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"When at last Japan entered a period of recovery following the prolonged recession in the wake of the collapse of the bubble economy,there was an immediate burgeoning of interest in issues such as disparities in income and the working poor....."

"The purpose of this paper is to shed new light on the first enterprise boom of the 1880s, which marked the beginning of Japan's industrialization, with a special focus on developments in provincial areas. The paper seeks to identify important factors that triggered the boom and to examine its development in provincial areas by probing such aspects as the relationship between nationalism and the ideological thrust toward economic development, the process by which investment funds were procured, and the endowment and tapping of human resources. Major findings are as follows: (1) The ideology of national enrichment was influential not only in Japan's geopolitical center but also in the provinces, where it manifested itself as a combination of nationalist sentiment and aspirations for local development. (2) The most salient feature of provincial enterprise was the strong impetus of local initiative in the procurement of funding and human resources. Local bureaucrats and men of influence often took leading roles. (3) The successful launching of enterprises in provincial areas was facilitated by two factors: the provinces had already grown socially competent to pursue industrialization; and the development of rural industry since the Tokugawa period had made them fairly affluent."

"This paper examines the dismissals of allegedly Communist teaching staff at Japanese universities between 1948 and 1950 (‘red purge’) as one example of developments usually attributed to a ‘reverse course’ in occupation policy. It argues that the red purge came about less as a result of a change in US policy than through Japanese initiative. Based on primary source material, this paper shows that anti-Communism had been an integral part of the thinking of the Occupation's education administrators since 1946. They were, however, careful not to translate this thinking into victimizing action. Rather, a quantitative analysis indicates that, in bringing about an individual's dismissal, factors such as low academic standing were more decisive than political involvement, implying that the purges were not simply ordered from above. Two case studies of purgees, one a philosophy lecturer from Hirosaki Higher School and the other a professor of anatomy at Kyoto Prefectural School of Medicine, serve to corroborate these findings. Assumptions about a reverse course have led to false conceptions about the respective contribution of US and Japanese administrators to late occupation policies. An accurate assessment of the occupation period requires that historians take into account lower-level events and decisions in order to gauge better Japan's role in shaping occupation policy."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran sejarah akuntansi masuk ke negara Indonesia beserta perkembangan yang terjadi dalam dunia akuntansi. Penjabaran sejarah dan perkembangan akuntansi dalam penelitian ini diambil dari studi pustaka atas data data yang ada.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa akuntansi di Indonesia mengalami perkembangan terus menerus sejak masa pasca kemerdekaan yang menjadi awal bagi para akuntan Indonesia mulai memberikan jasa hingga saat ini Krisis moneter di Indonesia yang terjadi di tahun 1997 1998 dan kasus jatuhnya Kantor Akuntan Arthur Andersen sempat menjadi hambatan bagi profesi akuntan di Indonesia. Konvergensi IFRS yang dilakukan memiliki dampak dalam sisi pelaporan dan akuntan dan juga berdampak pada pendidikan akuntansi di Indonesia.

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This study aims to provide history over the years and the development about accounting in Indonesia. To describe that history and development this study using literature study based on the data that have been discovered.

The result of this study shows that accounting in Indonesia grow year by year and that how accountant starts giving service of assurance. The crisis that happened on 1997 1998 in Indonesia and when one of the Big Five Arthur Andersen collapsed become an obstacle to accountant in Indonesia. IFRS Convergence give some affect to financial statement accountant and accounting education in Indonesia."

"Fenomena perpindahan penduduk desa-kota di kota-kota di negara berkembang telah mengakibatkan pertambahan penduduk, khususnya di kota-kota besar. Hal ini karena adanya pengaruh daya dorong dan daya tarik kota, seperti berkembangnya industrialisasi dan terbukanya kesempatan kerja diberbagai sektor lapangan ketja. Perkembangan kota yang pesat dalam dasawarsa terakhir dapat menimbulkan dampak negatif maupun positif seperti kerusakan lingkungan, kelangkaan tanah, kelangkaan sumber air dan penyediaan perumahan dan permukiman serta kesempatan kerja. Sebagai antisipasi dampak di atas, khususnya permukiman dan perumahan telah berkembang kota baru atau perrnukiman skala besar di sekitar kota induk (Jakarta), diantaranya kota baru Bumi Serpong Damai.Sementara itu, studi mengenai masalah pembangunan kota terhadap kualitas hidup masyarakat lokal yang tergusur akibat pembangunan kota relatif masih sedikit.Tujuan penelitian adalah sebagai berikut : (1) Bagaimana dampak proses pembangunan kota baru BSD terhadap pendapatan, kesempatan kerja penduduk asli terkena gusur (2) Apakah penyediaan air bersih dan pengelolaan limbah (sampah), sudah memadai dan tidak merusak Iingkungan (3) Bagaimana dampak interaksi social antara penduduk lokal dengan penduduk kota baru BSD. Untuk mencapai tujuan penelitian di atas, diajukan hipotesis sebagai berikut : ?Pernbangunan kota baru mandiri Bumi Serpong Damai berhubungan dan berdampak terhadap kualitas hidup masyarakat tergusur (asli)"Hasil analisis penelitian pada atas di tiga desa yaitu Rawabuntu, Rawamekar Jaya dan Desa Jelupang, ditemukan kesimpulan bahwa proses pembangunan kota mandiri Bumi Serpong Damai memberi nilai positif dan negatif kepada masyarakat sekitar kota baru tersebut. Dampak positif dan negatif ini ditunjukkan, antara lain:1. Meningkatnya pendapatan masyarakat di desa sekitar Bumi Serpong Damai 1997 dibandingkan 1987 menimbulkan dampak positif. Namun dalam penelitian ini dicatat bahwa masih kurang memberi kesempatan kerja bagi penduduk loka1?

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The impact of Urbanization phenomenon in Development Country is population growth in a big city. The push and pull factors are the issues for a big city as industrial development and job opportunity in any sector of occupation. The rapid growth in the last decade can damage the environment : less land, less water, less housing and less job opportunity. To anticipate the rapid growth of Jakarta, especially for the housing problem there are some satellite towns development around out side Jakarta, Bumi Serpong Damai satellite town for example.

Regardless, there are only a few studies of town development problem to local people who have to move because of that satellite town development.

The aim of this research are :

1. How is the impact of Bumi Serpong Damai process to local people in income and job opportunity.

2. Is there any dean water and good performer rubbish controller available.

3. Is there any social interaction between local people and the Bumi Serpong Damai new city corner.

To achieve the goal, there is a hypothesis for this research : " There is a relation between the development of Bumi Serpong Damai Satellite Town by the quality of live of the people who moved because of the Bumi Serpong Damai development ".

The researches in Rawabuntu, Rawamekar Jaya and Jelupang Villages found that the process in Bumi Serpong Damai satellite town development has positives and negatives value to the people who lived around the Bumi Serpong Damai town."

"Evolusi pembangunan pertanian di negara maju dan di negara berkembang seperti Indonesia, terutama dalam evolusi luas lahan yang dikuasai petani dan jumlah petani menunjukkan tren yang berlawanan. Di negara maju, pembangunan telah meningkatkan luas lahan pertanian per petani dan menurunkan jumlah petani secara nyata. Namun, tren yang sebaliknya terjadi di negara berkembang. Di samping sektor pertanian di Indonesia melemah, hal tersebut merupakan dampak negatif dari industrialisasi yang belum berhasil. Implikasinya adalah Indonesia harus merancang dan merencanakan pembangunan sebagai proses transformasi seluruh sektor ekonomi secara terintegrasi dengan menciptakan pertanian yang kokoh sebagai landasannya. Trasformasi ekonomi harus mencapai target paling tidak setiap penurunan 1% nilai PDB pertanian dalam PDB nasional diikuti oleh penurunan tenaga kerja pertanian minimal 2%. Tenaga kerja yang keluar dari pertanian ini harus mendapat tingkat kesejahteraan atau pen-dapatan yang lebih tinggi dari keadaan sebelumnya agar tingkat kemakmuran petani meningkat dan ekonomi berkembang. Perancangan dan perencanaan transformasi ekonomi yang harus dilandasi oleh karakteristik inheren Indonesia yaitu sebagai negara kepulauan yang sangat kaya akan sumber daya laut dan jumlah penduduk terbesar keempat di dunia sehingga letaknya memiliki potensi tenaga kerja dan pasar yang besar, di sepanjang khatulistiwa dengan iklim tropika sehingga memerlukan daya adaptasi yang tinggi terhadap ciri iklim tropika yaitu basah, panas dan lembap; serta memiliki keragaman budaya yang tinggi sebagai potensi kreativitas di satu pihak tetapi tinggi pula biaya komunikasi dan pengambilan keputusan di pihak lain. "

"Skripsi ini mempunyai fokus pada pembahasan mengenai teori Paul Taylor yang kaitannya dengan perkembangan teknologi dan dampaknya terhadap alam. Respect for Nature merupakan sebuah counter dari paradigma sebelumnya, antroposentrisme, yang mengedepankan manusia sebagai tujuan utama. Respect for Nature merupakan suatu jalan sebagai tolak ukur manusia dalam memandang dan memanfaatkan alam yang mengedepankan keadilan ekologis.

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This thesis has focused on the discussion of the theory Paul Taylor associated with the development of technoligi and their impact on environtment. Respect for Nature is a counter of the previous paradigm, antropocentrism, which emphasizes the human as the main objective. Respect for Nature is a human way as a benchmark in looking forward and take advantage of natural ecological justice."

"The aim of this edited book is to provide health professionals, across a wide variety of specialisms, with a targeted access to evolutionary medicine. Throughout the book, the views of both medical and evolutionary scientists on the latest relevant research is presented with a focus on practical implications. The inclusion of boxes explaining the theoretical background as well as both a glossary for technical terms and a lay summary for non- specialists enable medical researchers, public health professionals, policy makers, physicians, students, scholars and the public alike to quickly and easily access appropriate information. This edited volume is thus relevant to anyone keen on finding out how evolutionary medicine can improve the health and well-being of people. "