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"Peningkatan jumlah penduduk di kota-kota besar seperti Bekasi berbanding lurus dengan peningkatan kebutuhan akan jasa, termasuk jasa pencucian pakaian (laundry). Industri laundry, meskipun memberikan kemudahan mampu menghasilkan limbah cair yang yang dapat mencemari lingkungan jika tidak dikelola dengan baik. Salah satu solusi pengolahan limbah yang ramah lingkungan dan efektif adalah penggunaan constructed wetland. Penelitian ini mengevaluasi kinerja constructed wetland dengan menggunakan tanaman Azolla microphylla dalam mengolah air limbah laundry. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah (1) Mengevaluasi karakteristik air limbah laundry yang berasal dari effluent Berkah Laundry pada free water surface constructed wetland dengan tanaman paku air (Azolla microphylla) pada biomassa, laju pertumbuhan relatif, dan kerapatan tanaman. (2) Menganalisis efisiensi penyisihan BOD5 dan COD pada free water surface constructed wetland dengan menggunakan tanaman paku air (Azolla microphylla). (3) Mengevaluasi kinetika laju penguraian dengan nilai-nilai konstanta tingkat penyisihan massa (r), tingkat penyisihan areal (kA), dan tingkat penyisihan volumetrik (kV) pada free water surface constructed wetland dengan tanaman paku air (Azolla microphylla). Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu uji eksperimental skala pilot. Penelitian ini menggunakan 2 (reaktor) yaitu dengan luas penutup tanaman Azolla microphylla 40% dan luas penutup tanaman Azolla microphylla 60%. Aklimatisasi tanaman dilakukan secara bertahap sampai kondisi tunak (steady state) selama 12 hari. Waktu tinggal yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, dan 21 hari. Debit yang digunakan sebesar 45,79 m3 /hari. Karakteristik air limbah yang diolah memiliki konsentrasi BOD55 272,25 mg/L, dan COD 431,62 mg/L. Efisiensi penyisihan BOD55 pada luas penutup 40% sebesar 11,1%-17,0%, COD sebesar 14,5%-39,0% dan luas penutup 60% BOD55 sebesar 18,3%-31,8%, COD sebesar 22,3%-39,8%. Konstanta penyisihan massa (r) BOD5 pada luas penutup 40% dengan rata-rata 5720 gr/m2/hari, luas penutup 60% dengan ratarata 9618 gr/m2/hari, konstanta tingkat penyisihan areal (kA) pada luas penutup 40% sebesar 28,94 m2/hari dan luas penutup 60% sebesar 45,00 m2/hari, konstanta tingkat penyisihan volumetrik (kV) dengan luas penutup 40% sebesar 0,06/hari, dan luas penutup 60% sebesar 0,09/hari.

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The increase in population in big cities like Bekasi is directly proportional to the increase in demand for services, including laundry services. The laundry industry, although providing convenience, can produce liquid waste that can pollute the environment if not managed properly. One environmentally friendly and effective waste treatment solution is the use of constructed wetland. This study evaluates the performance of constructed wetland using Azolla microphylla plants in treating laundry wastewater. The objectives of this study are (1) Evaluate the characteristics of laundry wastewater from Berkah Laundry effluent in free water surface constructed wetland with water fern (Azolla microphylla) on biomass, relative growth rate, and plant density. (2) Analyzing the removal efficiency of BOD5 and COD in free water surface constructed wetland using Azolla microphylla. (3) Evaluate the kinetics of decomposition rate with the values of mass removal rate constant (r), areal removal rate (kA), and volumetric removal rate (kV) in free water surface contructed wetland with Azolla microphylla. The research method used was a pilot scale experimental test. This study used 2 reactors, namely with a cover area of 40% Azolla microphylla plants and a cover area of 40% Azolla microphylla plants. Azolla microphylla plant cover area of 60%. Plant acclimatization was carried out gradually until steady state for 12 days. The residence times used in this study were 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, and 21 days. The discharge used was 45.79 m3/day. The characteristics of the treated wastewater have a concentration of BOD5 272.25 mg/L, and COD 431.62 mg/L. BOD5 removal efficiency at 40% cover area of 11.1%-17.0%, COD of 14.5%-39.0% and 60% cover area BOD55 of 18.3%-31.8%, COD of 22.3% - 39.8%. Mass removal constant (r) BOD5 at 40% cover area with an average of 5720 gr/m2/day, 60% cover area with an average of 9618 gr/m2/day, areal removal rate constant (kA) at 40% cover area of 28.94 m2/day, 40% cover area amounted to 28.94 m2/day and 60% cover area amounted to 45.00 m2/day, constant volumetric removal rate (kV) with 40% cover area of 0.06/day. 40% cover area was 0.06/day, and 60% cover area was 0.09/day"

"Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Maret--Juni 2013 di Hutan Mangrove Pancer Cengkrong, Trenggalek, Jawa Timur. Penelitian bertujuan untuk memperoleh informasi komposisi vegetasi, potensi stok karbon, produksi, laju dekomposisi dan kontribusi nutrisi serasah mangrove. Komposisi vegetasi diukur menggunakan transek kuadran. Stok karbon diestimasi dengan persamaan allometrik. Produksi serasah dihitung menggunakan perangkap serasah ukuran 1x1m2. Laju dekomposisi serasah diukur selama 56 hari dengan pengamatan 2 minggu sekali. Kontribusi serasah ke perairan diperoleh dengan menyaring serasah pada saluran air saat laut surut. Sebanyak 26 spesies telah diidentifikasi (17 mangrove sejati dan 9 mangrove asosiasi). Vegetasi pohon didominasi oleh Sonneratia alba J.E. Smith dengan kerapatan 596 pohon/ha sedangkan anakan dan semai didominasi Ceriops tagal (Perr.) C.B. Robinson (kerapatan 1.745 anakan/ha; 34.745 semai/ha). Stok karbon dan biomassa total di lokasi penelitian masing-masing 185,81 ton/ha dan 400,45 ton/ha (total serapan CO2 sebesar 681,91 ton/ha). Sebagian besar sumbangan stok karbon berasal dari S. alba, Rhizophora apiculata Blume, dan Avicennia alba Blume. Produksi serasah 1,42 g/m2/hari, tersusun atas daun 84%, organ reproduksi 9% dan ranting 7%. Potensi nutrisi serasah 0,4 gC/m2/hari dan 0,012 gN/m2/hari. Serasah dilepas ke perairan sebesar 11,15 g/m3/hari. Laju dekomposisi serasah daun paling cepat ialah R. apiculata (0,20 g/hari). Nilai nutrisi tertinggi terdapat pada S. alba dengan rasio C:N 62,90.

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Research has been conducted in March--June 2013 on the Mangrove Forest Cengkrong Pancer, Trenggalek, East Java. The objectives were to obtain information of vegetation composition, potential carbon stocks, production, decomposition rates, and nutrient contribution of mangrove litter. There were 50 quadrants on tree stations for vegetation analysis. Potential carbon stock was calculated by allometric equations. Littertrap size 1x1 m2 used to calculate litter production. Decomposition rate calculated for 56 days by once observation in two weeks. Litter contribution to waters was obtained by filtering water channel at low tide. The total of 26 species were identified (17 true mangroves and 9 association mangroves). The vegetation dominated by Sonneratia alba J.E. Smith (596 trees/ha) while the saplings and seedlings dominated by Ceriops tagal (Perr.) C.B. Robinson (1,745 saplings/ha; 34,745 seedlings/ha). Total biomass were 400.45 ton/ha and carbon stocks 185.81 ton/ha (CO2 uptake 681,91 ton/ha). The carbon stocks were donated from S. alba, Rhizophora apiculata Blume, dan Avicennia alba Blume. The production of litter was 1.42 g/m2/day consisting of leaves 84%, reproductive organs 9%, and twigs 7% respectively. The litter contained 0.4 gC/m2/day and 0.012 gN/m2/day. In addition 11.15 g/m3/day litters flow towards the waters during high tide. The fastest decomposition rate of leaf litter was R. apiculata (0.20 g/day). While the highest nutritional value from S. alba with C:N ratio of 62.90."