sebagai bentuk penyalahgunaan dan eksploitasi sistem ekologi yang menyebabkan kerusakan jangka panjang yang ditimbulkan oleh negara dan perusahaan. Kerusakan lingkungan bersifat serius dan meluas yang mengancam manusia dan lingkungan.

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This thesis discusses the detrimental impacts of the Makassar New Port mining project for the people of Kodingareng Island through critical victimology studies, and is supported by green criminology in discussing environmental impacts.  This thesis aims to see the detrimental impacts experienced by the people of Kodingareng Island as a result of the work of structures, policies and seeing the relationship between the State and Law to the experience of victimization of the people of Kodingareng Island. Critical victimology is used to consider the victims of crimes committed by the State and the corpora si, which is unconsidered by manstream victimology.

Critical victimology is understood in this context as an attempt to examine changes that need to be linked to broader socioeconomic and political circumstances. Meanwhile, green criminology is used to explain how human behavior causes and worsens environmental conditions that threaten the survival of the people of Kodingareng Island.

In this study, researchers tried to show how the impacts experienced by the people of Kodingareng Island from the Makassar New Port mining activities are the practice of the victimization of powerless groups that must be seen seriously. On the other hand, green criminology sees environmental damage as a form of abuse and exploitation of ecological systems that cause long-term damage inflicted by the state and companies. Environmental damage is serious and widespread that threatens humans and the environment."