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"Ultrasonography examination is an one of examination that can be used to see the abnormality of portal vein system. The technology of ultrasonography examination has further developed especially after using of Doppler ultrasonography which could portray haemodynamic changes from portal vein in liver cirrhosis patient. From this examination we also could predict bleeding."

"Tujuan :Mengetahui gambaran atheroskierosis arteri karotis komunis dan arteri ekstremitas bawah (femoralis komunis) pada pasien stroke iskemik dengan USG Color Doppler dan pengaruh faktor-faktor resiko terhadap terjadinya atheroskierosis (plak).BAHAN DAN METODEPenelitian "cross sectional", dimulai dari bulan November 2004 sampai dengan April 2005. Penelitian pada 32 pasien stroke iskemik (berdasarkan klinis&CT Scan), menggunakan CDU, transduser 10 MHz. Dilakukan pemeriksaan CDU arteri karotis dan ekstremitas bawah (kanan-kiri) untuk melihat adanya penebalan intima-media, plak, dan pola aliran darah. Faktor-faktor resiko stroke (usia, jenis kelamin, DM, merokok, hiperkoleslerol, riwayat jantung dan stroke) pada pasien dicatat. Hasil dianalisa olch peneliti dan spesialis radiologi.HASILRata-rata diameter lumen arteri karotis komunis kanan dan kid adalah 0,89 dan 0,85 cm. Rata-rata diameter lumen arteri femoralis komunis adalah 0,90 dan 0,90 cm. Faktor resiko terbesar penyebab stroke adalah hipertensi (84,4%), disusul riwayat stroke (53,1%), diabetes militus (50,1%), merokok (46,9%), hiperkolesterol (31,3%), jantung (18,8%). Jumlah temuan penebalan intima-media pada arteri karotis dan femoralis komunis hampir sama. Tetapi temuan plak arteri femoralis komunis lebih sering dibandingkan pada arteri karotis komunis, dan pada uji Mc Nemar terdapat hubungan bermakna bahwa plak di arteri femoralis komunis lebih awal dibandingkan pada arteri karotis komunis. Lokasi plak tersering berada di biffurcatio. Pada penelitian ini tidak didapatkan stenosis bermakna, sehingga nilai PI dan RI masih dalam batas normal. Faktor resiko penyebab timbulnya plak tersering adalah hiperkolesterol, disusul DM, jantung, stroke, merokok. Semakin banyak Faktor resiko, maka sernakin besar kemungkinan terdapat plak di arteri karotis komunis dan terutama di arteri femoralis komunis.KESIMPULANTemuan plak di arteri femoralis komunis lebih awal dan lebih sering terjadi dibandingkan di arteri karotis komunis, yang diduga sering mcnyebabkan pelepasan thrombus penyebab stroke iskemik

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PurposeTo asses atherosclerosis of common carotid artery and common femoral artery in patient with ischemic stroke, and risk factor that influence formation of atherosclerosis (plaque).MATERIALS AND METHODSStudy cross sectional; begin from November 2004 to April 2005. Examinations of 32 patients ischemic stroke (based on clinical and CT Scan) use CDU, transducer 10 MHz. CDU carotid and femoral artery right-left was done to evaluated Intima-Media Thickness (IMT) and plaque. Risk factors of stroke (age, sex, diabetes, smoking, hipercholesterol, history of CAD and CVD); in patients being recorded. Reviewed by observer, radiologist.RESULTThe mean lumen of diameter right and left command carotid artery is 0,89 and 0.85 cm. The mean of lumen diameter right and left command femoral artery is 0,90 and 0,90 cm. The most frequence risk factor causing ischemic stroke is hipert'nsi (84,4%), then follow history of CVD (53,1%), diabetes (50,1%), smooking (46,9%), hipercholesterol (31,3%), and CAD (18,8%). Amount of Intima-Media Thickness in carotid artery, as common as femoral artery. But plaque in common femoral artery more frequency than in common carotid artery, and with Mc Nemar test there is association that plaque finding in common femoral artery earlier than common carotid artery. Plaque location more frequent in biffurcatio. The most frequency risk factors causing plaque is hipercholesterol, then follow diabetes, CAD, stroke, smoking. Too much risk factor in ischemic stroke, too much plaque finding in common carotid artery and common femoral artery.CONCLUSIONPlaque finding in common femoral artery more frequency and earlier than in common carotid artery that suspected release thrombus cause of ischemic stroke."

"Latar Belakang: Sindrom ovarium polikistik dan obesitas memperlihatkan dampak pada kemampuan endometrium untuk menerima hasil konsepsi. Penggunaan Ultrasonografi Doppler memiliki peran penting dalam pemeriksaan reseptivitas endometrium karena efisiensi dan prosedur non-traumatis. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menyelidiki efek modifikasi gaya hidup pada penerimaan endometrium wanita obesitas dengan sindrom ovarium polikistik menggunakan ultrasonografi.Metode: Penelitian observasional ini dilakukan di Rumah Sakit Umum Cipto Mangunkusumo Jakarta, Indonesia dari Agustus 2019 hingga Mei 2020. Total 32 subjek yang berpartisipasi dalam penelitian ini pada awalnya. Karena kasus loss to follow up, subjek akhir dikurangi menjadi 14 orang. Subyek pertama dievaluasi dengan USG trans-vaginal untuk melihat gambar endometrium, kemudian disarankan untuk mendapatkan konseling gizi oleh ahli gizi klinis dan kemudian ditindaklanjuti selama 6 bulan menggunakan ultrasonografi trans-vaginal.Hasil: Sebanyak 19 subjek menerima konseling gizi oleh spesialis Gizi Klinis. Tapi kemudian, hanya 14 subjek yang dievaluasi dengan Ultrasonografi. Ada beberapa hasil yang signifikan antara sebelum dan sesudah perawatan beberapa subjek seperti kalori, berat badan, indeks massa tubuh, lingkar pinggang (p<0,05) dan jenis zona vaskular, volume endometrium, indeks aliran vaskular dalam endometrium (p<0,05).Kesimpulan: Belum didapatkan korelasi yang signifikan antara perubahan antropometri dan asupan kalori harian dengan perubahan Zona Vaskular endometrium disebabkan tingginya angka loss to follow-up dan belum tekontrolnya asupan kalori harian dari setiap subjek.

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Background: Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome and obesity have shown an impact on endometrium ability to accept the results conception. The use of a Doppler Ultrasonography has an important role in the examination of endometrial receptivity due to efficiency and non traumatic procedure. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of lifestyle modification on endometrial receptivity of obese women with polycystic Ovarian Syndrome using ultrasonography.Methods: This observational study was conducted at Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital Jakarta, Indonesia from August 2019 to May 2020. From a total of 32 subjects were participated in this study. Due to loss of follow up case, the final subject was decrease into 14 person. The subjects were firstly evaluated with the trans-vaginal ultrasound to see the picture of the endometrium, then advised to get nutrition counseling by Clinical nutritionist and then followed up for 6 months using trans- vaginal ultrasonography.Results: A total 19 subjects were received nutrition counseling by Clinical Nutritionist. But then, only 14 subjects were evaluated by Ultrasonography. There were several significant results between before and after treatment of some subjects such as calories, body weight, body mass index, waist circumference (p<0,05) and type of the vascular zone, endometrium volume, vascular flow index in endometrium (p<0,05). In this study, no significant results have been found on the correlation between dietary changes and changes of endometrial receptivity.Conclusion: No significant correlation has been found between changes in antropometrics and daily calorie intake with changes in endometrial vascular zones due to high loss to follow-up rates and uncontrolled daily caloric intake for each subject."

"Latar belakang: Kombinasi Handheld Ultrasonography (HHUS) dan Color Doppler Ultrasonography (CDUS) memberikan informasi morfologis dan vaskularisasi lesi, sehingga mampu meningkatkan nilai diagnostik. Modalitas pencitraan baru Automated Breast Ultrasound (ABUS) memiliki keunggulan yaitu akuisisi gambar otomatis, tidak bergantung operator serta waktu penggunaannya lebih singkat dan dilakukan dalam satu kali pemeriksaan. Saat ini ABUS belum banyak digunakan di Rumah Sakit seluruh Indonesia dan penelitian mengenai ABUS masih terbatas. Sehingga perlu dilakukan penelitian mengenai ABUS terhadap metode lain yang lebih obyektif. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan menilai kesesuaian antara kombinasi HHUS dan CDUS dengan ABUS terhadap hasil patologi anatomi (PA) lesi payudara. Metode: Dilakukan pemeriksaan kombinasi HHUS dan CDUS menggunakan transduser linear 7-12 MHz ultrasonografi GE tipe Logic S8, kemudian dilakukan pemeriksaan ABUS menggunakan transduser konkaf linear 6-12 MHz ABUS GE tipe Invenia. Seluruh pemeriksaan dilakukan sendiri oleh peneliti di Departemen Radiologi RSCM, kemudian dikonfirmasi oleh dokter spesialis radiologi konsultan payudara yakni pembimbing penelitian sebelum pendataan hasil penelitian. Seluruh sampel penelitian telah dilakukan pemeriksaan patologi anatomi. Kesesuaian hasil pemeriksaan kombinasi HHUS dan CDUS dengan ABUS dianalisis menggunakan uji Mc Nemar. Hasil: Pada penelitian ini, diperoleh 25 sampel lesi payudara dari 22 subyek (rentang usia 35-62 tahun; rerata ± SD usia 46,8 ± 8,3 tahun). Kesesuaian hasil pemeriksaan kombinasi HHUS dan CDUS dengan ABUS didapatkan kesesuaian kuat antara kedua modalitas untuk membedakan lesi jinak, indeterminate, dan ganas dengan nilai Kappa Cohen R 0,870 (p 0,001). Hasil kesesuaian kombinasi HHUS dan CDUS terhadap PA lesi payudara memiliki nilai p 0,082 dan Kappa Cohen R 0,421 (p 0,001) sedangkan hasil kesesuaian ABUS terhadap PA lesi payudara memiliki nilai p 0,189 dan Kappa Cohen R 0,356 (p 0,01). Simpulan: kombinasi HHUS dan CDUS memiliki kesesuaian sedikit lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan ABUS terhadap hasil pemeriksaan PA dalam menilai lesi payudara jinak, indeterminate dan ganas. Kombinasi pemeriksaan HHUS dan CDUS terhadap pemeriksaan PA memiliki kesesuaian sedang (moderate agreement). Sedangkan pemeriksaan ABUS terhadap pemeriksaan PA memiliki kesesuaian lemah (fair agreement) dalam menilai lesi payudara. Kombinasi pemeriksaan HHUS dan CDUS terhadap ABUS dan HHUS terhadap ABUS memiliki kesesuaian kuat (almost perfect agreement) dalam menilai lesi payudara.

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Background: Combinations of Handheld Ultrasonography (HHUS) and Color Doppler Ultrasonography (CDUS) provide morphological information and vascularity of lesions, so as to increase diagnostic values. The new imaging modalities of Automated Breast Ultrasound (ABUS) have the advantage of automatic image acquisition, no operator dependence and the examination time is shorter. At present ABUS is not widely used in hospitals throughout Indonesia and research on ABUS is still limited. So it is necessary to do research on ABUS on other methods that are more objective. Objective: This study aimed to assess the suitability between the combination of HHUS and CDUS with ABUS on the results of Pathological Anatomy (PA) of breast lesions. Methods: A combination of HHUS and CDUS was examined using linear transducer 7-12 MHz GE ultrasonography Logic type S8, then ABUS was examined using a 6-12 MHz linear concave transducer GE Invenia ABUS type. All examinations were carried out by the researchers in the Radiology Department of the RSCM, then confirmed by the radiology specialist breast consultant before the data collection. All research samples have been examined for anatomical pathology. The suitability of the HHUS and CDUS combination results with ABUS was analyzed using the Mc Nemar test. Results: In this study, 25 samples of breast lesions were obtained from 22 subjects (age range 35-62 years; mean ± SD age 46.8 ± 8.3 years). The suitability of the results of the combination of HHUS and CDUS with ABUS found a strong match between the two modalities to distinguish benign, indeterminate, and malignant lesions with Kappa values 0.870 (p 0.001). The results of the suitability of the combination of HHUS and CDUS on PA breast lesions have Kappa values 0.421 (p 0.001) whereas the results of ABUS conformity to PA breast lesions have Kappa values 0.356 (p 0.01). Conclusion: The combination of HHUS and CDUS examination against PA examination has moderate agreement while the ABUS examination of PA examination has fair agreement in breast assessment. The combination of examining HHUS and CDUS against ABUS and HHUS against ABUS has a almost perfect agreement in assessing breast lesions."

"[ABSTRAK Salah satu komplikasi dari Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) adalah kerusakan tungkai bawah hingga tidakdapat digunakan untuk beraktifitas. PAD disebabkan oleh gangguan vaskular yang menyebabkan atherosklerotikpada vaskular di bagian distal. Suatu penelitian kohort di Swedia menyatakan bahwa penyembuhan primer, lajuamputasi dan mortalitas pada pasien PAD berhubungan dengan derajat insufisiensi vaskular. Dengan demikian perlu dilakukan penelitian untuk mengetahui karakteristik vaskular pada kasus PAD secara kuantitatif maupun kualitatif serta hubungannya dengan nilai Ankle Brachial Index (ABI) dan gambaran gelombang Doppler Ultrasonography(DUS). Metode penelitian menggunakan studi potong lintang. Hasil penelitian didapatkanpasien PAD dengan nilai ABI rata-rata 0,7 dengan gambaran gelombang DUS yang berubah dari trifasikmenjadi non-tirfasik dominan pada arteri infrapopliteal. ABI di bawah 0.9 menunjukkan perubahan pada gelombang DUS dari arteri femoralis hingga a.dorsalis pedis dengan nilai p <0.05. Faktor-faktor risiko yang paling tampak adalah usia di atas 45 tahun yang menunjukkan peningkatan risiko PAD. Selain itu hubunganABI dan faktor ?faktor risiko menunjukkan bahwa hiperlipidemia dan diabetes melitus menunjukkan hubungan signifikan dengan p<0,05. Sedang pada hubungan DUS dan faktor-faktor risiko hanya usia >45 tahun yangtampak secara statistik signifikan meski secara klinis faktor-faktor risiko yang lain menunjukkan jumlahpersentase yang diatas 50%. Disimpulkan bahwa dengan mengetahui nilai ABI dapat ditentukan derajatkeparahan PAD dan juga dengan mengetahui gelombang DUS saja maka dapat diketahui oklusi di tingkat segmen arteri yang mana.Selain itu, usia di atas 45 tahun, hiperlipidemia dan juga diabetes melitus merupakan faktor risiko yang penting untuk terjadinya atherosklerosis dan penyumbatan pada distal arteri. Penggunaan DUS untuk menentukan tingkat penyumbatan sangat informatif dalam hal penggambran gelombang, aman dan murah sehingga dapat menetukan tindakan selanjutnya.ABSTRACT One of the complications of Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) is the damage that can be made to the lower

extremities causing difficulties to perform any activities with it. PAD is caused by vascular insufficiency known as atherosclerotic of the distal vascular. A cohort research in Sweden described that the primary recovery, amount of amputation and mortaltiy of PAD patients is related to the degree of vascular insufficiency. As for which, a research should be made to endorsed the knowhow of the vascular characteristics on PAD patients

quantitatively and qualitatively in accordance to ABI value and DUS spectral waveform. Methods used is cross

sectional. The result was, PAD patients had mean ABI value of 0.7 with changes of DUS spectral waveform

from triphasic to non-triphasic dominantly seen in infrapopliteal arteries. ABI less than 0.9 has a significant value towards changes in the spectral waveform from the femoral artery to the dorsal pedis artery. The risk factors such as age above 45 years old shows a significant relationship with the increase in PAD risk (p <0.05). Besides that, p <0.05 was also seen in hyperlipidemia and diabetes mellitus patients with PAD. As for the

relation between DUS and the risk factors, age above 45 years old was seen significant statistically eventhough

clinically all risk factors showed a percentage above 50%. It is concluded that by knowing the ABI value, the

degree of severity of PAD can be acknowledge and by knowing the waveform of DUS only one can know the

level of occlusion in an arterial segment. Besides that, age above 45 years, hyperlipidemia and diabetes mellitus are the important risk factors that causes atherosclerosis and occlusion in distal arteries. The usage of DUS to evaluate the level of occlusion is very informative showing images, it?s safe, low cost and can indicate towards future intervention. ;One of the complications of Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) is the damage that can be made to the lower

extremities causing difficulties to perform any activities with it. PAD is caused by vascular insufficiency known as atherosclerotic of the distal vascular. A cohort research in Sweden described that the primary recovery, amount of amputation and mortaltiy of PAD patients is related to the degree of vascular insufficiency. As for which, a research should be made to endorsed the knowhow of the vascular characteristics on PAD patients

quantitatively and qualitatively in accordance to ABI value and DUS spectral waveform. Methods used is cross

sectional. The result was, PAD patients had mean ABI value of 0.7 with changes of DUS spectral waveform

from triphasic to non-triphasic dominantly seen in infrapopliteal arteries. ABI less than 0.9 has a significant value towards changes in the spectral waveform from the femoral artery to the dorsal pedis artery. The risk factors such as age above 45 years old shows a significant relationship with the increase in PAD risk (p <0.05). Besides that, p <0.05 was also seen in hyperlipidemia and diabetes mellitus patients with PAD. As for the

relation between DUS and the risk factors, age above 45 years old was seen significant statistically eventhough

clinically all risk factors showed a percentage above 50%. It is concluded that by knowing the ABI value, the

degree of severity of PAD can be acknowledge and by knowing the waveform of DUS only one can know the

level of occlusion in an arterial segment. Besides that, age above 45 years, hyperlipidemia and diabetes mellitus are the important risk factors that causes atherosclerosis and occlusion in distal arteries. The usage of DUS to evaluate the level of occlusion is very informative showing images, it?s safe, low cost and can indicate towards future intervention. , One of the complications of Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) is the damage that can be made to the lower

extremities causing difficulties to perform any activities with it. PAD is caused by vascular insufficiency known as atherosclerotic of the distal vascular. A cohort research in Sweden described that the primary recovery, amount of amputation and mortaltiy of PAD patients is related to the degree of vascular insufficiency. As for which, a research should be made to endorsed the knowhow of the vascular characteristics on PAD patients

quantitatively and qualitatively in accordance to ABI value and DUS spectral waveform. Methods used is cross

sectional. The result was, PAD patients had mean ABI value of 0.7 with changes of DUS spectral waveform

from triphasic to non-triphasic dominantly seen in infrapopliteal arteries. ABI less than 0.9 has a significant value towards changes in the spectral waveform from the femoral artery to the dorsal pedis artery. The risk factors such as age above 45 years old shows a significant relationship with the increase in PAD risk (p <0.05). Besides that, p <0.05 was also seen in hyperlipidemia and diabetes mellitus patients with PAD. As for the

relation between DUS and the risk factors, age above 45 years old was seen significant statistically eventhough

clinically all risk factors showed a percentage above 50%. It is concluded that by knowing the ABI value, the

degree of severity of PAD can be acknowledge and by knowing the waveform of DUS only one can know the

level of occlusion in an arterial segment. Besides that, age above 45 years, hyperlipidemia and diabetes mellitus are the important risk factors that causes atherosclerosis and occlusion in distal arteries. The usage of DUS to evaluate the level of occlusion is very informative showing images, it’s safe, low cost and can indicate towards future intervention. ]"