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Abstrak :
Dalam rangka upaya memenuhi target pemerintah yaitu pengembangan pembangkit listrik tenaga panas bumi PLTP pada tahun 2025 ditargetkan sebesar 7.242 MW, maka tentu saja akan diperlukan data tentang desain PLTP yang paling optimal yang dapat diterapkan pada seluruh kondisi sumber panas bumi. Dengan demikian, diperlukan panduan desain yang dibuktikan secara ilmiah untuk pembangunan PLTP. Dalam dekade terakhir ini, banyak peneliti yang menganalis atau merancang sistem energi dengan menggabungkan antara analisis energi, exergy dan thermoekonomik. Hal ini dimaksudkan dalam upaya peningkatan efisiensi serta mengurangi kerugian-kerugian yang ditimbulkan oleh ketidakefisienan sistem. Melalui analisa yang komprehensif dengan menggabungkan analisa energi, exergy, exergoeconomics serta exergoenvironment, maka diharapkan dapat menjadi panduan desain yang paling optimum dengan mempertimbangkan segala aspek, baik aspek teknologi, ekonomi dan lingkungan yang dapat diaplikasikan untuk berbagai kondisi sumber panas bumi di Indonesia. Untuk itulah pada disertasi ini dilakukan analisa dan optimasi 3E exergy,economic,environment. Pemodelan dan optimasi sistem PLTP dilakukan menggunakan software EES dan diintegrasikan dengan MATLAB. Dari hasil analisis 3E, dapat diketahui bahwa komponen seperti turbin dan cooling tower merupakan komponen yang menyumbang nilai exergy destruction, total cost dan exergoenvironment yang paling besar dibandingkan komponen lainnya. ......In order to reach the government 39;s target of building geothermal power plant PLTP in 2025 of 7,242 MW, then it will need data about the most optimal PLTP design that can be applied to all geothermal conditions. Thus, the design required for the construction of PLTP. In the last decade, many researchers have analyzed and discussed energy systems with energy, exergy and thermoeconomic analyzes. This is necessary in an effort to increase and reduce the losses caused by system inefficiencies. Through a comprehensive analysis with energy analysis, exergy, exergoeconomics and exergoenvironment, it is expected to be the most optimal design with good aspects, economics and environment that can be used for various geothermal conditions in Indonesia. For analysis, it was conducted 3E exergy, economy, environment analysis on this dissertation. By using EES software and integrated with MATLAB, the PLTP system can be modeled and optimized. From the results of 3E analysis, it can be seen that components such as turbines and cooling towers are the components that contribute the largest value of total exergy destruction, total cost and exergoenvironment compared to other components.

Abstrak :
Excellence in skilled operation is vital for the efficiency of geothermal power plants. Mount Salak geothermal power plant unit 1-2-3 has consistently produced no less than 180 MWe to the Java-Bali grid since its first commercial operation in 1994, with an equivalent availability factor (EAF) average of 96%. Owing to this long operation period, power plant efficiency must be improved for the sustainable production of electricity. In this study, energy and exergy analysis has been undertaken to ascertain the amount of energy that is used in the power plant’s current condition, and to determine the plant’s overall system losses. Research was carried out by collecting data relating to temperature, pressure, and mass flow rate. Data were analyzed using the control volume to assess the thermal and mass balance and ascertain the value of exergy. Analysis was conducted theoretically and compared with results calculated by Engineering Equation Solver (EES) software. The results showed that from 1069.90 MWe in steam energy entering the system, the total amount of exergy was 302.42 MWe. Mount Salak geothermal power plant unit 1-2-3 had an overall first law efficiency of 16.75% and an overall second law efficiency of 59.27%. The greatest losses - 27.84% of the total exergy - were in the condensers. This was caused by the quality of cooling water entering condensers, which was in turn a result of cooling tower performance. Results suggest that turbine unit 1 should be investigated further to determine causes of decreased capacity.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Dalam beberapa tahun terakhir, pembahasan mengenai kebutuhan akan energi yang terus meningkat yang disertai dengan dampak penggunaan energi terhadap lingkungan, terutama energi fosil meliputi perubahan iklim, penipisan lapisan ozon dan pemanasan global menjadi topik yang hangat diperbincangkan. Upaya untuk menjaga ketersediaan energi dalam batas aman serta mengurangi permasalahan lingkungan akibat penggunaan energi disebut sebagai tantangan yang harus dihadapi menuju masa depan yang berkelanjutan. Hingga saat ini sistem refrigerasi dan heat pump yang ramah lingkungan dinilai dapat menjadi salah satu teknologi yang menjanjikan untuk dikembangkan agar dapat mengatasi kedua persoalan tersebut. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan suatu kajian dan pemodelan serta studi eksperimental sistem refrigerasi dan heat pump dengan menggunakan refrigeran yang ramah lingkungan dan menggunakan solar kolektor sebagai energi input. Refrigeran yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah R1224yd. Pemodelan dilakukan dengan menggunakan software Matlab 2017b dan REFPROP versi 10. Kemudian dilakukan analisis terhadap nilai energi, exergy, ekonomi dan dampak sistem terhadap lingkungan. Selanjutnya dilakukan optimisasi dengan menggunakan multi objective genetic algorithm untuk memperoleh kondisi optimum dari sistem yang dimodelkan.

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ABSTRACT
In recent years, energy issues related to the use of fossil energy sources and renewable energy, as well as their impact on the environment which includes climate change, ozone layer depletion and global warming become hot topics to be discussed. Maintaining energy availability within the safe limits and reducing the contribution of energy use to environmental problems is a big challenge that must be faced towards a sustainable future. The use of environmentally friendly refrigeration technology could be an option in order to solve the energy and environmental problem. In this research, a modeling and an experimental study of refrigeration system are proposed. Modeling conducted by using Matlab 2017b and REFPROP version 10 software. Refrigerant used in this study is an environmentally friendly refrigerant R1224yd and solar collector as the energy input. Then analyses of energy, exergy, economic and the environmental impact are conducted. Further, optimization procedure is conducted by using multi objective genetic algorithm to obtain optimum condition from the modeled system.

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Abstrak :

Dalam beberapa tahun terakhir, pembahasan mengenai kebutuhan akan energi yang terus meningkat yang disertai dengan dampak penggunaan energi terhadap lingkungan, terutama energi fosil meliputi perubahan iklim, penipisan lapisan ozon dan pemanasan global menjadi topik yang hangat diperbincangkan. Upaya untuk menjaga ketersediaan energi dalam batas aman serta mengurangi permasalahan lingkungan akibat penggunaan energi disebut sebagai tantangan yang harus dihadapi menuju masa depan yang berkelanjutan. Hingga saat ini sistem refrigerasi dan heat pump yang ramah lingkungan dinilai dapat menjadi salah satu teknologi yang menjanjikan untuk dikembangkan agar dapat mengatasi kedua persoalan tersebut. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan suatu kajian dan pemodelan serta studi eksperimental sistem refrigerasi dan heat pump dengan menggunakan refrigeran yang ramah lingkungan dan menggunakan solar kolektor sebagai energi input. Refrigeran yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah R1224yd. Pemodelan dilakukan dengan menggunakan software Matlab 2017b dan REFPROP versi 10. Kemudian dilakukan analisis terhadap nilai energi, exergy, ekonomi dan dampak sistem terhadap lingkungan. Selanjutnya dilakukan optimisasi dengan menggunakan multi objective genetic algorithm untuk memperoleh kondisi optimum dari sistem yang dimodelkan.

 

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In recent years, energy issues related to the use of fossil energy sources and renewable energy, as well as their impact on the environment which includes climate change, ozone layer depletion and global warming become hot topics to be discussed. Maintaining energy availability within the safe limits and reducing the contribution of energy use to environmental problems is a big challenge that must be faced towards a sustainable future. The use of environmentally friendly refrigeration technology could be an option in order to solve the energy and environmental problem. In this research, a modeling and an experimental study of refrigeration system are proposed. Modeling conducted by using Matlab 2017b and REFPROP version 10 software. Refrigerant used in this study is an environmentally friendly refrigerant R1224yd and solar collector as the energy input. Then analyses of energy, exergy, economic and the environmental impact are conducted. Further, optimization procedure is conducted by using multi objective genetic algorithm to obtain optimum condition from the modeled system.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
This study conducts the energy and exergy analysis of a light-vent pipe which is integrated into attic space. The roof is a shed roof with 30 degrees of inclination angle. The LVP is manufactured from an aluminum sheet with a translucent flat cover and is 0.15 m in diameter. The results show that the test house integrated with the LVP could well transfer heat accumulated in attic space by natural ventilation through the LVP. The natural daylight has an influent to the air mass flow rate corresponding to energy and exergy efficiency. The total energy and exergy efficiencies were 37-67% and 12.3-33%, respectively. In addition, the ceiling heat gain and exergy heat gain performed that, the requirement of space cooling of the house with LVP lower than that the reference house.