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Abstrak :
Kota Bogor merupakan salah satu kota penyangga di Jabodetabek yang mengalami pertumbuhan penduduk dan perkembangan perkotaan yang pesat. Hal ini dapat menyebabkan perubahan tutupan lahan sehingga terjadi perluasan wilayah terbangun. Tutupan lahan terbangun atau tutupan permukaan kedap air akan menyebabkan suhu permukaan daratan di suatu wilayah lebih tinggi dan berpotensi mengalami Urban Heat Island. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis distribusi spasial suhu permukaan daratan, tutupan lahan, emisi karbon monoksida, dan fenomena UHI, serta menganalisis hubungan fenomena UHI dengan tutupan lahan dan emisi karbon monoksida di Kota Bogor. Tutupan lahan dan fenomena Urban Heat Island diamati menggunakan data citra Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS tahun 2018 dan 2021. Sedangkan titik emisi karbon monoksida diperoleh dari Dinas Lingkungan Hidup Kota Bogor. Data tersebut dianalisis secara spasial untuk mengetahui distribusi fenomena UHI dan kaitannya dengan tutupan lahan dan emisi karbon monoksida. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam periode waktu 2018 ke 2021, distribusi spasial suhu mengikuti tutupan lahan dan tidak mengikuti emisi karbon monoksida di mana tutupan lahan terbangun memiliki suhu yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kelas tutupan lahan yang lain. Distribusi spasial fenomena UHI dari 2018 ke 2021 mengikuti tutupan lahan terbangun dan tidak mengikuti sebaran emisi karbon monoksida. Berdasarkan analisis hubungan pada data tahun 2018 dan 2021 menunjukkan bahwa suhu akan meningkat dan berpotensi mengalami Urban Heat Island apabila tutupan lahannya berupa lahan terbangun. Sedangkan untuk wilayah yang bervegetasi cenderung memiliki suhu permukaan daratan yang rendah. Untuk emisi karbon monoksida, suatu wilayah akan memiliki suhu yang tinggi dan berpotensi mengalami Urban Heat Island apabila terjadi peningkatan emisi karbon monoksida terutama di tutupan lahan terbangun. ......Bogor City is one of the buffer cities in Jabodetabek which is experiencing rapid population growth and urban development. This can cause changes in land cover resulting in an expansion of the built-up area. Built-up land cover or impervious surface has higher land surface temperatures and has the potential to cause an Urban Heat Island. This study aims to analyze the spatial distribution of land surface temperature, land cover, carbon monoxide emissions, and the UHI phenomenon, and to analyze the relationship between the UHI phenomenon and land cover and carbon monoxide emissions in Bogor City. Land cover and the Urban Heat Island phenomenon were observed using Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS image data for 2018 and 2021. Meanwhile, the carbon monoxide emission point was obtained from the Bogor City Environment Agency. The data was analyzed spatially to determine the distribution of the UHI phenomenon and its relation to land cover and carbon monoxide emissions. The results show that in the time period 2018 to 2021, the spatial temperature distribution follows land cover and does not follow carbon monoxide emissions where built-up land cover has a higher temperature compared to other land cover classes. The spatial distribution of the UHI phenomenon from 2018 to 2021 follows the built-up land cover and does not follow the distribution of carbon monoxide emissions. Based on the relationship analysis on the data for 2018 and 2021, it shows that temperatures will increase and there is a potential for an Urban Heat Island if the land cover is built-up land. Meanwhile, vegetated areas tend to have low land surface temperatures. For carbon monoxide emissions, an area will have high temperatures and has the potential to cause an Urban Heat Island if there is an increase in carbon monoxide emissions, especially in built-up area.

Abstrak :
Kota Bogor merupakan salah satu kota penyangga di Jabodetabek yang mengalami pertumbuhan penduduk dan perkembangan perkotaan yang pesat. Hal ini dapat menyebabkan perubahan tutupan lahan sehingga terjadi perluasan wilayah terbangun. Tutupan lahan terbangun atau tutupan permukaan kedap air akan menyebabkan suhu permukaan daratan di suatu wilayah lebih tinggi dan berpotensi mengalami Urban Heat Island. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis distribusi spasial suhu permukaan daratan, tutupan lahan, emisi karbon monoksida, dan fenomena UHI, serta menganalisis hubungan fenomena UHI dengan tutupan lahan dan emisi karbon monoksida di Kota Bogor. Tutupan lahan dan fenomena Urban Heat Island diamati menggunakan data citra Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS tahun 2018 dan 2021. Sedangkan titik emisi karbon monoksida diperoleh dari Dinas Lingkungan Hidup Kota Bogor. Data tersebut dianalisis secara spasial untuk mengetahui distribusi fenomena UHI dan kaitannya dengan tutupan lahan dan emisi karbon monoksida. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam periode waktu 2018 ke 2021, distribusi spasial suhu mengikuti tutupan lahan dan tidak mengikuti emisi karbon monoksida di mana tutupan lahan terbangun memiliki suhu yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kelas tutupan lahan yang lain. Distribusi spasial fenomena UHI dari 2018 ke 2021 mengikuti tutupan lahan terbangun dan tidak mengikuti sebaran emisi karbon monoksida. Berdasarkan analisis hubungan pada data tahun 2018 dan 2021 menunjukkan bahwa suhu akan meningkat dan berpotensi mengalami Urban Heat Island apabila tutupan lahannya berupa lahan terbangun. Sedangkan untuk wilayah yang bervegetasi cenderung memiliki suhu permukaan daratan yang rendah. Untuk emisi karbon monoksida, suatu wilayah akan memiliki suhu yang tinggi dan berpotensi mengalami Urban Heat Island apabila terjadi peningkatan emisi karbon monoksida terutama di tutupan lahan terbangun. ......Bogor City is one of the buffer cities in Jabodetabek which is experiencing rapid population growth and urban development. This can cause changes in land cover resulting in an expansion of the built-up area. Built-up land cover or impervious surface has higher land surface temperatures and has the potential to cause an Urban Heat Island. This study aims to analyze the spatial distribution of land surface temperature, land cover, carbon monoxide emissions, and the UHI phenomenon, and to analyze the relationship between the UHI phenomenon and land cover and carbon monoxide emissions in Bogor City. Land cover and the Urban Heat Island phenomenon were observed using Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS image data for 2018 and 2021. Meanwhile, the carbon monoxide emission point was obtained from the Bogor City Environment Agency. The data was analyzed spatially to determine the distribution of the UHI phenomenon and its relation to land cover and carbon monoxide emissions. The results show that in the time period 2018 to 2021, the spatial temperature distribution follows land cover and does not follow carbon monoxide emissions where builtup land cover has a higher temperature compared to other land cover classes. The spatial distribution of the UHI phenomenon from 2018 to 2021 follows the built-up land cover and does not follow the distribution of carbon monoxide emissions. Based on the relationship analysis on the data for 2018 and 2021, it shows that temperatures will increase and there is a potential for an Urban Heat Island if the land cover is built-up land. Meanwhile, vegetated areas tend to have low land surface temperatures. For carbon monoxide emissions, an area will have high temperatures and has the potential to cause an Urban Heat Island if there is an increase in carbon monoxide emissions, especially in built-up area.

Abstrak :
Pada penelitian ini, telah dirancang alat pendingin udara dengan tujuan untuk melakukan perbaikan udara masuk ke ruang bakar kendaraan dengan cara menurunkan suhu sehingga kerapatan partikel udara akan meningkat. Dengan perbaikan ini diharapkan dapat berpengaruh pada kondisi campuran udara dan bahan bakar sehingga akan terjadi peningkatan performa kendaraan. Daya roda belakang, konsumsi bahan bakar dan emisi kendaraan dipantau selama pengujian menggunakan chassis dyno tester. Hasil penelitian ini, suhu udara dapat diturunkan menjadi 25˚C dari 30˚C pada kondisi udara bergerak mesin putaran idle, akan tetapi performa kendaraan masih mengalami penurunan 28% dibawah kondisi standar. Hal ini disebabkan adanya tahanan aliran udara akibat pemasangan sirip dan pipa pada saluran udara. Namun demikian didapatkan manfaat yang lain yaitu penurunan kadar emisi karbon monoksida sebesar 9,8% dari kondisi standar. ......In this study, air-conditioning equipment has been designed in order to do improving the air condition by lowering the temperature so that the density of the air particles which is flow into the vehicle combustion chamber will increase. With these improvements, expected there are some effects to the conditions of airfuel mixture so it will increase the vehicle performance. Rear wheel power, fuel consumption and vehicle emissions were monitored during testing using a chassis dyno tester. The results of this study, the temperature of the air has been reduced to 25 ˚ C from 30 ˚ C in the air flowing condition during engine idle, but the vehicle's performance still fell 28% under standard conditions. This is due to air flow resistance which is caused by the installation of the fin and tube in the air duct. However, another benefit is obtained, the decreasing levels of carbon monoxide emissions by 9,8% from the standard conditions by using this equipment.