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"Atmosfir ruang yang nyaman, menarik dan berkesan adalah sesuatu yang diinginkan pengunjung disamping rasa makanan dan minuman selama mengunjungi suatu café atau restoran. Hal ini sangat mempengaruhi penataan interior dan pencahayaannya. Fungsi cahaya pada café dan restoran bukan hanya secara fungsional dan estetika, namun juga dapat menarik perhatian dan mempengaruhi mood pengunjung.Berbagai macam lampu dan teknik pencahayaan secara konvensional telah banyak dilakukan, namun terkadang masih membatasi keinginan untuk menampilkan pencahayaan yang atraktif, dinamis dan efektif.Light Emitting Diode (LED) merupakan teknologi lampu terbaru yang memberikan solusi pencahayaan baru yang inovatif dengan instalasi yang fleksibel, warna yang excellent (baik sekali) dan umur yang panjang.Cafe dan restoran yang dibahas dalam studi kasus adalah 33 Restoran dan Lounge, Lux Lounge dan restoran Sushi Samba. Masing-masing cafe dan restoran ini menggunakan LED pada pencahayaan interior sesuai dengan kebutuhan ruangnya.Pembahasan topik ini berdasar pada bagaimana teknik pencahayaan LED dan efeknya terhadap suasana interior cafe dan restoran melalui studi kepustakaan dan analisis.Dengan pencahayaan LED melalui sistem dynamic lighting dapat menghasilkan suasana ruang cafe dan restoran yang lebih atraktif dan dinamis. Selain itu, pencahayaan ruang menjadi lebih efektif karena dengan satu macam luminaire bisa menghasilkan berbagai macam suasana yang mempengaruhi dan menarik perhatian pengunjung.

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Cozy, Interesting and impressive in atmosphere of space is one thing desired by visitor besides foods and drinks during visiting a café or restaurant. This case very influences in ordering their interior and lighting design. The function of lighting in a café or restaurant not only for functional and aesthetics, but also for collect attention and influence mood the visitor.

Many kinds of lamp and lighting techniques as convensional do, but sometimes its limited desire to show an attractive, dynamic and effective lighting.

Light Emitting Diode (LED) is the newest lamp technology that gives solution for innovative lighting with flexible installation, excellent color and long lifetime.

The case study of café and restaurant in this topic is 33 Restaurant and Lounge, Lux Lounge and Sushi Samba Restaurant. Each places using LED for their interior lighting as their spaces needed.

This topic is about how LED lighting techniques and its effect for ambience or atmosphere interior café and restaurant space through literacy study and analysis.

With LED lighting through dynamic lighting system can produce an attractive and dynamic atmosphere of cafe and restaurant. Beside that, lighting design will be more effective because with one type of luminaire can produce many kind of ambiences that influence and attract visitor attention."

"Sampai saat ini riset untuk aplikasi single photon timing dan single photon counting masih terus dilakukan. Dalam perkembangan riset di bidang single photon detector dan single photon generation juga terus dilakukan, salah satu single photon detector berbahan silikon yang paling pesat perkembangannya adalah Single Photon Avalanche Diode (SPAD). Riset terakhir mengenai SPAD dengan luas aktif area sebesar 120 nm menghasilkan timing response detektor sebesar 144 ps. Untuk menghasilkan rancangan struktur SPAD berbahan silikon dengan timing response dibawah 144 ps, maka pada tesis ini akan dirancang dan disimulasikan SPAD berskala nano untuk memperkecil aktif area. Landasan perancangan adalah hetrostructure silicon nanowire berdiameter 20 nm dengan struktur p-i-n sehingga diharapkan pada daerah deplesi akan terjadi peningkatan carrier generation. Dengan demikian proses distribusi avalanche oleh carrier generation setelah pemicuan foton tunggal semakin cepat sehingga timing response akan semakin cepat. Perhitungan timing response dipengaruhi oleh empat parameter, yaitu probabilitas foton yang diserap pada daerah netral (??Pn), waktu respon yang dibutuhkan elektron pada daerah deplesi untuk berdistribusi ke daerah sensitif detektor (??Paval(t)), Fungsi ?? dan waktu difusi terbatas untuk carrier photogenerated di daerah netral (Pdiff(t)). Dari analisa hasil simulasi perancangan terbukti bahwa dengan memperkecil luas daerah aktif SPAD dan membuat struktur p-i-n akan memperlebar daerah deplesi akan mempercepat timing response divais menjadi 30 ps sesuai dengan simulasi menggunakan MATLAB.

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Nowadays researches for single photon timing and single photon counting application still continuosly done. Concerning the research development in field of single photon detector and single photon generation is constantly also made, one of silicon single photon detector the most rapid development is Single Photon Avalanche Diode (SPAD). Recent research on the SPAD with an active area of 120 nm produces timing detector response of 144 ps. To produce silicone SPAD structure design with the response below 144 ps timing, so in this thesis will be designed and simulated nanoscale-based SPAD in order to reduce the active area. The foundation design is hetrostructure silicon nanowire 20 nm in diameter with p-i-n structure which is expected in the depletion region will increase the carrier generation. Thus the process of distribution by the carrier avalanche generation after a single photon triggers the faster so that timing will be more rapid response. Calculation of response timing is influenced by four parameters, the probability of a photon is absorbed in the neutral region (??Pn), response time it takes electrons in the depletion region for distribution to the detector sensitive area (??Paval(t)), function ?? and diffusion time is limited to carriers photogenerated in the neutral region (Pdiff(t)). From the analysis of the design of the simulation?s result, proved that by minimizing the SPAD active area and create a pin structure will widen the depletion region will accelerate the timing of the response device to be 30 ps according to the simulation using MATLAB."

"ABSTRACT

Data acquisition system using diode array for a spectrometer has been designed and constructed. The light detection is performed by a photodiode array consisting of 512 photodiodes. The superior quantum efficiency of the detector and the direct increase of optical flux with photodiode electrons make it works as a very fast detector. This detector is supplemented with a charge-coupled device working as a shift register for the array, and as a result each light spectrum can be scanned in less than one minute.

The detecting subsystem is followed by a 12 bit analog to digital conversion module which operates at the speed of 26 uses. This data acquisition system is also equipped with an Z BO CPU controlled interface module for its data transfer to an IBM PC, to allow further processing and analysis of the data as well as its final display. In addition to each individual subsystem testing, the whole integrated system has also been tested with a known spectrum and the result is satisfactory."

"Tujuan umum penelitian ini adalah mendapatkan suatu metode deteksi dini kanker berdasarkan analisis sifat optik antara jaringan normal dan adenokarsinoma menggunakan metode autofluoresensi multieksitasi. Pengamatan sifat autofluoresensi jaringan dilakukan pada sampel biopsi seksi jaringan adenokarsinoma, sampel mencit GR yang ditransplantasi adenokarsinoma, dan kultur sel SM 1. Eksitasi jaringan dilakukan menggunakan lampu Light Emiting Diode (LED) pada beberapa kisaran panjang gelombang cahaya tampak. Pada penelitian ini diperoleh data bahwa nilai intensitas autofluorsensi (IAF) pada kisaran panjang gelombang merah dari sel dan jaringan adenokarsinoma cenderung lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan jaringan normal jika dieksitasi oleh LED biru. Sebaliknya nilai IAF pada panjang gelombang infra merah dari sel dan jaringan karsinoma cenderung lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan jaringan normal apabila dieksitasi oleh LED merah.

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Characterization of Adenocarcinoma?s Autofluorescence Properties Using Multiexcitation Analysis Method. General purpose of this research is to get an early cancer detection method based on the properties of optical analysis between normal and adenocarsinoma tissue using the multiexcitation autofluorescence method. Observation of autofluorescence properties was done on the biopsy sample of adenocarcinoma tissues, GR mice transplanted by adenocarsinoma, and cell culture SM 1. Excitation on tissue was done by using the lamp Light Emitting Diode (LED) at some visible light wavelength range. This research obtained that the value of Intensity Auto fluorescence (IAF) at range red wavelength of cells and adenocarsinoma tissues tend to lower compared to the cells normal tissues if its were excited by blue LED. On the contrary, the value of IAF at infra red wavelength from cells and carcinoma tissues tend to higher compared to the cells and normal tissues if its were excited by red LED."

"Photoacoustic measurement in an imaging system is a unique method as it uses optical disturbance but observes its effect acoustically. Acoustical observation increases the quality of a measurement by reducing the scattering effect that often occurs in optical research. However, a few problems, such as cost and complexity, hinder development of a photoacoustic system. This report presents a design of a photoacoustic system using a laser diode and a commercial microphone as the acoustic emission source and sensor, respectively. Analysis of the photoacoustic signal received by the microphone was performed with software-based Fourier transformation, which makes the photoacoustic system simpler and lower in cost. By measuring the amplitude of the signal, the system accurately detects surface micrometer cracks. The report shows that the system is capable of producing a photoacoustic image of an object with micro-cracks on its surface. The results indicate that the photoacoustic imaging system developed in the experiment is a more promising way to generate images of cracks than optical imaging"

"Tesis ini membahas tentang analisis dan perancangan divais dioda tunnel dari bahan silikon yang dipabrikasikan dengan menggunakan teknologi planar. Pabrikasi divais disesuaikan dengan teknologi, peralatan dam bahan yang tersedia pada Laboratorium Hikroelektronika, Puslitbang TELKOHA LIPI, Bandung sebagai tempat proses pembuatan. Dalam tesis ini dirancang 3 divais dioda tunnel, dengan berbagai konsetrasi impurity lapisan tipe n+, tetapi bentuk dan ukuran geometrinya saja. Ketiga rancangan tersebut disimulasikan dengan program perangkat lunak SPICES2B, HATLAB dan WINHCAD untuk nenperoleh kurva karakteristik I-V dan hubungan antara konsentrasi impurity bahan dengan untuk kerja untuk sinyal kecil. Unjuk kerja tersebut neliputi figure of merit, daya maksimum dan efisiensi. Ketiga rancangan dipabrikasi menggunakan teknologi difusi planar, parameter proses yang dipakai dari hasil simulasi program perangkat lunak SSUPREH. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan suatu karakteristik divais yang apabila konsentrasi impurity pada bahan tipe n+ (ND) dinaikkan, maka performasi dari dioda tunnel meningkat. Setelah dipabrikasi dan diukur, divais telah menunjukkan fenomena dioda tunnel."

"A study on the design and construction of measurement system of electric current of power line has been carried out. The electromagnetic induction on inductor placed near a power line was used as modulator signal of laser diode. The modulator signal in frequency signal form is obtained by converting the amplitude of induced voltage into frequency signal by voltage-to-frequency converter. The optical light of laser diode modulated by the frequency signal was transmitted by optical fiber. At the output of the fiber, the optical light was detected and converted by optical detector into electrical signal. The electrical signal was then demodulated and amplified by a receiver to be measured by a frequency counter. The experimental result shows a linear property of induced voltage as a function of current in the power line; the frequency as a function of voltage and current is also linear; the frequency on transmitter is the same with the frequency on receiver. It is concluded that the system designed and constructed in this study is applicable for remote measurement of electric current of power line."

"Annealing effect on the electrical properties change of P - type 6H-Sic schottky diodes with SiO2 ramp profile after irradiated up to 1.75 MGy at RT (Room Temperature) were investigated. A perpendicular edge termination based on oxide ramp profile around the schottky contact is used on Al schottky rectifier fabricated on a 10 um p--type 6H-SiC epi-layer on P-type 6H-SiC substrate (3.5 off, Si face) Na : 5.9 x 10 15/cm2"