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Abstrak :
Paparan sinar UV yang berlebihan merupakan salah satu faktor ekstrinsik penyebab terjadinya penuaan dini, yaitu akibat terbentuknya radikal bebas dan Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). Rubus fraxinifolius Poir. terutama pada bagian daunnya terbukti secara in vitro memiliki sifat antipenuaan dengan cara mencegah aktivitas enzim elastase. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis kadar total fenol, kadar total flavonoid, aktivitas antioksidan DPPH (1,1-difenil-2-pikrilhidrazil), FRAP (Ferri Reducing Antioxidant Power) dan ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) serta aktivitas penghambatan elastase dari ekstrak (hasil optimasi jenis daun dan optimasi metode ekstraksi) dan fraksi daun Rubus fraxinifolius, selanjutnya fraksi ter-aktif diformulasikan dalam sediaan gel. Penelitian diawali dengan optimasi jenis daun terlebih dahulu dengan cara ekstraksi terhadap daun tua dan daun muda secara Soxhlet, dan dievaluasi aktivitas antioksidan dan aktivitas penghambatan elastase. Selanjutnya dilakukan optimasi metode ekstraksi secara Soxhlet, Microwave Assisted Extraction (MAE) dan Ultrasound Assisted Extraction (UAE) kemudian dievaluasi aktivitas antioksidan dan aktivitas penghambatan elastase. Ekstrak teraktif selanjutnya dilakukan fraksinasi dengan n-heksana, etil asetat, dan aquadest. Fraksi teraktif dilakukan pengujian antioksidan dan aktivitas penghambatan elastase, kemudian diidentifikasi menggunakan LC-MSMS. Berdasarkan hasil optimasi jenis daun, ekstrak daun tua memiliki kinerja yang lebih baik dibandingkan dari daun muda dalam hal aktivitas antioksidan dan aktivitas penghambatan enzim elastase. Sedangkan hasil optimasi metode ekstraksi, UAE memberikan hasil terbaik untuk selanjutnya difraksinasi dan fraksi aquadest memberikan hasil terbaik aktivitas antioksidan dan aktivitas penghambatan enzim elastase. Formulasi gel fraksi aquadest dari metode ekstraksi secara UAE menunjukkan pada formula 1 dengan konsentrasi fraksi daun Rubus 3% memberikan hasil yang lebih baik dan stabil selama masa penyimpanan 12 minggu. ......Excessive exposure to UV light is one of the extrinsic factors that causes premature aging, which is due to the formation of free radicals and Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). Rubus fraxinifolius Poir. especially in the leaves have antiaging in vitro properties by preventing the activity of elastase enzyme. The purpose of this study was to analyze total phenol levels, total flavonoid levels, antioxidant activity of DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-pikrilhidrazyl), FRAP (Ferri Reducing Antioxidant Power) and ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis(3- ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) also elastase inhibitory activity of the extract (from optimizing leaf types and optimizing extraction methods) and Rubus fraxinifolius leaf fractions, then the most active fractions are formulated in Gel preparations. The research begins with optimizing leaf types first, by extraction old leaves and young leaves used Soxhlet method, and evaluated their antioxidant activity and elastase inhibition activity. Furthermore, optimization of extraction methods (Soxhlet, Microwave Assisted Extraction/ MAE and Ultrasound Assisted Extraction/ UAE) was carried out and then evaluated antioxidant activity and elastase inhibitory activity. Active extract then fractionated with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and aquadest. The most active fraction was tested for antioxidant and elastase inhibitory activity, then identified using LC-MSMS. Based on the optimization of leaf types, old leaf extract has better performance than young leaves in terms of antioxidant activity and elastase enzyme inhibitory activity. While the optimization results of extraction method UAE gave the best results. Fractionation process gave aquadest fraction the best results for antioxidant activity and elastase enzyme inhibitory activity. The gel formulation of the aquadest fraction from the UAE extraction method showed that formula 1 with a concentration of 3% Rubus leaf fraction gave better and more stable results during a storage period of 12 weeks.

Abstrak :
[ABSTRAK
Latar Belakang : Pada kanker pankreas dapat terjadi obstruksi pada duktus pankreatikus yang menghambat transfer enzim dan bikarbonat ke duodenum yang menyebabkan aktifitas enzim tidak cukup adekuat untuk mempertahankan proses pencernaan secara normal yang disebut sebagai pancreatic exocrine insufficiency (PEI), yang dapat dideteksi dengan pemeriksaan kadar fecal elastase 1. Tujuan : Mengetahui proporsi dan derajat PEI, proporsi steatore pada kanker pankreas, perbedaan kadar fecal elastase 1 antara kanker pankreas yang resectable dan unresectable dan perbedaan rerata kadar fecal elastase 1 berdasarkan stadium kanker pankreas. Metode : Penelitian ini adalah studi potong lintang untuk menentukan perbedaan kadar fecal elastase 1 antara kanker pankreas yang resectable dan unresectable. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo, beberapa rumah sakit jejaring RSCM, dan RS Wahidin Sudirohusodo Makasar dari bulan November 2014 sampai dengan Mei 2015. Uji statistik yang digunakan untuk menilai perbedaan kadar fecal elastase 1 antara kanker pankreas yang resectable dan unresectable adalah Mann Whitney dan untuk menilai perbedaan rerata kadar fecal elastase 1 berdasarkan stadium kanker pankreas adalah Kruskal Wallis. Hasil : Sebanyak 48 subyek kanker pankreas diikutkan dalam penelitian, dengan kategori resectable sebanyak 19(39,6%) subyek, dan 29(60,4%) subyek yang unresectable. Proporsi pasien kanker pankreas yang mengalami PEI sebanyak 75% (IK 95% 0,63-0,87) dan proporsi pasien kanker pankreas yang memberikan gejala steatore sebanyak 68,8% (IK 95% 0,557-0,819). Tidak ada perbedaan kadar fecal elastase 1 yang bermakna (P=0,738) antara kelompok resectable dan unresectable dengan nilai median pada kelompok resectable adalah 38,0(15-500) μg/g dan pada kelompok unresectable adalah 35,0(15-500) μg/g. Tidak ada perbedaan bermakna (p=0,767) kadar fecal elastase 1 berdasarkan stadium kanker pankreas dengan nilai median(rentang) pada stadium IB 36(15-100) μg/g, stadium IIA 62(15-500) μg/g, stadium III 15(15-500) μg/g, dan stadium IV 36(15-500) μg/g. Kesimpulan : Pada penelitian ini didapatkan proporsi PEI dan steatore yang tinggi pada kanker pankreas. Tidak ditemukan perbedaan bermakna kadar fecal elastase 1 antara kanker pankreas yang resectable dan unresectable. Tidak terdapat perbedaan rerata kadar fecal elastase 1 berdasarkan stadium kanker pankreas.

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ABSTRACT
Background : In the pancreatic cancer can occur obstruction of the pancreatic duct that inhibit the enzyme transfer and bicarbonate into the duodenum which causes the enzyme activity is not quite adequate to maintain normal digestive process referred to as pancreatic exocrine insufficiency (PEI) that can be detected by measurement of fecal elastase 1 level. Objective : Knowing the proportion and the degree of PEI, the steatore proportion in pancreatic cancer, the difference levels of fecal elastase 1 between resectable and unresectable pancreatic cancer and differences between the mean levels of fecal elastase 1 based on the stage of pancreatic cancer. Methods : A cross-sectional study to determine the difference levels of fecal elastase 1 between resectable and unresectable pancreatic cancer. This research was conducted at Cipto Mangunkusumo hospital, some satellite of Cipto Mangunkusumo hospital, and Wahidin Sudirohusodo Makasar hospital at November 2014 until May 2015. The statistical test used to assess differences in the levels of fecal elastase 1 between resectable and unresectable pancreatic cancer is Mann Whitney and to assess the differences between the mean levels of fecal elastase 1 based on staging pancreatic cancer is the Kruskal Wallis. Results : A total of 48 subjects with pancreatic cancer were participated in this study, with resectable category were 19 (39.6%) subjects, and 29 (60.4%) subjects who unresectable. The proportion of patients with pancreatic cancer that experienced PEI are 75% (CI 95% 0.63 - 0.87) and the proportion of patients with pancreatic cancer which provide steatore symptoms are 68.8% (CI 95% 0.557 - 0.819). There is no significant difference levels of fecal elastase 1 (P = 0.738) between the resectable and unresectable where the resectable group median value is 38.0 (15-500) μg / g and in unresectable group was 35.0 (15-500) μg / g. There is no significant difference (p = 0.767) levels of fecal elastase 1 based on the stage of pancreatic cancer with median (range) in stage IB 36 (15-100) pg / g, stage IIA 62 (15-500) pg / g, stage III 15 (15-500) μg / g, and stage IV 36 (15-500) μg / g. Conclusion : This study found a high proportion of PEI and steatore in pancreatic cancer. there is no significant difference fecal elastase 1 levels between the resectable and unresectable pancreatic cancer. There is no significant difference between mean levels of fecal elastase 1 based on the stage of pancreatic cancer., Background : In the pancreatic cancer can occur obstruction of the pancreatic duct that inhibit the enzyme transfer and bicarbonate into the duodenum which causes the enzyme activity is not quite adequate to maintain normal digestive process referred to as pancreatic exocrine insufficiency (PEI) that can be detected by measurement of fecal elastase 1 level. Objective : Knowing the proportion and the degree of PEI, the steatore proportion in pancreatic cancer, the difference levels of fecal elastase 1 between resectable and unresectable pancreatic cancer and differences between the mean levels of fecal elastase 1 based on the stage of pancreatic cancer. Methods : A cross-sectional study to determine the difference levels of fecal elastase 1 between resectable and unresectable pancreatic cancer. This research was conducted at Cipto Mangunkusumo hospital, some satellite of Cipto Mangunkusumo hospital, and Wahidin Sudirohusodo Makasar hospital at November 2014 until May 2015. The statistical test used to assess differences in the levels of fecal elastase 1 between resectable and unresectable pancreatic cancer is Mann Whitney and to assess the differences between the mean levels of fecal elastase 1 based on staging pancreatic cancer is the Kruskal Wallis. Results : A total of 48 subjects with pancreatic cancer were participated in this study, with resectable category were 19 (39.6%) subjects, and 29 (60.4%) subjects who unresectable. The proportion of patients with pancreatic cancer that experienced PEI are 75% (CI 95% 0.63 - 0.87) and the proportion of patients with pancreatic cancer which provide steatore symptoms are 68.8% (CI 95% 0.557 - 0.819). There is no significant difference levels of fecal elastase 1 (P = 0.738) between the resectable and unresectable where the resectable group median value is 38.0 (15-500) μg / g and in unresectable group was 35.0 (15-500) μg / g. There is no significant difference (p = 0.767) levels of fecal elastase 1 based on the stage of pancreatic cancer with median (range) in stage IB 36 (15-100) pg / g, stage IIA 62 (15-500) pg / g, stage III 15 (15-500) μg / g, and stage IV 36 (15-500) μg / g. Conclusion : This study found a high proportion of PEI and steatore in pancreatic cancer. there is no significant difference fecal elastase 1 levels between the resectable and unresectable pancreatic cancer. There is no significant difference between mean levels of fecal elastase 1 based on the stage of pancreatic cancer.]

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Sediaan krim merupakan salah satu produk kosmetik yang banyak diminati. Bahan aktif kosmetik harus dapat menembus kulit untuk menjadi efektif. Oleh karena itu penelitian dan pengembangan untuk kosmetika tidak hanya mencakup sumber, struktur dan mekanisme interaktif bahan kulit, tetapi juga efektivitasnya pada komponen kulit yang ditargetkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan aktivitas anti-kolagenase dan anti-elastase dari ekstrak kering Thalassia hemprichii, dan mengaplikasikan ekstrak kering tersebut ke dalam formula krim yang stabil dan memiliki aktivitas penghambat elastase dan kolagenase, serta dapat terpenetrasi secara in vitro. Ekstrak kering Thalassia hemprichii diperoleh dari hasil maserasi 50 etanol selama 24 jam dan dievaporasi. Aktivitas penghambatan kolagenase diukur dengan menggunakan enzim kolagenase dari Clostridium hystolyticum ChC tipe IA dan N- 3-[2-Furil]-asriloil -Leu-Gly-Pro-Ala FALGPA sebagai substrat, sedangkan aktivitas penghambatan elastase diukur melalui hasil reaksi enzimatis Human leucocyte elastase HLE tipe I dengan menggunakan N-succinyl- Ala 3-p-nitroanilide SANA sebagai substrat. Ekstrak etanol Thalassia hemprichii memiliki IC50 penghambatan kolagenase 21,877 g/mL dan IC50 penghambatan elastase 469,919 g/mL. Sediaan krim yang mengandung 1,5 ekstrak kering Thalassia hemprichii memiliki IC50 penghambatan kolagenase 20,799 g/mL dan IC50 penghambatan elastase 466,844 g/mL. Krim tersebut menunjukkan stabilitas fisik yang baik selama 12 minggu dan uji mekanik yang baik, dan dapat terpenetrasi secara in vitro. Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa krim yang mengandung ekstrak kering Thalassia hemprichii stabil secara fisik dan memiliki aktivitas anti-kolagenase, serta mampu berpenetrasi secara in vitro.

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ABSTRACT
Creams are one of the most popular cosmetic products. Cosmetic active ingredients must be able to penetrate the skin to be effective. Therefore research and development for cosmetics includes not only the skin 39 s interactive source, structure and mechanism, but also its effectiveness on targeted skin components. The aim of this research is to get anti collagenase and anti elastase activity from dry extract of Thalassia hemprichii, and apply the dried extract into stable cream, has anti collagenase and anti elastase activity, and can be penetrated. Thalassia hemprichii dry extract was obtained from 50 ethanol maceration for 24 hours and evaporated. Collagenase inhibitory activity was measured by enzymatic reaction results using collagenase from Clostridium hystolyticum ChC type IA dan N 3 2 Furil asriloil Leu Gly Pro Ala FALGPA as the substrate, while the elastase inhibitory activity was measured by enzymatic reaction results using Human leucocyte elastase HLE type I and N succinyl Ala 3 p nitroanilide SANA as the substrate. The IC50 of collagenase inhibition from the dry extract was 21,877 g mL and IC50 of elastase inhibition was 469,919 g mL. The IC50 of collagenase inhibition and The IC50 of elastase inhibition of 1.5 Thalassia hemprichii dry extract cream was 20.799 g mL and 466,844 g mL respectively. The cream showed good physical stability for 12 weeks, good mechanical tests and can be penetrated. Thus, it can be reported that Thalassia hemprichii extract has anti collagenase activity and the cream is a stable cream and also has anti collagenase activity and can be penetrated.

Abstrak :
Kayu bangkal (Nauclea subdita) (Korth.) Steud. secara tradisional digunakan sebagai masker wajah, yang dapat melindungi kulit dari pengaruh buruk sinar matahari. Penelitian sebelumnya menyatakan bahwa, ekstrak kayu bangkal memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang sangat kuat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antioksidan 1,1-difenil-2-pikrilhidrazil (DPPH), Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP), 2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), aktivitas anti-elastase, total polifenol dan flavonoid, ekstrak dan fraksi teraktif kayu bangkal, standardisasi, kandungan, kadar fraksi teraktif kayu bangkal. Rendemen metode ekstraksi UAE (Ultrasound Assisted Extraction) kayu bangkal menghasilkan rendemen tertinggi, dengan nilai 7,12% lebih tinggi dibandingkan metode MAE(Microwave Assisted Extraction) dan Soxhlet. Ekstrak teraktif (UAE) memiliki kandungan fenol sebesar 101.40±2.44 mg EAG/g ekstrak, dan flavonoid sebesar 12.86±0.08 mg EK/g ekstrak. Ekstrak teraktif (metode UAE) memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang sangat kuat (DPPH, FRAP dan ABTS) sebesar 19,75±0,06 μg/mL; 44.11±1.37 μg/mL; dan 15,14±0,03 μg/mL. Fraksi teraktif (fraksi air) kayu bangkal memiliki aktivitas antioksidan (DPPH, FRAP dan ABTS) yang sangat kuat sebesar 15,24±0,02 μg/mL; 58.53±0.23 μg/mL; 22.34±0.02 μg/mL. Ekstrak teraktif kayu bangkal memiliki aktivitas penghambatan elastase sebesar 361,22±16,20 μg/mL. Fraksi teraktif memiliki aktivitas penghambatan elastase sebesar 706,611±22.25 μg/mL. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak dan fraksi teraktif kayu bangkal memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang sangat kuat, berpotensi sebagai anti-elastase. Fraksi teraktif kayu bangkal telah distandarisasi berdasarkan parameter spesifik dan non spesifik serta memiliki kandungan kuersetin dengan kadar 0,215±0,118 μg/mL. ......Bangkal wood (Nauclea subdita) (Korth.) Steud. is traditionally used as a face mask, which can protect the skin from the adverse effects of sunlight. Previous research stated that bangkal wood extract had potent antioxidant activity. This study was conducted to determine the antioxidant activity of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP), 2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), anti-elastase activity, total polyphenols and flavonoids content, of the most active extract and fraction of bangkal wood, standardization, content, levels of the most active fraction of bangkal wood. The Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (UAE) method of bangkal wood produced the highest yield, with a value of 7.12% higher than the Microwave Assisted Extraction (MAE) and Soxhlet methods. The most active extract (UAE) had a phenol content of 101.40±2.44 mg EAG/g extract, and flavonoids of 12.86±0.08 mg EK/g extract. The most active extract (UAE method) had potent antioxidant activities of 19.75±0.06 μg/mL; 44.11±1.37 μg/mL; and 15.14±0.03 μg/mL. The most active fraction (water fraction) of bangkal wood had potent antioxidant activity of 15.24±0.02 μg/mL; 58.53±0.23 μg/mL; 22.34±0.02 μg/mL. The most active extract of bangkal wood had elastase inhibitory activity of 361.22±16.20 μg/mL. The most active fraction had an elastase inhibitory activity of 706.611±22.25 μg/mL.The results of this study indicated that the extract and the most active fraction of bangkal wood had potent antioxidant activity, and potential as anti-elastase. The most active fraction of bangkal wood had been standardized based on specific and non-specific parameters and had quercetin content with a level of 0.215±0.118 μg/mL.

Abstrak :
Indonesia memiliki keberagaman keong darat yang tinggi, namun pemanfaatannya masih sangat terbatas. Lendir keong darat saat ini sudah digunakan sebagai sediaan kosmesetikal karena adanya dukungan ilmiah yang melaporkan bahwa lendir beberapa spesies keong darat memiliki bioaktivitas yang bermanfaat untuk kesehatan dan kecantikan kulit. Amphidromus palaceus adalah salah satu spesies keong darat native Indonesia yang memiliki tubuh relatif besar sehingga mudah untuk di koleksi lendirnya. Penelitian bioprospeksi lendir A. palaceus sebagai sediaan kosmesetikal belum banyak dilakukan sampai saat ini. Beberapa klaim kosmesetikal yang menarik untuk ditelusuri adalah pencarian agen pemutih dan anti kerut. Inhibisi tirosinase via jalur biosintesis melanin dapat digunakan sebagai klaim agen pemutih, sedangkan inhibisi elastase via jalur degradasi elastin dapat digunakan sebagai klaim anti kerut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi senyawa metabolit lendir A. palaceus, serta mengungkap potensinya sebagai inhibitor tirosinase dan elastase melalui penambatan molekuler. Identifikasi senyawa metabolit menggunakan instrumen UPLC-MS/MS, sedangkan penambatan molekuler menggunakan perangkat lunak AutoDock Tools 1.5.7 dan AutoDock 4.2. Penelitian ini berhasil mengidentifikasi 17 senyawa metabolit lendir A. palaceus dengan 10 senyawa dengan status terduga dan 7 senyawa dengan status terkonfirmasi. Analisis penambatan molekuler menunjukkan 6 senyawa kandidat inhibitor tirosinase dan 7 senyawa kandidat inhibitor elastase. Senyawa 4-(1-phenylethyl)-N-[4-(1-phenylethyl) phenyl]aniline merupakan senyawa kunci (lead compound) paling berpotensi menginhibisi tirosinase dan elastase. ......Indonesia has a high diversity of land snails, but their use is still very limited. Land snail mucus is now used as a cosmeceutical preparation because of scientific support which reports that the mucus of several land snail species has bioactivity that is beneficial for skin health and beauty. Amphidromus palaceus is a species of land snail native to Indonesia which has a relatively large body so it is easy to collect its mucus. Research on bioprospecting of A. palaceus mucus as a cosmeceutical preparation has not been carried out to date. Some interesting cosmeceutical claims to explore include the search for whitening and anti-wrinkle agents. Tyrosinase inhibition via the melanin biosynthesis pathway can be used as a whitening agent claim, while elastase inhibition via the elastin degradation pathway can be used as an anti-wrinkle claim. This research aims to identify bioactive compounds in A. palaceus mucus, and reveal their potential as inhibitors of tyrosinase and elastase through molecular docking. Identification of bioactive compounds using UPLC-MS/MS instruments, while molecular docking using AutoDock Tools 1.5.7 and AutoDock 4.2 software. This research succeeded in identifying 17 bioactive compounds in A. palaceus mucus with 10 compounds with suspected status and 7 compounds with confirmed status. Molecular docking analysis showed 6 tyrosinase inhibitor candidate compounds and 7 elastase inhibitor candidate compounds. The compound 4-(1-phenylethyl)-N-[4-(1-phenylethyl) phenyl]aniline is the key compound (lead compound) with the most potential to inhibit tyrosinase and elastase.

Abstrak :
Daun senggani (Melastoma malabathricum L.) mengandung senyawa fenolik dan flavonoid yang diketahui dapat menghambat aktivitas elastase. Daun senggani merupakan bahan alam yang banyak mengandung polifenol dan memiliki banyak manfaat secara etnofarmakologi seperti penyembuhan luka potong dan luka tusuk, diare, disentri, sakit gigi dan secara ilmiah memiliki manfaat sebagai antimikroba, antiinflamasi, antioksidan dan lain sebagainya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi dari ekstrak daun senggani dalam menghambat aktivitas elastase yang diekstraksi secara bertingkat dengan bantuan alat Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction (UAE) menggunakan tiga macam pelarut yakni n-heksana, etil asetat dan etanol 70%. Ekstrak yg didapatkan diuji penghambatannya terhadap aktivitas elastase dengan menggunakan microplate reader, kemudian dilakukan penetapan kadar flavonoid dan fenol total pada ekstrak teraktif. Hasil uji penghambatan aktivitas elastase menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol 70% daun senggani merupakan ekstrak teraktif dengan nilai IC50 95,88 µg/mL. Kadar flavonoid dan fenol total pada ekstrak etanol 70% daun senggani berturut-turut adalah 7,33 mg QE/g ekstrak dan dan 80,67 mg GAE / g ekstrak. ......Sengganis leaves (Melastoma malabathricum L.) contains flavonoid and phenolic compounds that are known could inhibit elastase activity. Senggani leaves are natural ingredients that contain polyphenols and has many ethnopharmacologically benefits to treat such as cuts and wounds, diarrhoea, dysentery, tootache and scientific findings such as antimicrobials, anti-inflammatory, antioxidants and so forth. This study aims to test the inhibition of elastase activity using Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction (UAE) with three different types of solvents; n-hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol 70% extract of senggani leaves. Each extract was tested for its inhibition of elastase activity using microplate reader, then total flavonoid and phenolic content was determined at the most active extract. The result of inhibition test of elastase activity showed that ethanol 70% extract of senggani`s leaves was the most active extract with IC50 value 95.88 ¼g/mL. Total flavonoid and phenolic content in ethanol 70% extract were 7.33 mg QE/g extract and 80,67 mg GAE/g extract respectively.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Tanaman yang mengandung antioksidan dapat dikembangkan menjadi sediaan kosmetik krim anti-kerut karena kemampuannya sebagai anti-kolagenase dan anti-elastase. Rumput laut coklat Sargassum sp. diketahui mengandung antioksidan polifenol seperti senyawa floroglusinol. Penelitian terhadap Sargassum sp. perlu dilakukan karena pemanfataan rumput laut belum maksimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan krim Sargassum sp yang stabil dan memiliki aktivitas anti-kolagenase serta anti-elastase. Sediaan krim Sargassum plagyophyllum diuji total fenolik dengan metode Folin- ciocalteu dan diuji aktivitas anti-kolagenase dan elastasenya. Hasil menunjukkan krim Sargassum plagyophyllum memiliki total fenolik yaitu 5,597 0,74 mg PGE/g ekstrak kering, dan memiliki nilai IC50 anti-kolagenase krim sebesar 20,83 ?g/mL sedangkan nilai IC50 anti-elastase sebesar 183,73 ?g/mL. Kesimpulannya bahwa sediaan krim Sargassum plagyophyllum stabil dan memiliki aktivitas anti-kolagenase serta anti-elastase.

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ABSTRACT
Anti wrinkle cosmetic preparations which function as anti collagenase and anti elastase is caused by the ability of antioxidants inside the plants. Brown seaweed Sargassum sp. is known to contain polyphenol antioxidants such as phloroglucinol compounds. The number of seaweed production is high but its utilization has not been maximized. This study to obtain cream containing Sargassum sp. extract which is stable and have anti collagenase and anti elastase activity.The total phenolic content of Sargassum plagyophyllum cream was tested with Folin ciocalteu method and then tested for its anti collagenase and elastase activity. The result show that the Sargassum plagyophyllum cream formulation has total phenol content of 5.597 0.74 mg PGE g of dried extract, IC50 value of cream as anti collagenase was 20.83 g mL and as an anti elastase value of 183.73 g mL. In conclusion, Sargassum plagyophyllum can be developed as a stable cream and has anti collagenase and anti elastase activity.

Abstrak :
Riset pencarian senyawa bioaktif yang memiliki aktivitas penghambatan terhadap enzim elastase dan antioksidan dalam menunda proses penuaan pada kulit terus diupayakan agar dapat dikembangkan menjadi kandidat agen anti-aging yang potensial. Tanaman mabolo (Diospyros blancoi A. DC.) merupakan tanaman asli Indonesia yang belum banyak dieksplorasi pemanfaatannya baik secara tradisional maupun ilmiah sebagai anti-aging. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi senyawa bioaktif dari ekstrak metanol daun (EDM) atau ekstrak metanol kulit batang (EKM) tanaman mabolo yang memiliki aktivitas anti-elastase dan antioksidan teraktif. Ekstraksi daun dan kulit batang dengan pelarut metanol mengggunakan ultrasound assisted-extraction (UAE). Aktivitas anti-elastase dan antioksidan dari tiap ekstrak, fraksi, subfraksi, dan isolat dievaluasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa EKM memiliki aktivitas anti-elastase dan antioksidan lebih kuat dibanding EDM meskipun keduanya memiliki aktivitas yang sangat kuat dibawah 50 µg/mL. EKM sebagai ekstrak teraktif dilanjutkan fraksinasi padat-cair dan menghasilkan fraksi etil asetat kulit batang mabolo (FEKM) yang memiliki aktivitas anti-elastase dan antioksidan paling kuat dibandingkan dengan fraksi metanol kulit batang mabolo (FMKM) maupun fraksi heksan kulit batang mabolo (FHKM). FEKM sebagai fraksi teraktif difraksinasi lebih lanjut dengan kromatografi kolom menghasilkan 16 subfraksi etil asetat kulit batang mabolo (SEKM A-SEKM P). Hasil identifikasi isolat melalui FTIR dan NMR dibandingkan terhadap literatur. Isolat DB1 yang diperoleh dari isolasi SEKM N diduga asam galat, sedangkan isolat DB2 yang diperoleh dari isolasi SEKM L dan SEKM N diduga asam betulinat. Aktivitas anti-elastase isolat DB2 [IC50 = 8,62 µg/mL (18,88 µM)] lebih kuat dibanding DB1 (IC₅₀ = 93,35 µg/mL (548,70 µM)]. Akan tetapi, aktivitas antioksidan isolat DB1 lebih kuat dibanding isolat DB2. Sementara itu, aktvitas antielastase isolat DB2 menunjukkan jenis inhibisi unkompetitif secara in vitro. Hasil interaksi secara in silico diprediksi isolat DB2 menghambat bukan pada sisi aktif enzim elastase (1B0F) dengan energi bebas ikatan sebesar -5,85 kcal/mol. ......Studies on the discovery of bioactive compounds that have inhibitory activity against elastase enzymes and antioxidants in delaying the skin's aging process are still being explored so that potential anti-aging agents could be developed. The mabolo plant (Diospyros blancoi A. DC.) is a native Indonesian plant that has not been widely explored for its traditional and scientific uses as anti-aging. This study aimed to identify bioactive compounds from leaf methanol extract (EDM) or stem bark methanol extract (EKM) of the mabolo plant that have the most active anti-elastase and antioxidant activities. Extraction of leaves and stem bark with methanol solvent using ultrasound assisted-extraction (UAE). Both the anti-elastase and antioxidant activities of each extract, fraction, subfraction, and isolate were evaluated. The results showed that EKM had stronger anti-elastase and antioxidant activities than EDM although both had very strong activities below 50 µg/mL. EKM as the most active extract was followed by solid-liquid fractionation and resulted in ethyl acetate fraction of mabolo stem bark (FEKM) which had the strongest anti-elastase and antioxidant activities compared to methanol fraction of mabolo stem bark (FMKM) and hexane fraction of mabolo stem bark (FHKM). FEKM as the most active fraction was further fractionated by column chromatography to obtain 16 ethyl acetate subfractions of mabolo stem bark (SEKM A - SEKM P). The results of isolate identification by FTIR and NMR were compared to the literature. Isolate DB1 obtained from SEKM N isolation was considered gallic acid, while isolate DB2 obtained from SEKM L and SEKM N isolation was considered betulinic acid. The anti-elastase activity of isolate DB2 [IC50 = 8.62 µg/mL (18.88 µM)] was stronger than DB1 (IC50 = 93.35 µg/mL (548.70 µM)]. However, the antioxidant activity of isolate DB1 was stronger than isolate DB2. Meanwhile, the anti-elastase activity of isolate DB2 showed an uncompetitive type of inhibition in vitro. In silico interaction results predicted DB2 isolate inhibits not on the active side of the elastase enzyme (1B0F) with a binding free energy of -5.85 kcal/mol.

Abstrak :
Mikroalga Nannochloropsis sp. memiliki kandungan biomassa bervariasi, salah satunya protein. Hidrolisis protein menghasilkan peptida dan asam amino sehingga meningkatkan bioaktivitas dari protein. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan protein hidrolisat dari mikroalga Nannochloropsis sp. serta mengetahui keamanan dan efektivitasnya sebagai produk kosmetik anti-aging. Protein hidrolisat mikroalga Nannochloropsis sp. (PHMN) diperoleh dari proses hidrolisis menggunakan enzim alkalase. PHMN dievaluasi perolehan rendemen, derajat hidrolisis, kandungan proksimat, asam amino serta aktivitas anti-elastasenya. PHMN diformulasikan menjadi sediaan emulgel, kemudian dievaluasi sifat fisikokimia dan stabilitasnya. Uji keamanan produk kosmetik PHMN dilakukan dan efektivitas produk kosmetik PHMN sebagai anti-aging dievaluasi dengan mengukur serat kolagen, elastisitas, dan kelembaban kulit relawan. Protein hidrolisat yang diperoleh memiliki nilai rendemen sebesar 25,77%±3,16% (b/b), derajat hidrolisis sebesar 36,73%, dan mengandung asam amino yang didominasi oleh asam glutamat, asam aspartat, dan leusin. Nilai konsentrasi penghambatan setengah maksimal (IC50) PHMN sebagai anti-elastase yaitu 244,43 mg/mL. Produk kosmetik PHMN menunjukkan stabilitas yang baik yaitu homogen dan kadar yang stabil setelah 24 minggu. Penggunaan produk kosmetik PHMN tidak menyebabkan iritasi dan meningkatkan serat kolagen, elastisitas, dan kelembaban kulit setelah 28 hari. Dari penelitian ini disimpulkan bahwa diperoleh protein hidrolisat dari mikroalga Nannochloropsis sp. serta produk kosmetik PHMN memiliki karakteristik yang baik, aman, dan efektif sebagai anti-aging ......Microalgae Nannochloropsis sp. contain various biomass composition including protein. Protein hydrolysis generate peptide and amino acids so that protein bioactivity improves. The purpose of study was to obtain protein hydrolysate from Nannochloropsis sp. microalgae, also assess its safety and efficacy as anti-aging cosmetic product. Nannochloropsis sp. protein hydrolysate (NPH) was obtained from microalgae through enzymatic hydrolysis using alcalase enzyme and characterized for yield, degree of hydrolysis (DH), proximate content, amino acids composition, and anti-elastase activity. NPH was formulated as emulgel, then evaluated for physical characteristics and stability. NPH cosmetic product was evaluated for safety and efficacy as anti-aging by measuring collagen fibers, elasticity, and moisture in volunteers. NPH was obtained with yield of 25.77±3.16% (w/w), DH value of 36.73%, and amino acids dominated by glutamic acid, aspartic acid, and leucin. Half-maximum inhibitory concentration (IC50) value as anti-elastase was 244.43 µg/mL. NPH cosmetic product showed good stability which homogenous and had stable protein content after 24 weeks storage. NPH cosmetic product usage did not cause skin irritation and increased collagen fiber, elasticity and moisture after 28 days. In conclusion, protein hydrolysate was obtained from Nannochloropsis sp. microalgae and NPH cosmetic product had good characteristic, safe, and effective as anti-aging.

Abstrak :
Penuaan dini pada kulit skin aging merupakan suatu permasalahan yang dapat disebabkan peningkatan aktivitas proteolitik elastase. Peningkatan aktivitas elastase menyebabkan pemecahan dan disorganisasi elastin pada jaringan ikat, sehingga dapat menurunkan elastisitas dan fleksibilitas pada kulit berupa keriput. Senyawa alami pada tumbuhan, khususnya polifenol terbukti dapat menghambat aktivitas elastase dan mencegah penuaan dini pada kulit. Daun Belimbing A. carambola merupakan bahan alam yang banyak mengandung polifenol dan memiliki banyak manfaat seperti antioksidan, antiinflamasi, hipoglikemi, antimikroba, dan lain sebagainya. Namun, belum terdapat penelitian yang membuktikan bahwa daun A. carambola memiliki aktivitas penghambatan terhadap elastase. Pada penelitian ini, akan dilakukan pengujian penghambatan aktivitas elastase pada fraksi air, etil asetat, dan n-heksana Daun A. carambola dari tiga daerah di Jawa Barat Depok, Sukabumi, dan Subang. Masing-masing fraksi diuji penghambatannya terhadap aktivitas elastase menggunakan microplate reader, kemudian dilakukan penetapan kadar fenol dan flavonoid total pada fraksi teraktif. Hasil uji penghambatan aktivitas elastase menunjukkan bahwa fraksi air daun A. carambola Depok merupakan fraksi teraktif dengan nilai IC50 160,36 g/mL. Kadar fenol dan flavonoid total pada fraksi air daun A. carambola Depok berturut-turut adalah 115,68 mg GAE / g fraksi dan dan 9,15 mg QE / g fraksi. ......Premature skin aging is a problem that can be caused by an increase in proteolytic activity of the elastase. Increased elastase activity causes breakdown and disorganization of elastin in connective tissue, thus reducing elasticity and flexibility in form of wrinkled skin. Natural compounds in plants, especially polyphenols have been shown to inhibit elastase activity and prevent premature aging of the skin. Star fruit 39s A. carambola leaves is a natural material that contains many polyphenols and has many benefits such as antioxidants, anti inflammatory, hypoglycemic, antimicrobial, and so forth. However, there is no studies have shown that A. carambola leaves have inhibitory activity against elastase yet. In this research, we will test the inhibition of elastase activity on the water, ethyl acetate and n hexane fractions of A. carambolas leaves. from three regions in West Java Depok, Sukabumi, and Subang. Each fraction was tested for its inhibition of elastase activity using microplate reader, then total phenol and flavonoid content was determined at the most active fraction. The result of inhibition test of elastase activity showed that water fraction of A. carambola lsquo s leaves Depok was the most active fraction with IC50 value 160.36 g mL. Total phenol and flavonoid content in water fraction A. carambola lsquo s leaves Depok were 115.68 mg GAE g fraction and 9.15 mg QE g fraction respectively.