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"In achieving and securing national interests, diplomacy always plays significant role. In its implementation, the state uses all of its nationally available resources including military, economy, politics, intelligence and any other resources available. The use of military as an instrument in diplomacy is inevitable. The general consensus is that negotiation forms a core component of diplomacy. Winning in negotiation, therefore, can be likened to winning in diplomacy. In order to gain leverage during negotiations, gaining a better bargaining position is an important requirement and this strongly relies on a nation's power of which one of the key components is the military. In this regard, the military power cannot be separated from state diplomacy. This research is designed to understand the role of Indonesia's defense diplomacy in achieving national interests. The objectives of this research are: First, to analyze the role of Indonesian defense diplomacy in achieving national interests and how to optimize it, and secondly, to analyze the factors that influence this role. This research employs qualitative method. All data is obtained through observation, interviews and literature studies. Data analysis is carried out simultaneously with data collection when the researcher is in the field. The research location is at Jakarta City. We can draw two conclusions from the result of the research: 1) The role of defense diplomacy in achieving national interests has not been optimal and its achievements are still limited to defense issues only; 2) Factors influencing the role of defense diplomacy include the capacity and capability of Indonesian Armed Forces (TNI), cooperation between agencies, and formulation of diplomacy strategy."

"Indonesia is one of the countries which has many maritime security issues that needs to be managed appropriately through defense diplomacy approach, including the ASEAN framework. ADMM Plus on Maritime Security as the highest defense forum and dialog in ASEAN on maritime security issues is expected to be able to build confidence building measures and mutual trust between ASEAN member states and non-member states in solving maritime security issues. However, some goals have not been achieved due to many complex problems on maritime security in domestic sphere. This paper will use securitization theory, defense diplomacy concept, and maritime security concept for analyzing the maritime security issues in Indonesia which need securitization for supporting its defense diplomacy at ADMM Plus on Maritime Security. However, the securitization progress faced several challenges coming from various aspects, especially the habit of political leaders that only use maritime security as political instrument without concerning to the real security issues."

"ABSTRACTBrunei Darussalam merupakan negara yang kaya akan sumber daya alam seperti minyak bumi dan gas alam. Sumber pendapatan negaranya sangat bergantung pada sektor migas. Ketika harga minyak dunia turun, hal ini juga berpengaruh pada perekonomian Brunei Darussalam sehingga pemerintah Brunei Darussalam memangkas anggaran pertahanannya pada tahun 2015 sebesar 25%. Namun, pada tahun 2018, anggaran pertahanan Brunei Darussalam mencapai B$ 492,754,700, meningkat 12,9% dari anggaran tahun sebelumnya. Penelitian ini berfokus kepada sektor migas Brunei Darussalam yang memiliki pengaruh terhadap anggaran pertahanan Brunei Darussalam. Besaran anggaran pertahanan suatu negara akan mempengaruhi kekuatan pertahanan, termasuk aktivitas diplomasi pertahanan didalamnya. Konsep yang digunakan untuk menganalisis studi ini adalah konsep diplomasi pertahanan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat key results area dalam pertahanan Brunei Darussalam, yaitu integritas wilayah, kapasitas militer, mendukung pendekatan whole-of-nation, diplomasi pertahanan yang efektif, keterlibatan militer dalam misi internasional, sumber daya manusia berkualitas tinggi, dan image pertahanan yang berwibawa dan kredibel."

"Brunei Darussalam is a country rich of natural resources, especially oil and natural gas. The country's income source is highly dependent on oil and gas sector. The fall of world oil price had an impact on Brunei Darussalam’s economy and the government decided to cut off 25% of its defense budget in 2015. However, in 2018, Brunei Darussalam's defense budget reached B$ 492,754,700, a 12.9% increase from the previous year's budget. This research focuses on Brunei Darussalam’s oil and natural gas sectors which have an impact on its defense budget. The amount of a country's defense budget will affect its defense power, including its defense diplomacy activities. This study employs the concept of defense diplomacy. This study finds that there are several key results areas in the defense of Brunei Darussalam government, such as territorial integrity, support toward "whole-of-nation" approach, effective defence diplomacy, military involvement in international missions, high standard of human resource capacity, as well as respected and credible image of the defense organisation."

"Illegal Immigrant is a common problem between Indonesia and Australia. However, in handling the problem in sea border, Indonesia take a humanitarian approach while Australia take security approach through Operation Sovereign Border that had resulted to diplomatic confrontation. Therefore, this study focus on analyzing synergy of the two countries in dealing with illegal immigrant in sea border area. This study uses national security, migration as security issue to analyze national interest. Cooperative security, defense diplomacy, synergy concept and naval diplomacy theory to analyze defense diplomacy implementation as a whole. The approach of this study is qualitative method through data collection processed by software NVivo which are beneficial for coding, triangulation, and finding relations among interviewees while Soft System Methodology used as data analysis technique consist of seven steps that are very comprehensive in explaining the whole study. The results of this study showed the two countries have not synergized yet. Indonesia and Australia have common non-traditional security interests and different traditional security interests because Indonesia has a territorial importance base opposed to Australian immigration interests. Indonesia and Australia have been doing bilateral defense diplomacy through 2 + 2 Dialogue, Defense Ministers Meeting and Navy to Navy Talk but have not produced a concrete solution, therefore sharing responsibility and Confidence Building Measures have not been achieved. Thus, naval diplomacy is required to support defense diplomacy through coordinated patrols that Standard Operating Procedure and Standard Exercise Procedure must be formulated in order to achieve interests of both countries."

"In a security perspective, the territory of Indonesia and the Southeast Asia region as a whole are strategic areas in economic, political and military aspects. This condition also has complex potential challenges and risks for creating tension among countries. After the Korean War and World War II the development of the crisis on the Korean Peninsula continued. North Korea chose to build and to increase its military capabilities. Indonesia as one of the adjacent countries to the Korean Peninsula, could get an impact to the sovereignty and security of the country. Especially caused by North Korea’s nuclear testing activities. This study aims to determine the form of Indonesian Defense Diplomacy and how the roles of the involved actors in responding to the issue. By using qualitative research methods, this study discusses the issue with constructivist theory and the concept of defense diplomacy for the analysis. The result of this research is a form of Indonesian defense diplomacy in response to the crisis on the Korean Peninsula"

"ABSTRACT"

"ABSTRAKTesis ini memaparkan kepentingan India dan Indonesia terkait dengan keberlanjutan patroli terkoordinasi di perbatasan maritim kedua negara di kawasan Samudera Hindia. Pada awalnya, patroli terkoordinasi yang dimulai pada 2002 tersebut ditujukan untuk menghadapi ancaman pembajakan yang diduga dilakukan oleh Gerakan Aceh Merdeka GAM di pintu masuk Selat Malaka dan Laut Andaman. Pasca perjanjian damai Helsinki 2005, pemerintah Indonesia dan GAM sepakat untuk berdamai. Namun, hal itu tidak serta-merta menghentikan kerja sama patroli terkoordinasi oleh kedua negara hingga saat ini. Bahkan, kedua negara semakin meningkatkan hubungan bilateral mereka dengan mendeklarasikan ldquo;Kemitraan Strategis Baru rdquo; pada November 2005. Untuk menganalisis fenomena tersebut, penulis menggunakan konsep diplomasi pertahanan dan kepentingan nasional sebagai landasan kerangka pemikiran. Sementara itu, dalam penelitian ini penulis menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan desain deskriptif sehingga temuan penelitian dapat dijelaskan secara lebih mendalam. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa dari perspektif India, negara itu memiliki kepentingan terhadap Indonesia yang didorong oleh kebijakan Look East Policy. India memanfaatkan posisi strategis Indonesia di ASEAN untuk memperkuat pengaruh mereka di kawasan Asia Tenggara. Sedangkan dari perspektif Indonesia, negara itu memiliki kepentingan agar India bersedia melakukan Transfer of Technology dan suplai persenjataan dibidang alat pertahanan guna mengurangi ketergantungan Indonesia terhadap Amerika Serikat.

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ABSTRACTThis thesis describes the interests of India and Indonesia related to the sustainability of coordinated patrols at the maritime border of the two countries in the Indian Ocean region. Initially, the coordinated patrol that was started in 2002 was aimed at facing the threat of piracy allegedly committed by the Free Aceh Movement at the entrance of the Malacca Strait and the Andaman Sea. After the 2005 Helsinki peace agreement, the Indonesian government and the Free Aceh Movement agreed to make peace. However, it does not necessarily stop the coordinated patrols between the two countries to date. In fact, the two countries further improved their bilateral relationship by declaring New Strategic Partnership in November 2005. To analyze the phenomenon, the author uses the concept of defense diplomacy and national interest as conceptual frameworks. Meanwhile, in this thesis, the author uses qualitative method with descriptive design so that the research findings can be explained in more deeply. The results show that from an Indian perspective, India has an interest in Indonesia that is driven by what so called as Look East Policy. India takes advantage of Indonesia 39 s strategic position in ASEAN to strengthen its influence in Southeast Asia. From Indonesian perspective, Indonesia has some interests to make India approves in doing transfer the technology and supply of weaponry to reduce Indonesia 39 s dependence on the United States."

"ABSTRACTSelat Malaka sebagai salah satu selat yang memiliki nilai strategis dalam perdagangan dunia kerap menghadapi berbagai ancaman keamanan non-tradisional. Sesuai dengan UNCLOS, littoral states seperti Indonesia, Singapura, dan Malaysia berkewajiban untuk menjaga keamanan di wilayah perairan Selat Malaka agar perdagangan dan ekonomi dunia tidak terganggu. Penelitian ini menganalisis bagaimana kerangka kerjasama Malacca Straits Patrol (MSP) dibentuk sebagai sebuah kerjasama yang dibentuk oleh littoral states dalam rangka menjaga stabilitas keamanan di wilayah perairan Selat Malaka. Peneliti menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif melalui studi pustaka. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan konsep kerja sama pertahanan dan diplomasi pertahanan. Hasil penelitian menjelaskan bahwa MSP yang terdiri atas Malacca Straits Sea Patrol (MSSP), Eyes-in-the-Sky Combined Maritime Air Patrols (EiS), dan MSP Intelligence Exchange Group (IEG) merupakan salah satu bentuk aktivitas diplomasi pertahanan berupa multilateral contacts between military officials dan multilateral military exercise yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan rasa percaya dan kapabilitas pertahanan masing-masing negara."

"Malacca Strait, as one of the strategic straits in world trade, often face various nontraditional security threats. In accordance with United Nations Convention on the Law of The Sea (UNCLOS), littoral states such as Indonesia, Singapore, and Malaysia are obligated to maintain the security in Malacca Straits, to ensure that world trades and world economic are not disrupted. This study analyzes how the Malacca straits patrol (MSP) framework is formed by littoral states in order to maintain the security stability in Malacca Strait. The authors employ qualitative method through literature study. The obtained data were analyzed using the theory of defense cooperation and concept of defense diplomacy. The results of the study conclude that MSP, which is consisted of the Malacca Straits Sea Patrol (MSSP), "Eyes-in-the-Sky" Combined Maritime Air Patrols (EiS), and the MSP Intelligence Exchange Group (IEG), is classified as a defense diplomacy activity in the form of multilateral contacts between military officials and multilateral military exercises aimed at increasing mutual trust and defense capabilities of each country."