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"This volume brings together the results of international and interdisciplinary long-term studies on the new desert ecosystem and is divided into four main sections. The first section provides an overview of the physical characteristics of the area and covers geological, pedological, geomorphological and climatological aspects and their dynamics, especially dust-storm dynamics. The second focuses on the biotic aspects and highlights the spatial and temporal patterns of the flora and fauna. In the third section studies and projects aiming to combat desertification by phytomelioration and to develop strategies for the conservation of biodiversity are presented. The book is rounded off with a section providing a synthesis and conclusions."

"ABSTRAKPada jurnal yang berjudul ldquo;Kunafah : Makanan Penutup Khas Palestina rdquo; ini, dibahas beberapa hal tentang hidangan penutup khas Palestina, khususnya Kunafah. Pada penyusunan jurnal ini, Metode yang digunakan adalah metode sejarah dengan menggunakan tinjauan pustaka dari beberapa buku teks dan e-book. Teori pada penulisan ini adalah teori antropologi budaya yang berkaitan dengan wujud kebudayaan fisik berupa hasil dari kreatifitas, aktivitas, atau karya manusia, yang dalam hal ini merupakan makanan manis khas orang Palestina. Negara Palestina merupakan tempat yang cocok bagi mereka yang menyukai makanan manis. Di Palestina terdapat berbagai hidangan penutup berupa kue-kue yang terbuat dari olahan tepung, keju manis, kurma, dan berbagai kacang-kacangan seperti kacang almond, kenari, dan pistacio. Salah satu hidangan penutup yang paling terkenal dan paling disukai adalah Kunafah yang berasal dari Kota Nablus di Tepi Barat Palestina. Kunafah adalah makanan manis berupa kue dan keju lembut yang dilengkapi dengan kacang-kacangan, madu manis, dan sirup gula. Kunafah telah menjadi bagian penting dalam kebudayaan masyarakat Palestina. Hidangan ini dapat dijumpai di berbagai acara maupun perayaan seperti wisuda, pernikahan, ulang tahun, pertemuan keluarga besar, atau sekadar menemani saat ndash; saat santai penduduk Palestina. Kunafah juga disajikan dengan proses dan bentuk yang beragam. Hingga saat ini kelezatan Kunafah telah dinikmati oleh masyarakat Timur Tengah lainnya dan juga masyarakat Internasional. Meski saat ini Kunafah lazim dinikmati di berbagai negara, Kota Nablus tetap menjadi tuan rumah bagi Kunafah terbaik di dunia.

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ABSTRACT

Within the paper entitled ldquo Kanafeh The Palestinian Dessert rdquo , it discuss a few things about Palestinian desserts, especially Kanafeh. To conduct this research, the author used historical method by doing literature review from several texts and e books. The theory used in this paper is a theory of cultural anthropology that deals with the form of physical culture as the result of creativity, activity, or work of man, which in this case is the Palestinian Dessert. Palestine is a great place for those who like sweet treats. In Palestine there are many desserts and pastries made from refined flour, sweet cheese, dates, and various nuts such as almond, walnut, and pistacio. One of the most famous dessert and most favored is Kanafeh, originated from Nablus on the West Bank of Palestine. Kanafeh is a soft melted cheese within a sweet cake which ornamented with nuts, honey, and sweet syrup. Kanafeh has become an important part of the Palestinian culture. This dish can be found in various events and celebrations of the Palestinian, such as weddings, graduations, birthdays, family gatherings, or simply as a company in their relaxing moments. Kanafeh is also served in various processes and forms. Up to this point, the delightful Kanafeh are being enjoyed by other Middle Eastern communities and also the international community. Although currently Kanafeh might be found in various countries, the city of Nablus remains as the home to the world 39 s finest Kanafeh."

"ABSTRAKFor almost 60 years, the International Committee of the Red Cross ICRC has been doing its best to provide humanitarian assistance to those groups in Iraq that need it most. This article describes the humanitarian operations of the ICRC in Iraq from 1950 to the present day, in particular the support it has given to different minorities inthe country and its humanitarian responses to the various armed conflicts. It shows that the legal framework that provides the basis for the ICRCs humanitarian activities also limits its ability to take action in situations beyond the scope of its mandate. In armed conflicts the ICRC faces the risk of being used by governments for their own ends. The challenge for the ICRC is to strike a balance between meeting itstreaty based obligations and exercising its right of humanitarian initiative, and to avoid selecting the recipients of its aid on the sole basis of opportunities made available by governments."

"Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mencari tahu pengaruh dari jarak waktu terhadap tingkat pemberian hukuman. Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut, peneliti mencoba mereplikasi studi dari 2 penelitian sebelumnya, yaitu penelitian Carlsmith, Darley, dan Robinson (2002) tentang motif hukuman, dan penelitian Eyal, Trope, dan Liberman (2008), tentang jarak waktu. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain Survey Eksperimen dan menggunakan modifikasi dari instrument penelitian Eyal, Trope, dan Liberman (2008). Penelitian ini melibatkan 119 masyarakat umum, yang berdomisili di daerah Jabodetabek. Setelah data diolah dalam SPSS menggunakan metode Chi square, ditemukan bahwa hasil penelitian tidak signifikan χ 2 (1, N= 2,215, p>.01), yang berarti tidak ada hubungan antara jarak waktu dan perilaku menghukum. Hasil diduga tidak signifikan dikarenakan kegagalan instrument penelitian untuk memberikan efek jarak waktu kepada partisipan, dan kurangnya pertimbangan kepada perspektif pihak ketiga dalam pengambilan keputusan. ......The purpose of this study is to find out the effect of temporal distance on the level of punishment. To achieve this goal, the researcher tried to replicate 2 previous studies, namely Carlsmith, Darley, and Robinson (2002) research on punishment motives, and Eyal, Trope, and Liberman (2008) research about time intervals. This study used an Experimental Survey design and used research instruments with modifications from the Eyal, Trope and Liberman (2008). This study involved 119 participants from general public, who live in the Greater Jakarta area. After the data were processed in SPSS using the Chi square method, it was found that the results of the study were not significant χ2 (1, N = 2,215, p> .01), which means there is no relationship between the temporal distance and the level of punishment. The results are thought to be insignificant due to the failure of the research instrument to provide the effect of time intervals to participants, and the lack of consideration for the perspective of third parties in decision making."

"This book offers a concise but comprehensive introduction to desert ecology and adopts a strong evolutionary and applied focus. Deserts are defined by their arid conditions. Deserts are widespread and represent surprisingly diverse environments, although it is their relative simplicity that makes them more tractable for study than more mesic environments. In these resource-poor environments, natural selection is working at its most extreme and provides some of the best-known examples of natural selection. This book covers a wide range of ecological and evolutionary issues including morphological and physiological adaptations of desert plants and animals, species interactions, the importance of competition, facilitation, predation and parasitism, food webs, biodiversity, and conservation. This book features a balance of plant and animal examples, and also addresses topical applied issues such as desertification and invasive species. In this edition, considerable attention is also focused on the effects of climate change and some of its likely effects on deserts. Too much emphasis has been placed on global warming and not global changes per se. While ultimately the world will continue to heat up as fossil fuels are burned, many people struggle to understand that it is human-induced changes in the world rather than a simple case of warming that is likely to occur. Thus, greater variations in temperature and rainfall are also consequences of the ways that we are altering our world. Among these varied effects, desertification is often among the most egregious, leading ultimately to the increasing size of arid and semi-arid regions."

"Isu food desert (kesulitan akses makanan sehat dengan harga terjangkau) merupakan fenomena yang sudah lama melanda sejumlah wilayah di Amerika Serikat. Uniknya, isu ini memiliki keterkaitan erat dengan rasisme karena mayoritas penduduk yang tinggal di wilayah food desert merupakan penduduk kulit hitam, seperti di wilayah selatan kota Memphis yang pada tahun 2019, dijuluki The Hunger Capital of America.  Artikel ini bertujuan untuk untuk memahami perancangan dan penerapan solusi terhadap isu food desert di wilayah selatan kota Memphis menggunakan lensa konsep local food network dan just sustainability. Penelitian ini juga bertujuan untuk menganalisis bagaimana kesadaran ras dan kelas diintegrasikan dalam solusi yang dirumuskan komunitas lokal, mengingat mayoritas penduduk yang tinggal di wilayah food desert adalah penduduk kulit hitam dalam golongan kelas menengah ke bawah. Terkait dengan aspek berkelanjutan dari konsep just sustainability, penelitian ini juga akan mengevaluasi bagaimana program seperti farmers market dan dapur komunitas yang berupa praktik non-komersial, dapat menjadi solusi isu food desert yang efektif dan dapat dipertahankan dalam jangka panjang.......The issue of food desert (difficulty in accessing healthy food at affordable prices) is a phenomenon that has long plagued a number of regions in the United States. Uniquely, this issue has a close relationship with racism because the majority of the population living in food desert areas are its black population, such as the area of South Memphis, which in 2019, was nicknamed “The Hunger Capital of America”. This article aims to understand the design and implementation of solutions to the food desert issue in South Memphis using the lens of local food network and just sustainability concept. This study also aims to analyze how racial and class awareness are integrated into solutions formulated by local communities, considering that the majority of the population living in the food desert area are black and in the lower middle-class group. Related to the sustainable aspect of the just sustainability concept, this study will also evaluate how initiatives such as farmer's market and community kitchens in the form of non-commercial practices, can be an effective and sustainable solution to the food desert issue in the long term.  "