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Abstrak :
Pengelolaan sumberdaya pesisir di Indonesia dari sudut pandang pembangunan berkelanjutan dihadapkan pada kondisi yang bersifat mendua. Kondisi pertama, ada banyak kawasan yang belum tersentuh sama sekali oleh aktivitas pembangunan, namun pada kondisi lainnya terdapat beberapa kawasan pesisir yang telah dimanfaatkan dengan massif. Akibatnya, terlihat indikasi telah terlampauinya daya dukung atau kapasitas berkelanjutan dari ekosistem pesisir dan lautan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengkaji pengaruh perubahan ekologis terhadap kehidupan nelayan dan strategi adaptasi yang dilakukan nelayan dalam menghadapi perubahan ekologis di kawasan pesisir Desa Pulau Panjang, Kecamatan Simpang Empat, Kabupaten Tanah Bumbu, Kalimantan Selatan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa perubahan ekologis di kawasan ini diakibatkan oleh berbagai bentuk pemanfaatan sumberdaya pesisir yang cenderung eksploitatif. Bentuk perubahan ekologis dilihat dari kerusakan mangrove dan terumbu karang. Strategi adaptasi yang diterapkan oleh rumah tangga nelayan berbeda-beda dan tidak hanya terbatas pada satu jenis adaptasi saja. Rumah tangga nelayan mengkombinasikan berbagai macam pilihan adaptasi sesuai sumberdaya yang dimilikinya. Berdasarkan hasil observasi di lokasi penelitian, pilihan-pilihan adaptasi yang dilakukan oleh nelayan antara lain: menganekaragamkan sumber pendapatan, memanfaatkan hubungan sosial, memobilisasi anggota rumah tangga, melakukan penganekaragaman alat tangkap, dan melakukan perubahan daerah penangkapan serta melakukan strategi lainnya, yakni berupa penebangan hutan mangrove sacara ilegal dan mengandalkan bantuan-bantuan dari berbagai pihak.

There is ambiguity on conducting sustainable development in coastal area. In fact, there are still virgin coastal areas, while some coastal areas have been exploited intensively across their carrying capacities. Beside environmental conservation efforts, some adaptation strategies for the fishermen to free the changes coastal areas are needed. The result of case study in Panjang Island, South Kalimantan shows that ecological changes were caused by land degradation of mangrove’s areas. The development of mangrove’s areas are the coal ports and shrimp ponds have changed their function as natural resource, especially as natural resource of community’s livelihood. Pulau Panjang is only approximately 5 Ha, but there are at least 7 coal ports arround its coastal area. Consequently, the fishermen have lost their fish stock and their livelihood. In response to the ecological changes, adaptation may play important role. The community should be able to respond the direct and indirect effects of the changes. In deed, the fishermen in Panjang Island have their own adaptation strategies that devide into economic strategy, political strategy and social strategy. The fishermen try to colaborate their sources of income, take the benefit of social connection and exploitate their other natural resource.

Abstrak :
Global warming, overfishing, and coastal pollution are main drivers of marine ecological changes in developing countries, such as Indonesia. Marine Spatial Planning (MSP) prioritizing the establishment of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) is the local mitigation to reduce the effects of marine ecological changes. It has been acknowledged that MPAs play important roles in: (1) reducing the effects of global warming via uptaking and storing carbon into sediments, (2) protecting marine lifes via providing suitable habitats and maintining natural behaviors, (3) supporting coastal fisheries via exporting adult fishes and larvae, and (4) reducing the effects of coastal pollution via enhancing water and sediment quality. In order to gain maximum benefits, MPAs should meet four standard criteria: (1) representation, i.e. MPAs should cover all marine ecosystems (e.g. mangroves, seagrass beds, and coral reefs), (2) replication, i.e. MPAs should be established in many sites, (3) geographycally widespread network, i.e. among MPAs should be connected, and (4) self sustaining total area, i.e. MPAs should be large enough to support ecological processes.