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"On the basis of Bruner's concept of a 'dominant culture', the author analyzes the cases of Bandung, Sambas and Ambon. By comparing the three cases, the author reveals the differences of adaptation strategies among the Javanese in Bandung, the Madurese in Sambas, and the BBM (Buton, Bugis, Makassar) in Ambon. The Javanese from the lower classes in Bandung follow the Sundanese culture as the dominant one, and try to adopt Sundanese ways of behavior. Harmonious relationship between the migrants and the Sundanese as the host population is thus maintained. On the other hand, the Madurese in Sambas and the BBM in Ambon forced their rules and principles so as to dominate those from the natives. As a result, conflicts between the natives and the migrants could not be avoided. The author argues that the dominant culture in a specific setting, with its rules and norms, should be followed by the migrants and outsiders. However, the challenges to the dominant culture can be diverse in different societies and settings. The cases in Sambas and Ambon reveal that there is a problem in the challenge toward the dominant culture in those societies."

"Kemunculan komunitas atau individu yang beridentitas LGBT di Indonesia masih diperdebatkan oleh beberapa pihak. LGBT di Indonesia masih menjadi bagian dari masyarakat yang mengalami eksklusi sosial dan mengalami pengalaman diskriminasi yang berbeda yang semuanya tergantung pada keadaan sosial dan kultur setempat. Riset ini akan memberikan gambaran mengenai bagaimana keadaan gay dan LBT di Jombang yang didaulat sebagai kota santri mengalami proses eksklusi sosial. Jombang dinilai sebagai kota yang toleran, namun bagaimana respons masyarakat dan pihak terkait terhadap munculnya suatu identitas yang dinilai negative oleh sebagian masyarakat. Ketika masyarakat menolak kehadiran mereka karena identitas maka bagaimanakah cara komunitas LGBT menegosiasikan identitasnya?. Pembahasan ini akan dirangkai dengan menggunakan teori eksklusi sosial Haralambos dan Holborn dan teori tindakan komunikatif Habermas. Dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif interpretatif maka hasil yang didapat adalah analisis data wawancara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa komunitas LGBT mengalami eksklusi sosial karena identitas yang melekat pada diri mereka dan adanya struktur, sehingga hal ini berpengaruh pada usaha negosiasi dalam perebutan ruang publik di Jombang.

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The emergence of communities and individuals who carry identity as gay in Indonesia is still be debate. Gay in Indonesia is still be apart of exclude society, that situation is different everywhere and this depends on several things such as social circumstances and local culture. This article will describe about how is the state gay community and exclusion process in a city that has a dominant culture of pesantren, Jombang. Despite getting the image as a ldquo santri rdquo city but there is a gay community exist in it. So, how is the real situation of the gay community in Jombang and hiw they negotiate with their identity as gay in the dominant culture of pesantren. By using the theory of social exclusion Haralambos Holborn, Kiepal, Tukacs,etc and the way negotiations are analyzed with communicative action from Habermas. The results of this research are gay community experiencing a state of social exclusion which relates to their identity. Social exclusion has an impact on the lack of public access. "