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"Dispepsia adalah kumpulan gejala penyakit saluran cerna bagian atas yang mengenai lebih dari 29% individu dalam suatu komunitas dan gejalanya bervariasi pada setiap individu (Schmidt-Martin dan Quigley, 2011; Mahadeva et al., 2012). Kumpulan gejala ini dikenal dengan istilah sindroma dispepsia yang terdiri atas keluhan rasa tidak nyaman di perut bagian atas, mual, muntah, kembung, cepat merasa kenyang, rasa perut penuh, dan sendawa (Djoningrat, 2014). Keluhan yang dirasakan tiap seseorang berbeda-beda sesuai dengan gejala-gejalanya. Banyaknya penyebab dari gejala dispepsia dibagi menjadi dua kelompok yaitu dispepsia organik dan dispepsia fungsional (Djoningrat, 2014). Dispepsia organik apabila penyebab dispepsia sudah jelas, misalnya adanya ulkus peptikum, karsinoma lambung, dan cholelithiasis yang bisa ditemukan secara mudah melalui pemeriksaan klinis, radiologi, biokimia, laboratorium, maupun gastroentrologi konvensional (endoskopi). Sedangkan dispepsia fungsional apabila penyebabnya tidak diketahui atau tidak didapati kelainan pada pemeriksaan gastroenterologi konvensional atau tidak ditemukan adanya kerusakan organik dan penyakit-penyakit sistemik (Djoningrat, 2014).

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Dyspepsia is a collection of symptoms of upper gastrointestinal diseases that affects more than 29% of individuals in a community and the symptoms vary between individuals (Schmidt-Martin and Quigley, 2011; Mahadeva et al., 2012). This collection of symptoms is known as dyspepsia syndrome which consists of complaints of discomfort in the upper abdomen, nausea, vomiting, bloating, feeling full quickly, feeling of a full stomach, and belching (Djoningrat, 2014). The complaints felt by each person vary according to their symptoms. The many causes of dyspepsia symptoms are divided into two groups, namely organic dyspepsia and functional dyspepsia (Djoningrat, 2014). Organic dyspepsia if the cause of dyspepsia is clear, for example the presence of peptic ulcers, gastric carcinoma, and cholelithiasis which can be found easily through clinical, radiological, biochemical, laboratory examinations or conventional gastroenterology (endoscopy). Meanwhile, functional dyspepsia occurs when the cause is unknown or no abnormalities are found on conventional gastroenterological examination or no organic damage or systemic diseases are found (Djoningrat, 2014)."

"Penelitian ini membahas gambaran penyakit dispepsia fungsional dan faktor-faktor yang berhubungan. Dispepsia fungsional merupakan salah satu penyakit tidak menular yang sering ditemukan dalam praktik sehari-hari. Di Indonesia, dalam beberapa tahun terakhir, terjadi peningkatan kasusnya, sehingga berdampak negatif pada ekonomi dan produktivitas bangsa. Dispepsia fungsional dapat disebabkan oleh pelbagai faktor risiko, terutama sosioekonomi dan demografi, serta perilaku dan status kesehatan. Dengan diketahuinya hubungan antara faktor-faktor tersebut, diharapkan dapat membantu dalam pencegahan dan penatalaksanaannya. Penelitian dilaksanakan dengan metode cross sectional dengan menggunakan data sekunder dari rekam medik poli rawat jalan RSCM tahun 2010. Pengambilan sampel penelitian dilakukan dengan cara proportional random sampling. Analisis statistik dilakukan untuk mendapatkan prevalensi dan faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan dispepsia fungsional. Didapatkan hasil prevalensi dispepsia fungsional menempati peringkat kelima penyakit terbanyak di poli rawat jalan RSCM (4,7%). Berdasarkan uji hipotesis, didapatkan faktor-faktor yang berperan pada terjadinya dispepsia fungsional adalah pekerjaan (p=0,048), penggunaan fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan (p=0,001), dan tingkat pendidikan (p=0,001). Sedangkan, variabel usia (p=0,070), jenis kelamin (p=0,376), status pernikahan (p=0,522), gaya hidup (p=0,587), status gizi (p=1,000), dan IMT (p=0,611), tidak menunjukkan hubungan yang bemakna secara statistik dengan terjadinya dispepsia fungsional. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara dispepsia fungsional dengan sosioekonomi dan demografi, serta perilaku dan status kesehatan.

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This study discussed the overview of functional dyspepsia disease and its related factors. Functional dyspepsia is one of the non-communicable diseases which is often found in daily practice. In the recent years, the increase of the diseases? prevalence has impaired Indonesia in terms of economy and productivity. Functional dyspepsia can be due to various risk factors, especially socioeconomic and demographic, and behavioral and health status. By knowing the relationship between these factors, it is expected that this may increase the awareness of the disease, including its prevention and management. This research carried out by using a cross sectional method utilizing secondary data from outpatient medical records RSCM in 2010. Sampling method was done by using a proportional random sampling. Statistical analysis was done to obtain the prevalence of functional dyspepsia and its related factors.

The result showed that the prevalence of functional dyspepsia ranked fifth most diseases in RSCM outpatients (4.7%). Based on a statistical hypothesis testing, factors that contribute to the occurance of functional dyspepsia are occupation (p=0.048), utilization of health care facilities (p=0.001), and level of education (p=0.001). Meanwhile, age variable (p=0.070), gender (p=0.376), marital status (p=0.522), lifestyle (p=0.587), nutritional status (p=1.000), and BMI (p=0.611) showed no relationship with the occurance of functional dyspepsia. In conclusion, there was a relationship between functional dyspepsia with socioeconomic and demographic, and behavioral and health status."

"Pendahuluan: Dispepsia fungsional adalah salah satu gangguan pencernaan fungsional yang berasal dari saluran pencernaan bagian atas. Prevalensi dispepsia fungsional berdasarkan Kriteria Rome III adalah 3-10%. Sebuah studi di Jakarta dengan sampel orang dewasa, ditemukan 59,1% memiliki sindrom dispepsia. Di sebuah studi ditemukan bahwa pasien obesitas lebih memiliki kecenderungan untukmengalami nyeri pada perut dan nyeri dengan frekuensi dan intensitas tinggi. Namun, prevalensi dispepsia fungsional pada siswa sekolah menengah pertama di Jakarta masih belum diketahui. Metode. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode potong lintang dengan menggunakan 292kuesioner Kriteria Rome III dan kuesioner makanan yang diambil di SMP Labschool Jakarta pada Maret 2018. Subjek penelitian diharuskan untuk mengisi kuesioner kemudian diukur tinggi dan berat badan menggunakan timbangan dan alat ukur tinggi. Subjek yang memiliki dispepsia fungsional didapat dari Kriteria Rome III kuesioner melalui penilaian pada beberapa nomer. Analisis data menggunakan Chi-square test untuk menilai asosiasi dispepsia fungsional terhadap jenis kelamin, kelas, status nutrisi, kebiasaan konsumsi makanan, dan aktifitas fisik, satu per satu. Sementara untuk menilai asosiasi dispepsia fungsional terhadap umur, dilakukan Mann-Whitney test Hasil. Terdapat 292 kuesioner yang termasuk di penelitian. Mayoritas subjek adalah perempuan 53,8%, median usia 13 tahun. Subjek memiliki status nutritisi dengan mayoritas yaitu gizi lebih (51,4%) yang diklasifikasikan berdasarkan kriteria Waterlow. Prevalensi dyspepsia fungsional adalah 17,5%. Asosiasi nya terhadap status nutrisi, jenis kelamin, konsumsi sarapan, buah, dan sayur, dan aktifitas fisik tidak signifikan. Namun, terdapat signifikansi pada asosiasi dispepsia fungsional terhadap kelas, umur, dan jarang konsumsi sarapan. Kesimpulan. Prevalensi dispepsia fungsional adalah 17,5%. Karakteristik status gizi dari subjek penelitian dengan persentase tertinggi adalah gizi lebih. Analisis data menunjukan bahwa tidak terdapat asosiasi yang signifikan antara dispepsia fungsional terhadap status nutrisi. Asosiasi dispepsia fungsional dengan karakteristik subjek signifikan, yaitu terhadap umur dan kelas, namun terhadap jenis kelamin tidak signifikan. Asosiasi antara dispepsia fungsional dan pola makan dan aktifitas fisik tidak signifikan, kecuali asosiasi dispepsia fungional dengan jarang konsumsi sarapan.

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Preliminary. Functional dyspepsia is one of the functional digestive disorders originating from the upper digestive tract. The prevalence of functional dyspepsia based on Rome III criteria is 3-10%. A study in Jakarta with a sample of adults, found 59.1% had dyspepsia syndrome. In one study it was found that obese patients were more likely to experiencing abdominal pain and pain with high frequency and intensity. However, the prevalence of functional dyspepsia in junior high school students in Jakarta is still unknown. Method. This study uses a cross-sectional method using 292 Rome III Criteria questionnaire and food questionnaire taken at SMP Labschool Jakarta in March 2018. Research subjects were required to fill out a questionnaire and then their height and weight were measured using scales and height measuring instruments. Subjects who have functional dyspepsia were obtained from the Rome III Criteria questionnaire through an assessment of several numbers. Data analysis used Chi-square test to assess functional dyspepsia associations with gender, class, nutritional status, food consumption habits, and physical activity, one by one. Meanwhile, to assess the association of functional dyspepsia with age, the Mann-Whitney test was carried out. There are 292 questionnaires included in the study. The majority of the subjects were 53.8% women, the median age was 13 years. Subjects have nutritional status with the majority being overweight (51.4%) which is classified based on the Waterlow criteria. The prevalence of functional dyspepsia was 17.5%. The association with nutritional status, gender, consumption of breakfast, fruit, and vegetables, and physical activity was not significant. However, there is a significant association of functional dyspepsia on

class, age, and rarely breakfast consumption.

Conclusion. The prevalence of functional dyspepsia was 17.5%. The characteristics of the nutritional status of the research subjects with the highest percentage were overweight. Data analysis showed that there was no significant association between functional dyspepsia and nutritional status. The association of functional dyspepsia with the characteristics of the subjects was significant, namely to age and class, but not to gender. The association between functional dyspepsia and diet and physical activity was not significant, except for the association of functional dyspepsia with infrequent breakfast consumption."

"Berdasarakan data penyakit selama tahun 2022 dari bulan Januari-Juli di Puskemas Kecamatan Jatinegara, penyakit dispepsia merupakan penyakit paling tinggi ke-empat dengan jumlah penderita 3429 pasien. Penyakit dispepsia yang yang sering terjadi pada semua kalangan masyarakat ini perlu diberikan informasi bagi penderitanya, mulai dari penyebab, gejala serta cara mengatasi penyakit ini. Pemberian informasi obat penyakit melalui leaflet merupakan salah satu cara yang efektif untuk memberikan informasi penyakit dan obat serta mengurangi penyebaran penyakit tersebut di Puskemas Kecamatan Jatinegara. Dikumpulkan pustaka terkait penyakit seperti penyebab, gejala, cara penularan, mencegah dan mengobati penyakit tersebut. Dibuat publikasi Pelayanan Informasi Obat berupa leaflet Tujuan pelayanan informasi obat yaitu menunjang ketersediaan dan penggunaan obat yang rasional, berorientasi kepada pasien, tenaga kesehatan, dan pihak lain menyediakan dan memberikan informasi obat kepada pasien, tenaga kesehatan, dan pihak lain menyediakan informasi untuk membuat kebijakan kebijakan yang berhubungan dengan obat terutama bagi PFT/KFT. Ruang lingkup PIO menggunakan leaflet masuk dalam lingkup pelayanan dan pendidikan. Memberikan pelayanan informasi obat kepada pasien di Puskemas, khususnya penyakit dispepsia dengan cara pembuatan leaflet.

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Based on disease data for 2022 from January to July at the Jatinegara District Health Center, dyspepsia is the fourth-highest disease with a total of 3,429 patients. Dyspepsia, which often occurs in all walks of life, needs to be given information sufferers, starting from the causes, symptoms, and how to deal with this disease. Providing information on disease drugs through leaflets is an effective way to provide disease and drug information and reduce the spread of the disease at the Jatinegara District Health Center. Collected literature related to diseases such as causes, symptoms, modes of transmission, prevention, and treatment of these diseases. Publication of Drug Information Services is made in the form of leaflets. The purpose of drug information services is to support the availability and rational use of drugs, patient-oriented, health workers and other parties provide and provide drug information to patients, health workers, and other parties to provide information for making policies related to drugs, especially for PFT/KFT. The scope of PIO using leaflets is included in the scope of services and education. Providing drug information services to patients at the Health Center, especially dyspepsia by making leaflet."

"Rumah sakit dengan pelayanan farmasi klinik mengimplementasikan Pemantauan Terapi Obat (PTO) sebagai suatu proses yang mencakup kegiatan untuk memastikan terapi obat yang aman, efektif, dan rasional bagi pasien, dengan tujuan meningkatkan efektivitas terapi dan meminimalkan risiko Reaksi Obat yang Tidak Dikehendaki (ROTD). Pelaksanaan tugas khusus ini bertujuan untuk melakukan pemantauan terapi obat pada salah satu pasien dispepsia di Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Persahabatan Jakarta. Metode menggunakan desain observasional dengan pengambilan data dilakukan secara prospektif pada tanggal 12 sampai 16 Juni 2023. Populasi yang digunakan adalah seluruh pasien yang dirawat inap di Gedung Cempaka, RSUP Persahabatan dan teknik sampel yang digunakan yaitu sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Hasil dari pelaksanaan tugas khusus yang dilakukan selama 5 ( lima ) hari ini adalah ditemukannya pemilihan obat yang tidak tepat terjadi karena pasien menggunakan jaminan BPJS yang mengharuskan penggunaan rujukan Formularium Nasional untuk panduan pengobatan, pemberian obat kepada pasien sudah melebihi aturan yang ditetapkan oleh Formularium Nasional, (DRP) terkait interaksi obat dan indikasi tanpa obat, penyesuaian terapi berdasarkan konsultasi antara Apoteker dan DPJP, serta implementasi sistem informasi untuk pemantauan pasien secara terintegrasi. Hal ini didapatkan berdasarkan pemantauan terapi obat pasien rawat inap Ny. F di gedung Cempaka RSUP Persahabatan. 

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Hospitals with clinical pharmacy services implement Drug Therapy Monitoring (PTO) as a process that includes activities to ensure safe, effective, and rational drug therapy for patients, with the aim of increasing the effectiveness of therapy and minimizing the risk of unintended drug reactions (ROTD). The implementation of this special assignment aims to monitor drug therapy in one of the dyspepsia patients at the Friendship Central General Hospital Jakarta. The method uses an observational design, with data collection carried out prospectively on June 12–16, 2023. The population used was all patients hospitalized in the Cempaka Building, Friendship General Hospital, and the sample technique used was purposeful sampling in accordance with the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results of the implementation of this special assignment, which was carried out for five (five) days, were the discovery of inappropriate drug selection that occurred because the patient used BPJS insurance, which required the use of the National Formulary reference for treatment guidance; the administration of drugs to patients had exceeded the rules set by the National Formulary; drug- related problems (DRP) related to drug interactions and indications without drugs; therapy adjustments based on consultation between pharmacists and DPJP as well as the implementation of an information system for integrated patient monitoring. This was obtained based on monitoring the drug therapy of inpatient Mrs. F in the Cempaka building of Friendship Hospital."

"Dispepsia merupakan sindrom penyakit pada regio gastroduodenal yang berpengaruh besar terhadap kualitas hidup penderitanya baik secara fisik maupun mental. Berbagai terapi farmakologis telah dikembangkan, namun efektivitasnya masih belum maksimal. Akupunktur merupakan salah satu modalitas terapi yang telah terbukti efektif dalam mengatasi gejala-gejala dispepsia. Elektroakupunktur (EA) pada titik ST 36 Zusanli merupakan metode perangsangan dan titik akupunktur yang paling sering digunakan dalam penelitian untuk mengatasi masalah lambung melalui mekanisme yang melibatkan nitrit oksida (NO). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas metode terapi elektroakupunktur dibandingkan dengan akupunktur manual pada ST 36 Zusanli terhadap peningkatan kadar NO serum pada penderita dispepsia. Uji klinis acak tersamar ganda dengan pembanding dilakukan terhadap 40 pasien dispepsia yang dibagi ke dalam kelompok elektroakupunktur (EA) dan kelompok akupunktur manual (AM). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan bermakna rerata peningkatan kadar NO serum pada kelompok elektroakupunktur dibandingkan dengan kelompok akupunktur manual (p = 0,026). Kesimpulan penelitian ini yaitu tindakan elektroakupunktur pada ST 36 Zusanli lebihefektif meningkatkan kadar NO serum dibandingkan tindakan akupunktur manual pada pasien dispepsia (p < 0,05).

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Dyspepsia is a syndrome in gastroduodenal region which affect the quality of life ofpatients both physically and mentally Various pharmacological therapies have beendeveloped but its effectiveness is unsatisfying Acupuncture is a modality that hasbeen proven effective in addressing the symptoms of dyspepsia Electroacupuncture EA at ST 36 Zusanli is the method of stimulation and acupuncture points whichmost frequently used in research to overcome the problem of the stomach through amechanism involving nitric oxide NO

The aim of this study was to determine theeffectiveness of electroacupuncture treatment method compared to manualacupuncture at ST 36 Zusanli to increase serum levels of NO in patients withdyspepsia A double blind randomized controlled trial involved 40 patients withdyspepsia randomly allocated into groups of electroacupuncture EA and manualacupuncture MA

The results showed there were significant differences in themean serum levels of NO in the EA group compared to the MA group p 0 026 The results suggested that electroacupuncture at ST 36 Zusanli is more effectivethan manual acupuncture in increasing the serum levels of NO in patients withdyspepsia p 0 05"

"Latar belakang. Dispepsia fungsional merupakan masalah yang sering pada anak dan dapat mengganggu kualitas hidup anak. Belum ada penelitian yang mengevaluasi faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan dispepsia fungsional di Indonesia menggunakan kritereia Rome IV. Tujuan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi prevalens, kualitas hidup, dan faktor risiko dispepsia fungsional pada anak sekolah menengah atas (SMA). Metode. Penelitian potong lintang ini melibatkan anak/sederajat SMA di Jakarta Pusat yang dipilih menggunakan metode cluster random sampling. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan kuesioner yang terdiri dari pertanyaan tentang sosiodemografi dan faktor risiko, kuesioner Rome IV yang sudah dilakukan adaptasi budaya, serta Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) 4.0 Generic Core Scale Laporan Remaja. Hasil. Terdapat 875 subjek yang diikutsertakan dalam penelitian ini. Prevalens dispepsia fungsional pada anak SMA/sederajat di Jakarta Pusat sebesar 3,1% (27 dari 875 subjek). Anak dengan dispepsia fungsional memiliki kualitas hidup yang secara signifikan lebih rendah (p < 0,001). Faktor risiko yang memengaruhi dispepsia fungsional anak adalah keluarga dekat memiliki sakit berat (p 0,034, adjusted OR 2,46, IK95% 1,072 – 5,625). Kesimpulan. Dispepsia fungsional secara signifikan menurunkan kualitas hidup anak. Keluarga dekat memiliki sakit berat merupakan faktor yang memengaruhi dispepsia fungsional anak.

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Background. Functional dyspepsia is commonly found in children and affects quality of life. There is no study assessing the risk factors associated with functional dyspepsia in Indonesia based on the Rome IV criteria. Objectives. This study describes the prevalence, quality of life, and risk factors of functional dyspepsia in high school students. Method. This cross-sectional study involved high school students in Central Jakarta who were selected using cluster random sampling method. This study was conducted using questionnaire consisted of questions on sociodemographic and risk factors, the Rome IV questionnaire which has undergone cultural adaptation, and Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) 4.0 Generic Core Scale self-report form for teens. Result. A total of 875 subjects were included in this study. The prevalence of functional dyspepsia in high school students in Central Jakarta is 3,1%. Children with functional dyspepsia had significantly lower quality of life (p < 0,001). The risk factor associated with functional dyspepsia is serious illness in a close family member (p 0,034, adjusted OR 2,46, IK95% 1,072 – 5,625). Conclusion. Functional dyspepsia significantly reduces children’s quality of life. Serious illness in a close family member is associated with functional dyspepsia in children."

"Latar belakang dan tujuan : Dispepsia merupakan keluhan yang diperkirakanmencapai lebih dari sepertiga penderita yang berobat ke dokter umum dan lebihdari setengah penderita yang datang ke klinik gastroenterologi. Penyebabterjadinya keluhan pada dispepsia non ulkus khususnya sampai sekarang belumjelas, tapi dikatakan 30 - 80% diantaranya ditemukan perlambatan waktupengosongan lambung. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui ada atautidaknya gangguan motilitas dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya sehinggapengobatan yang diberikan dapat lebih tepat. Bahan dan Cara : Dilakukanpemeriksaan waktu pengosongan lambung dengan makanan padat pada 21 orangpenderita dispepsia dengan menggunakan skintigrafi dan ditentukan derajatdispepsia pada kelompok ini dengan menggunakan skor Talley. Pemeriksaankelompok kontrol dilakukan pada 10 ~rang normal yang sudah dilakukan penelitisebelumnya dengan cara yang sarna. Hasil : Waktu pengosongan lambung padakelompok kontrol adalah 75,34 K 25,87 sedang pada kelompok dispepsia 77,80 K39,42 waktu pengosongan lambung pad a laki-Iaki adalah 69,29 K 21,88 danperempuan 86,38 K 45,78. Waktu pengosongan lambung pada dispepsia derajatringan 67,44 K 29,85 dan pada derajat sedang 84,18 K 44,21. Usia rata-rata adalah37,03 K 7,08 tahun, berat badan rata-rata 56,90 K 8,48 kg. Secara statistik tidakdidapatkan perbedaan yang bermakna antara kelompok dispepsia dan kontrol (p >0,05) dan tidak didapatkan korelasi yang bermakna antara waktu pengosonganlambung dengan usia, jenis kelamin, berat badan, dan derajat dispepsia (p > 0,05).Kesimpulan : Tidak ditemukan perlambatan waktu pengosongan lambung pada kelompok dispepsia dibanding kontrol. Tidak terdapat korelasi antara waktu pengosongan lambung dengan usia, jenis kelamin, berat badan, dan derajat dispepsia."

"[ABSTRAKLatar Belakang : Risiko infeksi Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori) dikaitkan denganbanyak faktor yang terkait dengan pejamu-agen-lingkungan. Etnis adalah salahsatu faktor dari pejamu yang banyak diteliti di luar negeri. Prevalensi infeksiH.pylori didapatkan lebih tinggi pada etnis tertentu seperti misalnya di China.Berdasarkan teori Migrasi dan teori Transmisi diduga infeksi H.pylori akandibawa oleh penduduk yang bermigrasi dari daerah dengan prevalensi tinggi ketempat tujuan migrasi. Etnis Tionghoa di Kalimantan Barat berasal dari daerahChina Selatan dimana prevalensi infeksi H.pylori tinggi. Diperkirakan adaperbedaan angka prevalensi infeksi H.pylori pada etnis Tionghoa dibandingkanpada etnis asli Kalimantan Barat, yaitu etnis Dayak.Tujuan : Untuk mengetahui perbedaan angka prevalensi, karakteristikepidemiologis dan gambaran hasil pemeriksaan endoskopi pada subjek etnisTionghoa dan Dayak dengan sindrom dispepsia.Metode : Penelitian ini adalah studi potong lintang untuk mengetahui perbedaanangka prevalensi infeksi H.pylori. Penelitian dilakukan di RSU Santo AntoniusPontianak dari bulan Desember 2014 sampai Juni 2015 dengan metodepengambilan sampel secara consecutive sampling. Angka prevalensi infeksiH.pylori disajikan dalam angka persentase, sedangkan perbedaan karakteristikepidemiologis dan perbedaan gambaran hasil pemeriksaan endoskopi pada etnisTionghoa dan Dayak dianalisis dengan analisis bivariat menggunakan chi-squaredengan tingkat kemaknaan (p) = 0,05.Hasil : Dari 203 subjek yang diteliti, terdiri dari 102 subjek etnis Tionghoa dan101 subjek etnis Dayak didapatkan angka prevalensi H.pylori sebesar 40,8%.Prevalensi pada etnis Tionghoa didapatkan lebih tinggi dibanding etnis Dayak,berturut-turut sebesar 48,0% dan 33,7%. Tidak ada perbedaan karakteristikepidemiologis dan temuan hasil pemeriksaan endoskopi pada kedua kelompoketnis.Simpulan : Terdapat perbedaan angka prevalensi infeksi H.pylori pada etnisTionghoa (48,0%) dibanding etnis Dayak (33,7%). Tidak ada perbedaankarakteristik epidemiologis dan gambaran hasil pemeriksaan endoskopi padakedua kelompok etnis.

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ABSTRACTBackground : Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection risk is associated withmany factors related to host-agent-environment matter. Ethnicity is one of the hostfactors which was the most studied factor overseas. The prevalence of H. pyloriinfection was found higher in certain ethnic such among Chinese. Based onmigration and transmission theory, it was suspected that H. pylori infection weretransmitted by people migrating from areas with a high prevalence of infection tothe destination area. Chinese in West Borneo are originated from South Chinaregion where the prevalence of H. pylori infection is high. It is estimated thatthere are differences in the prevalence of H. pylori infection among Chinesecompared to the native people of West Borneo, the Dayaknese.Objective: To determine the differences in the prevalence, epidemiologicalcharacteristics and endoscopic finding between Chinese and Dayaknese withdyspeptic syndrome.Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study to determine the differences inthe prevalence of H. pylori infection. The study was conducted at St. AntoniusGeneral Hospital Pontianak from December 2014 to June 2015 with consecutivesampling method. H.pylori infection prevalence is presented in percentagenumbers, while the epidemiological characteristics and endoscopic findingdifferences among Chinese and Dayaknese were analyzed by bivariate analysisusing the chi-square with significance value (p) = 0.05.Results : From a total of 203 subjects in this study, consisted of 102 Chinesesubjects and 101 Dayaknese subjects, the prevalence of H.pylori infection was40.8%. The prevalence among Chinese is higher than Dayaknese, which is 48.0%and 33.7%, respectively. There is no difference in the epidemiologicalcharacteristics and endoscopic findings in both ethnic groups.Conclusions : The prevalence of H. pylori infection among the Chinese (48.0%)is higher than among Dayaknese (33.7%). There is no difference in theepidemiological characteristics and endoscopic finding among both ethnic groups.;Background : Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection risk is associated withmany factors related to host-agent-environment matter. Ethnicity is one of the hostfactors which was the most studied factor overseas. The prevalence of H. pyloriinfection was found higher in certain ethnic such among Chinese. Based onmigration and transmission theory, it was suspected that H. pylori infection weretransmitted by people migrating from areas with a high prevalence of infection tothe destination area. Chinese in West Borneo are originated from South Chinaregion where the prevalence of H. pylori infection is high. It is estimated thatthere are differences in the prevalence of H. pylori infection among Chinesecompared to the native people of West Borneo, the Dayaknese.Objective: To determine the differences in the prevalence, epidemiologicalcharacteristics and endoscopic finding between Chinese and Dayaknese withdyspeptic syndrome.Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study to determine the differences inthe prevalence of H. pylori infection. The study was conducted at St. AntoniusGeneral Hospital Pontianak from December 2014 to June 2015 with consecutivesampling method. H.pylori infection prevalence is presented in percentagenumbers, while the epidemiological characteristics and endoscopic findingdifferences among Chinese and Dayaknese were analyzed by bivariate analysisusing the chi-square with significance value (p) = 0.05.Results : From a total of 203 subjects in this study, consisted of 102 Chinesesubjects and 101 Dayaknese subjects, the prevalence of H.pylori infection was40.8%. The prevalence among Chinese is higher than Dayaknese, which is 48.0%and 33.7%, respectively. There is no difference in the epidemiologicalcharacteristics and endoscopic findings in both ethnic groups.Conclusions : The prevalence of H. pylori infection among the Chinese (48.0%)is higher than among Dayaknese (33.7%). There is no difference in theepidemiological characteristics and endoscopic finding among both ethnic groups.;Background : Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection risk is associated withmany factors related to host-agent-environment matter. Ethnicity is one of the hostfactors which was the most studied factor overseas. The prevalence of H. pyloriinfection was found higher in certain ethnic such among Chinese. Based onmigration and transmission theory, it was suspected that H. pylori infection weretransmitted by people migrating from areas with a high prevalence of infection tothe destination area. Chinese in West Borneo are originated from South Chinaregion where the prevalence of H. pylori infection is high. It is estimated thatthere are differences in the prevalence of H. pylori infection among Chinesecompared to the native people of West Borneo, the Dayaknese.Objective: To determine the differences in the prevalence, epidemiologicalcharacteristics and endoscopic finding between Chinese and Dayaknese withdyspeptic syndrome.Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study to determine the differences inthe prevalence of H. pylori infection. The study was conducted at St. AntoniusGeneral Hospital Pontianak from December 2014 to June 2015 with consecutivesampling method. H.pylori infection prevalence is presented in percentagenumbers, while the epidemiological characteristics and endoscopic findingdifferences among Chinese and Dayaknese were analyzed by bivariate analysisusing the chi-square with significance value (p) = 0.05.Results : From a total of 203 subjects in this study, consisted of 102 Chinesesubjects and 101 Dayaknese subjects, the prevalence of H.pylori infection was40.8%. The prevalence among Chinese is higher than Dayaknese, which is 48.0%and 33.7%, respectively. There is no difference in the epidemiologicalcharacteristics and endoscopic findings in both ethnic groups.Conclusions : The prevalence of H. pylori infection among the Chinese (48.0%)is higher than among Dayaknese (33.7%). There is no difference in theepidemiological characteristics and endoscopic finding among both ethnic groups., Background : Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection risk is associated withmany factors related to host-agent-environment matter. Ethnicity is one of the hostfactors which was the most studied factor overseas. The prevalence of H. pyloriinfection was found higher in certain ethnic such among Chinese. Based onmigration and transmission theory, it was suspected that H. pylori infection weretransmitted by people migrating from areas with a high prevalence of infection tothe destination area. Chinese in West Borneo are originated from South Chinaregion where the prevalence of H. pylori infection is high. It is estimated thatthere are differences in the prevalence of H. pylori infection among Chinesecompared to the native people of West Borneo, the Dayaknese.Objective: To determine the differences in the prevalence, epidemiologicalcharacteristics and endoscopic finding between Chinese and Dayaknese withdyspeptic syndrome.Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study to determine the differences inthe prevalence of H. pylori infection. The study was conducted at St. AntoniusGeneral Hospital Pontianak from December 2014 to June 2015 with consecutivesampling method. H.pylori infection prevalence is presented in percentagenumbers, while the epidemiological characteristics and endoscopic findingdifferences among Chinese and Dayaknese were analyzed by bivariate analysisusing the chi-square with significance value (p) = 0.05.Results : From a total of 203 subjects in this study, consisted of 102 Chinesesubjects and 101 Dayaknese subjects, the prevalence of H.pylori infection was40.8%. The prevalence among Chinese is higher than Dayaknese, which is 48.0%and 33.7%, respectively. There is no difference in the epidemiologicalcharacteristics and endoscopic findings in both ethnic groups.Conclusions : The prevalence of H. pylori infection among the Chinese (48.0%)is higher than among Dayaknese (33.7%). There is no difference in theepidemiological characteristics and endoscopic finding among both ethnic groups.]"

"Tingginya angka kejadian dispepsia mempengaruhi pola penggunaan obat pada pasien dispepsia di fasilitas kesehatan, sehingga diperlukan evaluasi penggunaan obat. Penggunaan obat di fasilitas kesehatan harus mengikuti acuan yang berlaku secara nasional, yaitu Formularium Nasional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi penggunaan obat pada pasien dispepsia. Desain penelitian ini adalah deskriptif dengan pengambilan data secara retrospektif dari resep pasien dan menggunakan metode ATC/DDD. Sampel adalah seluruh resep pasien dispepsia di Puskesmas Kecamatan Pasar Minggu tahun 2016. Berdasarkan hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa 71,28 pasien dispepsia adalah perempuan, 38,90 berusia 45 sampai 60 tahun, dan 75,64 mengikuti program BPJS. Obat yang digunakan pada pasien dispepsia adalah antasida DOEN, ranitidin, simetidin, omeprazol, domperidon, dan papaverin. Kuantitas penggunaan obat dispepsia yang dinyatakan dalam DDD/1000 pasien/hari paling tinggi, yaitu ranitidin 4,35 . Obat pada pasien dispepsia yang menyusun segmen DU90 , yaitu ranitidin 41,15 , omeprazol 24,22 , antasida DOEN 19,28 , dan simetidin 11,10 . Penggunaan obat pada pasien dispepsia di Puskesmas Kecamatan Pasar Minggu tahun 2016 sesuai dengan Formularium Nasional 87,54.

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High incidence rate of dyspepsia affects the pattern of drug use of dyspepsia patients in the health facilities, it is necessary to evaluate the use of drugs. The uses of drugs in health facilities must comply with applicable national reference that the national formulary. This research aimed to evaluate the usage of drug from dyspepsia patients. The research rsquo s design was descriptive with retrospective data collection from patient rsquo s prescriptions by using the ATC DDD method. The samples used in this study were all prescriptions of dyspepsia patients at Puskesmas Pasar Minggu in 2016.

The results showed that 71,28 of dyspepsia patients were females, 38,90 were 45 to 60 years old and 75,64 of them followed the BPJS program. The drugs that used for dyspepsia patients were antacid DOEN, ranitidine, cimetidine, omeprazole, domperidon, and papaverine. The highest quantity of dyspepsia drug use expressed in the DDD 1000 patients per day was ranitidine 4,35 . Drugs for dyspepsia patients that made up the DU90 segment were ranitidine 41,15 , omeprazole 24,22 , antacid DOEN 19,28 , and cimetidine 11,10 . The use of drugs for dyspepsia patients at Puskesmas Pasar Minggu in 2016 was appropriate according to National Formulary 87,54."