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"Comprehensive in scope, this book covers the latest progresses of theories, technologies and applications of LEDs based on III-V semiconductor materials, such as basic material physics, key device issues (homoepitaxy and heteroepitaxy of the materials on different substrates, quantum efficiency and novel structures, and more), packaging, and system integration. The authors describe the latest developments of LEDs with spectra coverage from ultra-violet (UV) to the entire visible light wavelength. The major aspects of LEDs, such as material growth, chip structure, packaging, and reliability are covered, as well as emerging and novel applications beyond the general and conventional lightings. This book, written by leading authorities in the field, is indispensable reading for researchers and students working with semiconductors, optoelectronics, and optics.- Addresses novel LED applications such as LEDs for healthcare and wellbeing, horticulture, and animal breeding; - Editor and chapter authors are global leading experts from the scientific and industry communities, and their latest research findings and achievements are included;- Foreword by Hiroshi Amano, one of the 2014 winners of the Nobel Prize in Physics for his work on light-emitting diodes."

"Seiring dengan perkembangan kemajuan teknologi, semakin banyak aplikasiaplikasi yang membutuhkan divais dengan kecepatan operasi tinggi. Dioda Schottky sebagai sebuah divais dengan kecepatan operasi tinggi banyak dipakai dalam aplikasi-aplikasi seperti power converter, RF detectors dan mixers. Dioda Schottky yang dipakai sekarang ini masih menggunakan bahan semikonduktor konvensional seperti Silikon sebagai material dasarnya. Pada skripsi ini dilakukan desain dan simulasi sebuah dioda Schottky yang menggunakan Carbon Nanotube (CNT) sebagai pengganti Silikon sebagai material semikonduktor dalam dioda Schottky tersebut. CNT yang digunakan adalah semiconducting CNT dengan chirality tertentu. Setelah dioda Schottky didesain, dilakukan simulasi menggunakan CNTBANDS 2.0 untuk mengetahui parameter-parameter yang digunakan dalam perhitungan dan analisis. Dari hasil perhitungan yang didasarkan pada parameter-parameter yang didapatkan melalui simulasi dengan CNTBANDS 2.0, didapatkan hasil kecepatan operasi dioda Schottky CNT yang mencapai skala terahertz, yaitu sebesar 8.1 THz untuk chirality (7,0) dan 0.42 THz untuk chirality (32,0). Kecepatan operasi dioda Schottky CNT ini bergantung pada parameter chirality dari CNT yang digunakan dalam divais. Dengan pertimbangan penggunaan CNT untuk divais yang ada sekarang ini terutama dari segi diameter maka diambil CNT dengan chirality (26,0) yang memiliki diameter sebesar 2.03 nm sebagai bahan untuk dioda Schottky CNT.

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Along with technology development nowadays, more of applications need devices with high operation speed. Schottky diode as a high operation speed device is mainly used in aplications such as power converter, RF detectors and mixers. The current Schottky diode is still using conventional semiconductor material such as Silicon for the material.

The goal of this research is to design and simulate a Schottky diode which using Carbon Nanotube (CNT) to replace Silicon as semiconductor material in Schottky diode. The type of CNT which is used in this research is semiconducting CNT with certain chirality. After designing Schottky diode, simulation is performed using CNTBANDS 2.0 to get the parameter of the CNT which is used in calculation and analysis.

From the calculation based on the parameters obtained from simulation with CNTBANDS 2.0, we obtain CNT Schottky diode with terahertz scale operation speed, range from 8.1 THz for chirality (7,0) to 0.42 THz for chirality (32,0). The operation speed of CNT Schottky diode depends on chirality of the CNT used in the device. Due to application of CNT in the devices reason especially from the diameter of CNT parameter, we choose CNT with chirality (26,0) that has 2.03 nm of diameter as a material for CNT Schottky diode."

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Tujuan : mengetahui pengaruh lampu meja LED invisible flicker dan visible flicker terhadap asthenopia pada mahasiswa di ruang perpustakaan. Metode : Penelitian ini adalah uji klinis tersamar ganda cross over. Empat puluh empat subyek dirandomisasi untuk menentukan urutan intervensi selama 90 menit antara 2 lampu meja yaitu lampu meja LED nvisible flicker dan visible flicker, dimana antar intervensi diberikan selang 1 hari sebagai periode istirahat (wash out). Data diambil dari pengisian kuesioner pasca intervensi, pengukuran near point convergence (NPC) dengan Royal Air Force Ruler serta pengukuran accomodative facility (AF) dengan menggunakan flipper lens sebelum dan sesudah intervensi. Hasil : Proporsi keluhan asthenopia dan nilai perubahan AF pada subyek yang menggunakan lampu meja LED invisible flicker tidak berbeda dengan subyek yang menggunakan lampu meja LED visible flicker. Keluhan mata panas lebih banyak pada subyek yang menggunakan lampu meja LED invisible flicker. Nilai perubahan NPC subyek yang menggunakan lampu meja LED invisible flicker lebih kecil dibandingkan dengan subyek yang menggunakan lampu meja LED visible flicker (invisible flicker: 0.67(-2.17 - 5.08) cm; visible flicker: 1.41(-1.67 - 12) cm, p=0.006). Kesimpulan : Studi ini menunjukkan penggunaan lampu meja LED invisible flicker meminimalisasi perubahan NPC setelah aktivitas melihat dekat selama 90 menit. 

 

 

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This study aimed to compare the effect of invisible flicker LED desk lamp to visible flicker on asthenopia in college student at the library. This randomized, double blind, cross over clinical trial compared the asthenopia symptoms and to compared changes in the near point convergence (NPC), accomodative facility (AF) in subjects doing 90 minutes visual demanding task using both lamps, with a 1 day break between crossover. In 44 subjects, there were no difference in the proportion of asthenopia and changes in the value of AF. Invisible flicker LED desk lamp usage can minimize NPC changes after intervention.

 

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" As implied in the title of this textbook, Biosensors: From Electric Circuits toImmunosensors , we are going to learn both electric circuitry (in relation to conventionalsensors such as temperature sensors) and biosensors (such asantibody-based immunosensors), with equal emphasis on both. The overarchingaim is to build an antibody-based immunosensor from scratch. Before we begin thistextbook, let us defi ne two important terms: sensors and biosensors. Let us startwith sensors.Literally, a sensor is a device used to sense a physical variable, which includes,but is not limited to: temperature, strain, humidity, pressure, mass, light, andvoltage. To sense these variables, we need to convert them into a universal andeasily accessible signal— usually a voltage . This voltage signal changes continuouslywith time, and is directly proportional to a corresponding physical variable.A component responsible for this conversion is a transducer . The resulting voltagesignal is usually an analog signal.The analog voltage signal is usually transferred to a computer or a microprocessor,which recognizes digital signals only. An analog signal is converted into aseries of high and low voltages (i.e., binary numbers), such that a small fl uctuationin the analog signal (i.e., noise) does not affect the overall digital signal. Ananalog-to-digital converter (A/D converter) performs this conversion. Today,all-in-one type sensors have become very popular. They incorporate a transducer,an A/D converter, a microprocessor, and a small liquid crystal display (LCD) panel.The signal can also be sent to a computer’ s universal serial bus (USB) from an A/Dconverter."

"ABSTRAKProvinsi DKI Jakarta memiliki potensi yang besar terutama dari segi perekonomian. Berbagai kalangan datang ke DKI Jakarta untuk mencari nafkah. Kesempatan ini dimanfaatkan sebagian kalangan untuk mempromosikan barang atau jasa mereka kepada publik. Namun, promosi tersebut ternyata membuat wajah ibukota tertutupi oleh tiang-tiang reklame. Oleh karena itu, Pemerintah Provinsi DKI Jakarta berupaya melakukan pengalihan reklame papan menjadi reklame LED. Kenyataanya, penyelenggaraan reklame LED masih belum optimal, terutama dari sisi penerimaann pajaknya. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kota Administrasi Jakarta Selatan. Teori utama yang digunakan adalah teori administrasi perpajakan dan Model 7-S McKinsey. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan pendekatan post-positivist dengan teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara mendalam dan studi kepustakaan. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa proses administrasi perpajakan telah dilakukan sesuai aturan. Penyelenggaraan reklame LED saat ini memasuki tahap peralihan, sehingga masih dibutuhkan beberapa perbaikan. Kebijakan terkait reklame LED harus dievaluasi kembali agar tidak terlalu membebani wajib pajak. Faktor lain seperti struktur, strategi, sistem, skill, dan staff juga turut berimplikasi pada proses administrasi perpajakan.

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ABSTRACTDKI Jakarta Province has great potential, especially in terms of economy. Various people come to DKI Jakarta to earn a living. This opportunity is used by some circles to promote their goods or services to the public. However, the promotion turned out to make the face of the capital covered by billboards. Therefore, the Provincial Government of DKI Jakarta seeks to change the billboard into LED billboards. In fact, the implementation of LED billboards is still not optimal, especially in terms of tax revenue. This research was conducted in South Jakarta Administration City. The main theory used is the theory of tax administration and 7 S McKinsey Model. This research was conducted with post positivist approach with data collection technique using in depth interview and literature study. The results concluded that the tax administration process has been done according to the rules. The operation of LED billboards is currently entering the transitional phase, so it still needs some improvements. Policies related to LED billboards should be re evaluated in order not to overload the taxpayer. Other factors such as structure, strategy, system, skill, and staff also have implications for the tax administration process."