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"Penyelenggaraan Fraksionasi Plasma merupakan salah satu kebijakan yang dilakukan Pemerintah Indonesia dalam rangka memenuhi akses masyarakat terhadap Produk Obat Derivat Plasma (PODP). Sebagaimana diketahui sampai saat ini kesediaan PODP di Indonesia masih 100% impor, hal tersebut menyebabkan PODP masih sulit di akses masyarakat. Permenkes No. 4 tahun 2023 tentang Penyelenggaraan Fraksionasi Plasma merupakan revisi kedua dari peraturan sebelumnya, dimana tidak adanya implementasi yang dicapai pada peraturan-peraturan sebelumnya. Pentingnya melakukan analisis kesiapan kebijakan ini diharapkan dapat memberikan informasi terkait faktor yang berdampak positif dan negatif serta mampu memberikan rekomendasi kepada para pemangku kepentingan agar pelaksanaan implementasi kebijakan penyelenggaraan fraksionasi plasma dapat berjalan dengan baik dan sesuai dengan target waktu yang ditetapkan. Faktor yang mempengaruhi dari implementasi penyelenggaraan fraksionasi plasma tersebut antara lain terkait tata kelola, sistem informasi, teknologi, pembiayaan, sumber daya manusia, layanan, dan politik yang didapati dapat memberikan dampak terhadap keberhasilan implementasi penyelenggaraan fraksionasi plasma lokal sehingga mampu menciptakan kemandirian farmasi dalam rangka mewujudkan pilar ketahanan kesehatan dalam transformasi kesehatan di Indonesia. 

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Implementing Plasma Fractionation is one of the policies carried out by the Government of Indonesia to fulfill public access to Plasma Derivative Medicinal Products (PDMPs). As is well known now, PDMPs readiness in Indonesia is still 100% imported, which causes PDMPs to be difficult for the public to access. Permenkes No. 4/2023 concerning the Implementation of Plasma Fractionation is the second revision of the previous regulation, where implementation has yet to be achieved in the previous regulations. The importance of conducting a policy readiness analysis is expected to provide information regarding factors that have positive and negative impacts and to be able to provide recommendations to stakeholders so that the plasma fractionation implementation policy can run well and in accordance with the set time targets. Factors that influence the implementation of plasma fractionation include governance, information systems, technology, financing, human resources, services, and politics, which are found to have an impact on the successful implementation of local plasma fractionation to create pharmaceutical independence in order to realize pillar of health resilience in health transformation in Indonesia."

"Penggunaan obat golongan statin (penghambat hidroksimetil glutaril-CoA reduktase) sebagai terapi lini pertama pada hiperkolesterolemia dapat menyebabkan terjadinya beberapa reaksi obat yang tidak dikehendaki (ROTD). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menilai risiko penggunaan obat golongan statin terhadap kejadian ROTD pada pasien hiperkolesterolemia di Instalasi Rawat Jalan RSUD Pasar Rebo, Jakarta. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode kohort prospektif pada pasien yang menggunakan atorvastatin dan simvastatin. Data primer diperoleh melalui wawancara dengan menggunakan kuesioner, data sekunder diperoleh melalui rekam medis dan resep yang diterima oleh pasien. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan chi-square dan regresi logistik. Dari penelitian diketahui bahwa ROTD terjadi pada 38.20% pasien yang menggunakan obat golongan statin, kejadian ROTD terbesar adalah gangguan sistem pencernaan (35.45%) dan gangguan sistem saraf (23.64%). Sedangkan ROTD pada otot dan hati masing-masing sebesar 2.73%. Pasien yang menggunakan simvastatin memiliki risiko relatif mengalami ROTD lebih besar jika dibandingkan dengan pasien yang menggunakan atorvastatin (RR: 6.439; CI: 2.963-13.992). Variabel perancu yang secara signifikan mempengaruhi kejadian ROTD adalah aktivitas fisik. Pasien yang mengalami ROTD memiliki risiko relatif lebih besar mengalami putus obat daripada pasien yang tidak mengalami ROTD (RR: 2.554; CI: 1.724- 3.754).

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The use derivate of statin (hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitors) for management of hypercholesterolemia can cause advers drug reactions (ADR). The purpose of this study was to assess the risk of the use of statins on the incidence of ADR in hypercholesterolemic patients in the Outpatient Installation in RSUD Pasar Rebo, Jakarta.

This study was conducted using a prospective cohort to the patients using atorvastatin and simvastatin, the data obtained by interview with questionnaires, medical records, and patient prescriptions. The data collected analyzed using chi-square and logistic regression.

ADR occurred in 38.20% patients who treated with statins, the most often ADR experienced by patient are gastrointestinal disorder (35.45%) and nerve system disorder (23.64%). Muscle and liver disorder experienced by 2.73% patients respectively.

The patients using simvastatin have a greater risk of experiencing ADR compared to atorvastatin (RR: 6.439; CI: 2.963-13.992). Physical activity is the confounding variable significantly influence the incidence of ADR. Patients who experience ADR had a greater risk for experiencing drug withdrawal than patients who did not experience ADR (RR: 2.554; CI: 1.724- 3.754)."

"Glukosamin adalah suatu zat yang dapat disintesis di dalam tubuh yang berguna untuk mempertahankan dan memulihkan kinerja sendi. Seiring bertambahnya usia, kemampuan tubuh untuk mensintesis glukosamin menurun sehingga menyebabkan penyakit osteoartritis. Oleh karena itu, telah berkembang suplemen makanan yang mengandung glukosamin yang telah diakui oleh Food and Drug Administration (FDA) untuk pengobatan osteoartritis. Analisis glukosamin HCl dilakukan untuk memperoleh volume, temperatur, waktu, dan waktu kestabilan reaksi yang optimum pada derivatisasi glukosamin HCl dengan FMOC-Cl menggunakan detektor fluoresensi. Larutan standar glukosamin HCl 1 μg/ml ditambah 50,0 μL 0,2 M dapar dinatrium tetraborat dekahidrat pH 8, kemudian divorteks selama 10 detik, ditambah 360,0 μL pereaksi FMOC-Cl 1 mg/ml, campuran divorteks selama 10 detik, diinkubasi menggunakan termomixer pada 1400 rpm dan temperatur 25°C selama 15 menit, selanjutnya disuntikkan sebanyak 20,0 μL ke alat KCKT. Pemisahan dengan KCKT menggunakan kolom Kromasil® C18 (5 μm; 250 x 4,6 mm) dengan komposisi fase gerak air-asetonitril (40:60) dengan kecepatan alir 1,0 ml/menit. Linieritas pada konsentrasi 100-1000 ng/ml dengan koefisien korelasi (r) 0,9995. Nilai batas deteksi (LOD) sebesar 21,98 ng/ml dan batas kuantitasi (LOQ) sebesar 73,26 ng/ml.

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Glucosamine is a synthesized substance in the human body useful for maintaining and restoring the joint's function. Body's capacity to synthesize glucosamine declines with age thus can cause osteoarthritis. There was development of dietary supplement that contains glucosamine which has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for treatment of osteoarthritis. Glucosamine HCl analysis was performed in order to get optimal volume, temperature, time, and reaction stability time in glucosamine HCl derivation with FMOC-Cl using fluorescence detector. Standard solution of Glucosamine HCl added by 50.0 μl 0.2 M disodium tetraborate decahydrate buffer with pH 8 were homogenized for 10 seconds, then the mixed solution was added by 360.0 μl of 1 mg/ml FMOC-Cl reagent and homogenized for 10 seconds. It was then incubated using termomixer at 1400 rpm and a temperature of 25°C for 15 minutes, then as many as 20.0 μl injected into the High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) instrument. Separation by HPLC using one column of Kromasil® C18 (5 μm; 250 x 4.6 mm) with mobile phase composition of water-acetonitrile (40:60) and flow rate 1.0 ml/minute. Linearity at concentrations of 100-1000 ng/ml with a correlation coefficient (r) 0.9995. The limit of detection (LOD) value was 21.98 ng/ml and the limit of quantitation (LOQ) was 73.26 ng/ml."

"[ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengurangi polutan dalam perairan yang salah satunya disebabkan oleh limbah cair tekstil dengan menggunakan teknik ozonasi katalitik. Digunakan UV254nm dan katalis GAC (Granular Carbon Active) batok kelapa serta batu bara yang akan meningkatkan prosentase penyisihan fenol dan turunannya dalam limbah cair industri tekstil. Perlakuan terbaik untuk penggunaan GAC batok kelapa adalah konfigurasi ozon+GAC100+UV dengan prosentase penyisihan fenol sebesar 95,87%, TOC 29,49% (dari 50,53 mg/L menjadi 35,6 mg/L), dan penyisihan COD 59,46% sedangkan ozon+GAC100 lebih rendah dengan penyisihan fenol sebesar 78,07%, TOC 13,39%, dan COD 58,97%. Sedangkan perlakuan terbaik untuk penggunaan GAC batu bara adalah konfigurasi ozon+GACC50+UV dengan prosentase penyisihan fenol sebesar 88,56%, TOC 32,52% (dari 50,53 mg/L menjadi 34,1 mg/L), dan penyisihan COD 59,63% sedangkan ozon+GACC50 lebih rendah dengan penyisihan fenol sebesar 78,07%, TOC 19,06%, dan COD 57,89%.

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ABSTRACTThe research goal is decreasing water pollution using catalytic ozonation technique because of textile effluent. Adding UV254nm with GAC (Granular Carbon Active) coconut and charcoal in configuration will increase percentage phenol elimination and derivate in textile effluent which got sedimentation tank (active sludge treatment). The result for GAC coconut is ozon+GAC100+UV configuration with percentage phenol elimination 95,87%, TOC 29,49% (from 50,53 mg/L into 35,6 mg/L), and COD 59,46%. In other hand, ozon+GAC100 configuration lower than adding UV with percentage phenol elimination 78,07%, TOC 13,39%, and COD 58,97%. another GAC (charcoal) had a best result is ozon+GACC50+UV with percentage phenol elimination 88,56%, TOC 32,52% (from 50,53 mg/L into 34,1 mg/L), and COD 59,63%. In the fact, without adding UV, ozon+GACC50 has less percentage phenol elimination 78,07%, TOC 19,06%, dan COD 57,89%.;The research goal is decreasing water pollution using catalytic ozonation technique because of textile effluent. Adding UV254nm with GAC (Granular Carbon Active) coconut and charcoal in configuration will increase percentage phenol elimination and derivate in textile effluent which got sedimentation tank (active sludge treatment). The result for GAC coconut is ozon+GAC100+UV configuration with percentage phenol elimination 95,87%, TOC 29,49% (from 50,53 mg/L into 35,6 mg/L), and COD 59,46%. In other hand, ozon+GAC100 configuration lower than adding UV with percentage phenol elimination 78,07%, TOC 13,39%, and COD 58,97%. another GAC (charcoal) had a best result is ozon+GACC50+UV with percentage phenol elimination 88,56%, TOC 32,52% (from 50,53 mg/L into 34,1 mg/L), and COD 59,63%. In the fact, without adding UV, ozon+GACC50 has less percentage phenol elimination 78,07%, TOC 19,06%, dan COD 57,89%.;The research goal is decreasing water pollution using catalytic ozonation technique because of textile effluent. Adding UV254nm with GAC (Granular Carbon Active) coconut and charcoal in configuration will increase percentage phenol elimination and derivate in textile effluent which got sedimentation tank (active sludge treatment). The result for GAC coconut is ozon+GAC100+UV configuration with percentage phenol elimination 95,87%, TOC 29,49% (from 50,53 mg/L into 35,6 mg/L), and COD 59,46%. In other hand, ozon+GAC100 configuration lower than adding UV with percentage phenol elimination 78,07%, TOC 13,39%, and COD 58,97%. another GAC (charcoal) had a best result is ozon+GACC50+UV with percentage phenol elimination 88,56%, TOC 32,52% (from 50,53 mg/L into 34,1 mg/L), and COD 59,63%. In the fact, without adding UV, ozon+GACC50 has less percentage phenol elimination 78,07%, TOC 19,06%, dan COD 57,89%., The research goal is decreasing water pollution using catalytic ozonation technique because of textile effluent. Adding UV254nm with GAC (Granular Carbon Active) coconut and charcoal in configuration will increase percentage phenol elimination and derivate in textile effluent which got sedimentation tank (active sludge treatment). The result for GAC coconut is ozon+GAC100+UV configuration with percentage phenol elimination 95,87%, TOC 29,49% (from 50,53 mg/L into 35,6 mg/L), and COD 59,46%. In other hand, ozon+GAC100 configuration lower than adding UV with percentage phenol elimination 78,07%, TOC 13,39%, and COD 58,97%. another GAC (charcoal) had a best result is ozon+GACC50+UV with percentage phenol elimination 88,56%, TOC 32,52% (from 50,53 mg/L into 34,1 mg/L), and COD 59,63%. In the fact, without adding UV, ozon+GACC50 has less percentage phenol elimination 78,07%, TOC 19,06%, dan COD 57,89%.]"

"ABSTRAKPenemuan antibakteri sangat diperlukan mengingat resistensi bakteri dan adanya efek samping yang tidak dikehendaki. Sementara, sakarin yang dikenal sebagai pemanis sintetik memiliki potensi menjadi kandidat obat baru dikarenakan telah diketahui memiliki banyak aktivitas farmakologi, memungkinkan derivatisasi serta didukung dengan ketersediaannya yang berlimpah dan ekonomis. Pada penelitian ini, dilakukan pengujian in silico secara penambatan molekuler 40 senyawa derivat sakarin terhadap enzim isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase yang bekerja pada ribosom bakteri untuk sintesis protein, DNA gyrase bekerja dengan membuat struktur DNA bakteri lebih stabil selama replikasi dan transkripsi serta dihidrofolat reduktase yang bertanggung jawab dalam pembentukan asam tetrahidrofolat untuk sintesis DNA bakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan 5 besar senyawa terbaik hasil penambatan terhadap ketiga enzim serta mendapatkan situs pengikatan inhibisinya. Penambatan molekuler dilakukan dengan peranti lunak Autodock4 dan Vina. Pemilihan jenis bakteri disesuaikan dengan uji antibiotik standar yakni Staphylococcus aureus yang merupakan indikator bakteri Gram positif, Escherichia coli merupakan indikator bakteri Gram negatif dan Mycobacterium tuberculosis yang tidak termasuk keduanya. Dari hasil penambatan molekular didapatkan 5 senyawa yang memiliki aktivitas inhibisi terbaik secara in silico setiap enzim menggunakan parameter Autodock4 maupun Vina. 5 senyawa ini kemudian divisualisasi untuk melihat interaksi kompleks ligan-enzim.

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ABSTRACTAntibacterial discovery is important because of antibacterial resistance and side effect. In other side, saccharin well known as artificial sweetener has potential to become a novel drug candidate because saccharin have many pharmacological activities, possible to derivatitation, cheap and abundant availability. In this study, we employed in silico docking of 40 saccharin derivatives for determine inhibition activity of isoleucyl tRNA synthetase that work on the bacterial ribosome for protein synthesis DNA gyrase, work by making bacterial DNA structures more stable during replication and transcription and dihydrofolate reductase, responsible for the formation of tetrahydrofolic acid for bacterial DNA synthesis. The research aim to determine 5 best compound from molecular docking results and determine the active site inhibition. Molecular docking has been doing with AutoDock4 and Vina. The selection of bacteria species was adjusted with standard antibiotic test, Staphylococcus aureus which indicator of Gram positive bacteria, Escherichia coli which indicator of Gram negative bacteria and Mycobacterium tuberculosis which not belong both. From the result of molecular docking, 5 compounds was the best inhibition in silico activity in every enzyme using AutoDock4 and Vina. The 5 compounds were then visualized to look ligand enzyme complex interactions."

"ABSTRAK

Penelitian senyawa baru sebagai penghambat DPP-IV untuk agen antidiabetes banyak dilakukan, seperti senyawa turunan asam sinamat. Namun afinitas ikatan senyawa tersebut belum optimal. Pemodifikasian struktur dengan metode in silico berbasis fragmen diperlukan untuk memperbaiki hal tersebut. Tujuan penelitian ini, untuk mendapatkan senyawa baru sebagai penghambat DPP-IV dengan pemodifikasian menggunakan fragmen dan senyawa alternatif yang berpotensi sebagai penghambat DPP-IV berdasarkan kemiripan dengan senyawa hasil modifikasi; menganalisis interaksinya pada makromolekul DPP-IV; memprediksi ADME, toksisitas dan kemudahan sintesis senyawa modifikasi dan senyawa kemiripannya berdasarkan nilai energi ikatan dan konstanta inhibisi. Struktur modifikasi berasal dari fragmentasi  senyawa turunan asam sinamat dan fragmen basis data Zinc yang terlebih dahulu ditapiskan terhadap parameter Rule of Three dan Heavy Atom menggunakan program Knime serta penambatan pada masing-masing situs aktif DPP-IV. Hasil modifikasi ditambatkan ulang dengan program PyRx dan dianalisis lebih lanjut berdasarkan ADME, toksisitas, dan interaksi menggunakan SwissADME dan ProTox-II. Struktur rancangan dicari kemiripannya dengan senyawa-senyawa pada basis data PubChem berdasarkan Tanimoto. Hasil modifikasi diperoleh 133 struktur rancangan. Tiga belas struktur memiliki nilai afinitas yang mendekati penghambat DPP-IV. Berdasarkan hasil penambatan dan analisis, struktur38 serta senyawa 15471581 diprediksikan berpotensi sebagai penghambat DPP-IV

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ABSTRACT

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Research on new compounds as DPP-IV inhibitors for antidiabetic agent have been carried out, such as cinnamic acid derivates. However, their binding affinity have not optimum. Structure modification using in silico fragment-based method is needed to fix it. The aims of this research are to obtain new compound as DPP-IV inhibitor with modification using fragment  and alternative compound that potential as DPP-IV inhibitor based on similarity with the modified compounds; and analyze their interaction in DPP-IV; predict ADME, toxicity, and ease of synthesis based on binding affinity and inhibition constant. Modified structures come from the fragmentation of structure from cinnamic acid derivates and fragments from Zinc database which previously screened against Rule of Three and Heavy Atom using Knime and docked in each DPP-IV active site. The results are docked again with PyRx and analyzed further based on ADME, toxicity, and interactions using SwissADME and ProTox-II. The structures are searched for similarities with compounds in PubChem database based on Tanimoto parameters. The modification result obtained by 133 design structure. Thirteen structures have binding affinity that approach DPP-IV inhibitor. Based on docking and analyze result, structure38 and 15471581 compound are predicted to be potential as DPP-IV inhibitor.

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"Senyawa derivat kuinolin merupakan senyawa heterosiklik yang memiliki aktivitas biologis yang cukup baik seperti aktivitas antioksidan, antimikroba dan antivirus. Pada penelitian ini menggunakan alumunium klorida sebagai katalis yang dapat mempercepat laju reaksi serta hidrogen peroksida digunakan sebagai agen pengoksidasi yang dapat meningkatkan yield produk yang terbentuk. Hasil massa campuran sintesis derivat 1 menggunakan anilin diperoleh sebesar 48,2 mg dan sintesis derivat 2 dengan 4-nitroanlin sebesar 70,72 mg. Keberhasilan pembentukan senyawa derivat kuinolin dikarakterisasi dengan kromatografi lapis tipis, Uji titik leleh, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrophotometer, Ultraviolet- Visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometer and Gas Chromatograph/Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS). Hasil sintesis senyawa derivat kuinolin kemudian diklorinasi menggunakan asam trikloroisosianurat dengan asetonitril (CH3CN). Hasil massa campuran derivat 1 terklorinasi diperoleh sebesar 70,1 mg dan derivat 2 terklorinasi sebesar 93,6 mg. Karakterisasi produk senyawa terklorinasi menggunakan gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Pengujian aktivitas antioksidan digunakan metode DPPH yang ditandai dengan perubahan warna ungu menjadi kuning. Hasil IC50 derivat 1 sebesar 311,5779 ppm, derivat 1 terklorinasi sebesar 276,785 ppm, derivat 2 sebesar 268,1427 ppm dan derivat 2 terklorinasi sebesar 192,8858 ppm.

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Quinoline derivate compounds are heterocyclic compounds that have a good biological activity such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antivirus activity. This study use aluminum chloride as a catalyst that can accelerate the reaction rate and hydrogen peroxide as an oxidizing agent that can increase the yield of the final product. The mass of a mixture of derivate 1 synthesis using aniline was 48,2 mg and the synthesis of derivate 2 with 4- nitroanline was 70,72 mg. The successful formation of quinoline derivate compounds was characterized by thin layer chromatography, melting point, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrophotometer, Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometer and Gas Chromatograph-Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS). The results of the synthesis of quinoline derivatives are then chlorinated using trichloroisocyanuric acid with acetonitrile (CH3CN). The mass of chlorinated derivate 1 mixture was obtained at 70,1 mg and chlorinated derivate 2 was obtained at 93,6 mg. Characterization of chlorinated compound products using Gas Chromatograph-Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS). The DPPH method was used to test for antioxidant activity which was marked by a change in color from purple to yellow. The result of IC50 for derivative 1 was 311.5779 ppm, chlorinated derivate 1 was 276.785 ppm, derivate 2 was 268.1427 ppm and chlorinated derivative 2 was 192.8858 ppm."

"ABSTRAKCalophyllum biflorum Hend. & WS. merupakan tanaman hutan tropis dari keluarga Guttiferae yang banyak terdapat di Indonesia dan di Malaysia. Berbagai jenis Calophyllum digunakan sebagai obat tradisional, antara lain sebagai obat penyakit kulit, rematik, dan kanker.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengisolasi dan menentukan struktur molekul senyawa derivat kumarin dari kulit batang Calophyllum biflorum, serta pengaruhnya terhadap pertumbuhan in vivo tumor transplantabel kelenjar susu mencit C3H.Isolasi senyawa dilakukan dengan cara maserasi serbuk kulit batang Calophyllum biflorum dengan menggunakan pelarut petroleum eter. Senyawa yang dikandung dalam ekstrak petroleum eter dipisahkan dengan kromatografi kolom dengan silika gel sebagai fase diam, campuran petroleum eter dan etil-asetat, sebagai fase geraknya. Pemurnian dilakukan dengan Cara rekristalisasi. Senyawa yang berhasil diisolasi, diidentifikasi menggunakan spektrofotometer ultra ungu dan infra merah, spektrometer 1H-NMR dan '3C-NMR, spektrometer massa, dan diffraksi sinar-X. Berdasarkan data spektrometri, analisis diffraksi sinar-X, dan pustaka, diketahui senyawa tersebut mempunyai kerangka kumarin dan dikenal sebagai senyawa kalanon.Untuk mengetahui pengaruh kalanon terhadap pertumbuhan in vivo tumor transplantabel kelenjar susu, digunakan mencit C3H yang dibagi dalam kelompok kontrol tanpa perlakuan, kelompok kontrol pelarut yang disuntik 0,1 mL pelarut PEG 400, dan 4 kelompok perlakuan masing-masing disuntik 0,1 mL larutan kalanon dalam PEG 400 dengan dosis 1 mg/mL, 2 mg/mL, 4 mg/mL, dan 8 mg/mL. Penyuntikan secara subkutis di sekitar tumor dilakukan tiga kali seminggu selama 4 minggu. Dari hasil uji statistik non parametrik menurut metode Friedman terhadap besar tumor dan dari grafik pertumbuhan besar tumor rata-rata setiap minggu, terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna antara kelompok dosis 4 mg/mL dibandingkan dengan kedua kelompok kontrol dan kelompok dosis lainnya. Hal ini didukung oleh gambaran morfologis sediaan mikroskopis dengan pewarnaan hematoksilin-eosin.

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ABSTRACT

Calophyllum biflorum belongs to the Guttiferae family, found in tropical rain forests in Indonesia and Malaysia. Many of the calophyllum species are used as traditional medicine by local people, among other things for treatment of skin disease, rheumatism, and cancer.

The aim of this study was to isolate and determine the molecular structure of coumarin derivate from the stem bark of C. biflorum and it's effect on the in vivo growth of a transplantable C3H mammary tumor cells.

Isolation of the compounds were done by maceration of stem bark powder of C. bifiorum in petroleum ether. The compounds in petroleum ether extract were separated by column chromatography using silica gel as the stationary phase, petroleum ether and ethyl acetate mixture as the mobile phase. Purification of this compound was done by recrystallization. The pure compound was identified by using UV and IR. spectrophotometers, IH-NMI and 13C-NMR, mass spectrometer, and x-ray diffraction spectroscopy. Based on the data obtained, it was concluded that the compound has a coumarin skeleton and was known as calanone.

To know the effect of calanone on the in vivo growth of transplantable C3H mammary tumor cells, C3H mice were used which were divided into : one group of untreated control, one group of solvent control (injected with 0,1 mL PEG 400) and four treated groups, each of which were injected subcutaneously nearby the tumor with 0,1 mL of 1 mg/mL, 2 mg/mL, 4 mg/mL, and 8 mglmL of calanone in PEG 400 solvent respectively. The injection were given three times a week, for four weeks. By using Friedman test, for non parametric statistical analysis of the weekly observed tumor volume, and from the graphic of the weekly mean tumor volume of each group , it was shown that there was a significant decrease in the tumor growth of the group treated with calanone solution of 4 mg/mL dosage, compared to the control or other groups. This effect can also be seen histopathologically on the hematoxylin-eosin microscopic specimens."

"ABSTRAKOksazolon merupakan golongan senyawa heterosiklik dengan lima atom penyusun. Oksazolon telah diteliti manfaatnya sebagai senyawa prekusor dan senyawa dengan aktivitas biologis. Senyawa ini umumnya disintesis dengan mendehidrasi asetilglisin atau benzoilglisin kemudian mengkondensasinya dengan benzaldehid. Reaksi ini menggunakan katalis anhidrida asetat dan natrium asetat anhidrat. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mensintesis asetilglisin dan 4-(4?-hidroksi-3?-metoksibenzilidena)-2-metiloksazol-5-on yang merupakan turunan dari senyawa benzilidena oksazolon. Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam dua tahapan. Pada tahap pertama dilakukan sintesis asetilglisin dengan mereaksikan glisin dengan anhidrida asetat. Pada tahap kedua dilakukan sintesis oksazolon dengan mereaksikan asetilglisin, yang telah diperoleh dari tahap pertama, dengan vanilin. Hasil sintesis diisolasi dan dimurnikan dengan proses rekristalisasi. Uji kemurnian dilakukan dengan kromatografi lapis tipis dan pengujian jarak lebur. Struktur senyawa yang telah murni dielusidasi dengan metode spektrofotometri UV-Vis, spektroskopi inframerah, dan spektroskopi 1H-NMR. Pada penelitian ini telah berhasil diisolasi serbuk berwarna kuning. Kemurnian ditunjukkan oleh kromatogram dengan bercak tunggal dan jarak lebur, yaitu 76-78°C. Interpretasi data elusidasi struktur tidak menunjukkan senyawa yang diharapkan, melainkan 4-formil-2-metoksifenilasetat dengan randemen sebesar 1,82%.

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ABSTRACTOxazolone is one of five members heterocyclic compounds. Oxazolone has been studied for its purpose as precursor and biologically active compound. This compound is generally synthesized by dehydrating the acetylglycine or benzoylglycine then condensing them with benzaldehyde. This reaction uses acetic anhydride and sodium acetate anhydrous as catalyst. The objective of this research was to synthesize acetylglycine and 4-(4?-hydroxy-3?-methoxybenzylidene)-2-methyloxazol-5-one which is a benzylidene oxazolone derivate. This research was done in two steps. In the first step, the acetylglycine was synthesized by reacting glycine with acetic anhydride. In the second step, the oxazolone was synthesized by reacting the acetylglycine which had been obtained from the first step with vanillin. The product was isolated and purified by recrystallization. The purity test was done by thin layer chromatography and melting range determination. The structure of pure compound was elucidated by spectrophotometry UV-Vis, infrared spectroscopy, and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. In this research, the yellow solid had been isolated. The purity was shown by the single-spot chromatogram and melting range, said 76-78°C. The interpretation of structure elucidation data didn?t show the expected compound, otherwise it was 4-formyl-2-methoxyphenylacetate and the yield was 1,82%."