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Abstrak :
Ruang lingkup dan cara penelitian: Penentuan daerah endemis merupakan langkah paling awal yang harus dilakukan dalam program eliminasi filariasis. Dalam program eliminasi filariasis global WHO menganjurkan penggunaan metode serodiagnosis. Untuk filariasis brugia, metode serodiagnosis terbaik yang ada saat ini adalah deteksi antibodi IgG4 anti-filaria. Deteksi tersebut telah dikembangkan dalam bentuk dipstik (disebut brugia rapid) yang pengerjaannya sangat mudah dan singkat. Dalam penelitian ini ingin diketahui apakah brugia rapid dapat digunakan untuk mendeteksi IgG4 anti-filaria terhadap B. timori dan menentukan daerah endemis filariasis timori. Penelitian ini merupakan studi uji diagnostik dengan desain cross-sectional. Sebagai pembanding digunakan metode baku emas diagnosis filariasis secara mikroskopis melalui deteksi mikrofilaria dengan teknik membran filtrasi (data sekunder), Penelitian dilakukan di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Mainang di Pulau Alor, Nusa Tenggara Timur, menggunakan 500 sampel. Untuk melihat perbedaan hasil membran filtrasi dan brugia rapid dalam mendeteksi infeksi filariasis digunakan uj: Chi-square Mc-Nemar. Hasil dan kesimpulan: Dalam peneltitian ini diperoleh angka infeksi filariasis berdasarkan pemeriksaan membran filtrasi sebesar 27,2%, sedangkan berdasarkan brugia rapid sebesar 77%. Uji McNemar menyatakan kedua metode tersebut memiliki perbedaan bermakna (p=0,000). Hasil pemeriksaan dengan brugia rapid memiliki sensitivitas 100% dan spesifisitas 31,59% terhadap membran filtrasi. Disimpulkan bahwa: Metode brugia rapid dapat digunakan sebagai indikator daerah endemis filariasis timori. Brugia rapid dapat mendeteksi adanya infeksi filariasis timori, namun tidak dapat digunakan untuk memperkirakan angka mikrofilaria. Brugia rapid memberikan hasil yang lebih sensitif dibandingkan membran filtrasi. Brugia rapid dapat mendeteksi populasi normal endemik, karier mikrofilaremia dan pasien filariasis kronis di daerah endemis filariasis timori. ......Scope and method: Identification of endemic area is needed to initiate global elimination program of filariasis. In such program, WHO proposed a serodiagnostic method to determine the endemic areas. The best serodiagnostic method for brugian filariasis is anti-filarial IgG4 antibody detection, which is now being available in dipstick format (named brugia rapid test). The test is easy to perform and the result can be read in ten minutes. In this study I intended to test the ability of brugia rapid to detect filariasis infection in order to determine timorian filariasis endemic area. This was a cross-sectional diagnostic test study done in Mainang Puskesmas, Alor Island, East Nusa Tenggara. A total of 500 people were participated in this study. Conventional method, filtration membrane technique, was used as control method (secondary data). The result was analyzed by McNemar Chi-square test. Result and conclusion: This present study showed that filariasis infection rate based on filtration membrane technique (mf rate) was 27.2%, while brugia rapid was 77.0%. McNemar test clarified that both methods were significantly different (p=0.000). Examination using brugia rapid has 100% sensitivity and 31.59% specificity against filtration membrane. Based on the results, it was concluded that: Brugia rapid method could be applied as indicator to determine timorian filariasis endemic areas. Brugia rapid was able to detect timorian filariasis infection, but mf rate cannot be predicted by brugia rapid. However, brugia rapid gave more sensitive result compared to filtration membrane. Besides, brugia rapid was able to detect endemic normal, microfilaraemic carriers and chronic lymphoedema patients.

Abstrak :
Studi tentang pertumbuhan fisik telah menunjukkan bahwa pertumbuhan anak usia 13 -15 tahun merupakan pertumbuhan fisik yang cepat. Pada anak perempuan, hal tersebut berhubungan dengan kematangan seksual yang merupakan ciri-ciri pubertas, ditandai haid pertama dan berkaitan dengan keadaan gizi dan psikhisnya. Studi pengantar di Tanjungsari mengenai kematangan seksual, ditemukan data Cohort WHO, dari 3500 anak terdapat 1550 anak perempuan dengan tiugkat maturasi seksual 28 anak (1,8%). Usia menarchenya 12 tahun, dan ditemukan 11 responden (0,70 %) atau (39,28%) dad data kematangan seksual, telah menikah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dan faktor apa yang dominan berhubungan dengan kematangan seksual. Desain penelitian merupakan survey dengan pendekatan Cross Sectional, lokasi di Kecamatan Tanjungsari Kabupaten Sumedang Jawa Barat, dilaksanakan pada bulan April sampai bulan Juni tahun 2003. Jumlah sampel 150 anak perempuan usia 13 sampai 15 tahun. Vaniabel babas yang diduga berhubungan idalah Indeks Masa Tubuh, Status anemia, Kadar lemak tubuh, Perilaku sosial, Umur, Pendidikan, Pendidikan Ayah, Pendapatan Orangtua dan Kebiasaan keluarga. Data merupakan data primer yang dikumpulkan dari anak perempuan dengan menghitung Indeks Masa Tubuh dari pengukuran berat badan dalam kilogram dibagi ukuran tinggi badan dalam meter kuadrat dan Status Anemia. Ban pengambilan sampel darah anak kemudian dianalisa hasilnya dalam ukuran gram %. Prosentase lemak tubuh, dilakukan setelah diketahui ukuran tinggi badan, berat badan, umur dan jenis kelaniin,masukkan dalam BIA, hasilnya berupa prosentase. Data kematangan seksual diperoleh dari pemeriksaan fisik tanda kematangan seksual sekunder, sedangkan data mengenai perilaku sosial, umur, pendidikan, pendidikan ayah, pendapatan orangtua, serta kebiasaan keluarga diperoleh melalui kuesioner. Pengolahan data dilakukan manual, dan bantuan komputer, data yang terkumpul dimasukan pada program. Hasil analisa Univariat dari 150 Responder, melalui pengukuran Indeks Masa Tubuh, diperoleh status gizi kurang sebanyak 35 responden (23,3%), 15 responden (10%) mengalami Anemia, melalui lemak tubuh didapatkan data Gizi kurang 78 responden (52,0%). Sebanyak 33 responden (22,0%) mengalami kematangan seksual lambat, 117 responden (78,0 %) mengalami kematangan seksual cepat. Hasil analisa Bivariat menggunakan Chi-Square ditemukan 2 variabel yang berhubungan dengan kematangan seksual yaitu Lemak tubuh dengan p value = 0,005, dan kebiasaan keluarga p value = 0,004. Faktor-faktor lainnya yaitu, Indeks Masa Tubuh, Status Anemia, umur, Sikap perilaku sosial, pendidikan anak, pendidikan ayah dan pendapatan orangtua tidak berhubungan dengan kematangan seksual. Analisa multivariat yang mempunyai p value terkecil adalah kebiasaan keluarga dengan p Value = 0,004, dan ini merupakan faktor yang paling dominan berhubungan dengan kematangan seksual secara bermakna. Sebagai saran, Puskesmas dan Instansi pusat terkait perlu meningkatkan program pelayanan kesehatan reproduksi remaja di daerah ini. Untuk peminat dan peneliti lain perlu meneliti lebih lanjut mengenai masalah reproduksi remaja, terutama bila anak akan menghadapi masa berkeluarga. ...... A study about physical growth has found that the children's growth spurt is occur at the age of 13 to 15 year old. On a girl, this episode is related to her sexual maturity, which usually called as puberty. It is usually characterized by the onset of menarche, her first menstruation, and related to her state of nutrition and of psychology. An introductory study at Tanjungsari on sexual maturity, using WHO's cohort data, has found that among 3,500 children there are 1,550 girls. And among those girls there were 28 (1.8%) girls who already have their sexual maturation, with details information that their age of menarche are 12 years old, and found that 11 of them (39.28%) were married. Study will be carried out, and have a purpose on finding out what factors related and which factor that have a greatest role in determining the sexual maturity. The design of the study is a survey with a cross-sectional approach, will be held in Kecamatan Tanjungsari Kabupaten Sumedang,West Java, on April to June 2003. The number of the sample is 150 young girls with have an age range. between 13 to 15 years old. The independent variables assumed to have relationship with sexual maturity are: body mass index, the state of anemia, percentage of body fat, social behavior, age, education, father's education, parent's income and family's customs. A primary data will be collected from young girls by calculating the body mass index, which measured the body weight in kilograms divided by the height in Meter Square and the state of anemia is also observed by examining the blood sample and analyzed those samples to obtain the measurement for the state of anemia in gram-percent. The percentage of body fat can be calculated after data on height, weight, age and sex have been accomplished to Hand Bio Electric Impedance Analyzer. Meanwhile, data on sexual maturity were obtained from performing the physical examination on secondary sexual maturity signs, and data on social behavior, age, education, parents' education and income, and family customs are gathered using a questionnaire. Data were being organized manually, followed by using the computer when data are being entered to a statistical program. From the univariate analysis upon 150 respondents, it can be known from calculation on body mass index that 35 respondents or 23.3% have a poor nutrition status and 15 respondents or 10% have anemia. From the percent of body fat, it has found that respondents with mild of poor nutrition state are 78 people (52,0%). Severe poor of nutrition state are 33 respondents (22%). As little as 33 girls (22,0%) have found in the state of late (slow) sexual maturity, 117 girls (78,0%) are in the state of fast sexual maturity. Result from bivariate analysis, using chi-square, has found that2 variables are related to the sexual maturity, which are: percentage of body fat with p-value 0.05;, and family customs (p-value 0.004). Other factors that are: Body Mass Index, anemia, age, social attitude and behavior, education, father's education and family income, are not related with sexual maturity. When those variables are analyzed by multivariate analysis, it is found that variable which has the least p-value is family customs (p-value 0.004). This represent that family customs is significantly to be the most dominant factor related to sexual maturity. Based on those findings, it is suggested that Community Health Center (Puskesmas) and other central institution should be concern to the problem of health reproduction on a young girls, and should evaluate every matters related to adolescent in this region. For the other researchers it is suggested to explore a research on other issues on Adolescent Health reproduction, especially to those girls who will be engaged in a marriage in a little while.

Abstrak :
Kabupaten Lahat adalah salah satu wilayah endemis malaria di Sumatera Selatan dengan prevalensi 16,4% dan Annual Malaria Incidence 22,08. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui faktor risiko lingkungan dengan kejadian malaria. Faktor risiko lingkungan genangan air (breeding place) berhubungan dengan kejadian malaria dengan nilai p= 0,000. Analisis multivariat menemukan determinan utama kejadian malaria adalah breeding place di sekitar rumah responden dengan odds ratio (OR) = 5,034 dan 95% CI = 2,65 _ 9,56. Responden yang tinggal di sekitar breeding place berisiko 5,03 kali lebih besar untuk menderita malaria dibandingkan dengan responden yang di sekitar rumah tidak terdapat breeding place setelah dikontrol variabel jarak rumah ke breeding place, ventilasi rumah, penggunaan kelambu, penggunaan obat anti nyamuk, dan kebiasaan keluar rumah pada malam hari.

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Lahat district is one of the malaria endemic area in South Sumatra Province with a prevalence of 16.4% and Annual Malaria Incidence of 22.08. The case control reports were carried out of 240 respondents. This study aimed to understand the relationship among of environmental risk factors with the incidence of malaria. After primary data collection followed by processing and data analysis in a multimedia laboratory. There was association between breeding place and malaria cases (p value= 0.000). The results of multivariate analysis of variables revealed the determinant risk was breeding place, with OR = 5.034 and CI 95%= 2.65 _ 9.56. Respondents who live around the breeding place has 5.034 times chance of affected malaria compared with respondents around the house there are no breeding place after the controlled distance to the breeding place house, use of mosquito nets, use of anti-mosquito, and habits out of the house at night variables.