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"Latar Belakang: TNF-α dan CXCL16 terlibat dalam patofisiologi endometriosis melalui regulasi respon inflamasi dan pengkode nyeri endometriosis. Peningkatan TNF-α berperan dalam jalur pensinyalan P53 untuk apoptosis. Darah menstruasi sebagai pelepasan jaringan endometrium dapat digunakan dalam mengidentifikasi biomarker untuk diagnosis penyakit endometriosis tanpa memerlukan biopsi. Metode: Sampel darah menstruasi subjek dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan pembalut kertas saring dan jaringan endometrium dikumpulkan dengan melakukan biopsi, yang kemudian diekstraksi DNA dan RNA-nya. Tingkat metilasi DNA diukur dengan menggunakan metode pyrosequencing. Tingkat ekspresi mRNA diukur dengan menggunakan metode qPCR dan dianalisis dengan metode Livak Hasil: Ekspresi mRNA gen TNF-α pada darah menstruasi pasien endometriosis meningkat signifikan 3,73 kali lipat dibandingkan ekspresi pada kontrol (p=0,005). Gen TNF-α mengalami hipermetilasi dan berbeda bermakna dalam darah menstruasi pasien endometriosis dibandingkan kontrol (p=0,008). Sedangkan ekspresi mRNA gen CXCL16 pada darah menstruasi pasien endometriosis meningkat 2,42 kali (p=0,030) dibandingkan ekspresi mRNA darah menstruasi pada kontrol. Gen CXCL16 mengalami hipometilasi (p=0,004). Pada P53 terjadi terjadi peningkatan ekspresi gen P53 1,52 kali. Ekspresi mRNA gen TNF-α dan CXCL16 pada subjek nyeri berat lebih tinggi dibandingkan subjek nyeri sedang, dan terdapat korelasi positive. Kesimpulan: Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan ekspresi mRNA TNF-α dan CXCL16 dalam darah menstruasi pasien endometriosis dapat menjadi penanda langsung untuk mendiagnosis endometriosis. Namun, untuk memvalidasi lebih lanjut temuan ini dan mengeksplorasi potensi sebagai alat diagnostik, penelitian tambahan yang melibatkan kelompok pasien yang lebih besar diperlukan

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Background: TNF-α and CXCL16 are implicated in the pathophysiology of endometriosis through the regulation of inflammatory response and the coding of endometriosis pain. Elevated TNF-α is implicated in the P53 signaling pathway for apoptosis. Menstrual blood, as a discharge of endometrial tissue, presents an opportunity for identifying biomarkers for the diagnosis of endometriosis without resorting to biopsy. Method: Menstrual blood samples were collected using filter paper pads, and endometrial tissues were obtained via biopsy, from which DNA and RNA were extracted. DNA methylation levels were assessed using the pyrosequencing method after bisulfite conversion treatment. Meanwhile, mRNA expression levels were measured using the quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) method and analyzed using the Livak method. Results: The mRNA expression of the TNF-α gene in menstrual blood of endometriosis patients increased significantly by 3.73 times compared to controls (p=0.005). The TNF-α gene exhibited hypermethylation, significantly differing in menstrual blood of endometriosis patients compared to controls (p=0.008). The mRNA expression of the CXCL16 gene in menstrual blood of endometriosis patients increased by 2.42 times (p=0.030) compared to controls, although there was no significant difference in expression between menstrual blood and endometrial tissue in endometriosis patients (p=0.173). The CXCL16 gene displayed hypomethylation (p=0.004). There was an increase in P53 gene expression, which was 1.52 times higher than in control menstrual blood. The mRNA expression of TNF-α and CXCL16 genes in subjects experiencing severe pain was higher than in those with moderate pain, and there was a positive correlation. Conclusion: This study suggests that increased mRNA expression of TNF-α and CXCL16 in menstrual blood of endometriosis patients may serve as direct markers for diagnosing endometriosis. However, further validation of these findings and exploration of their potential as diagnostic tools requires additional studies involving larger patient cohorts."

"Latar belakang: Resistensi progesteron akibat gangguan ekspresi reseptor progesteron pada jaringan endometriosis telah diketahui menjadi faktor yang memperberat kondisi klinis pasien endometriosis. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis tingkat metilasi DNA pada promoter gen PR-B pada berbagai jaringan endometriosis seperti eutopik endometrium, lesi ektopik peritoneum, endometrioma dan darah menstruasi serta pengaruhnya terhadap ekspresi mRNAnya dibandingkan dengan kontrol endometrium normal; untuk mengetahui patomekanisme endometriosis pada berbagai lokasi terkait dengan resistensi progesteron.Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain potong lintang yang melibatkan 20 sampel untuk masing-masing kelompok kasus dan kontrol. Tingkat metilasi DNA dari gen PR-B diukur menggunakan metode Methylated Specific PCR MSP lalu intensitas pita di dalam gel agarose dihitung dengan software ImageJ. Presentase intensitas pita pada sampel dibandingkan dengan kontrol positif disebut dengan tingkat metilasi DNA. Pengukuran ekspresi relatif mRNA PR-B menggunakan qRT-PCR dua tahap dan analisis dilakukan dengan metode Livak.Hasil: Dari penelitian ini didapatkan perbedaan bermakna antara tingkat metilasi DNA gen PR-B pada jaringan endometriosis ektopik peritoneum 72,4 termetilasi , endometrioma 85 termetilasi dan eutopik endometrium 72,21 termetilasi dibandingan dengan kontrol p

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Background: Progesterone resistance, due to alteration of progesterone receptor PR expression in endometriosis, was known as a disrupt factor in response to progesterone. The aim of this study is to analyze DNA methylation level on PR B promoter in various tissues include eutopic endometrium, ectopic peritoneal, endometrioma and menstrual blood from endometriosis patient as well as the implication on it's mRNA relatif expression compare with normal endometrium control to know the patomechanisms of endometriosis in various lession in term of progesterone resistance.

Methods: It was a cross sectional study, involved 20 sample for both patient and control. DNA isolate from each sample were converted by bisulfite conversion. DNA methylation level of PR B gene was analysis by Methylated Specific PCR MSP method, then band intensity in gel agarose was measured by ImageJ software. Percentage of band intensity in sample compared with positive control was determined as DNA methylaton level. Quantitative real time PCR was conducted to assess expression of mRNA PR B for each sample and Livak method was used to analysis it's relatif expression compare with control.

Result: There were significant different of methylation level of PR B gene in ectopic peritoneal endometriosis 72,40 methylated , endometrioma 85 methylated and eutopic endometrium 72,21 methylated compared with control p"