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Abstrak :
Obesity is performed by genetic, environmental, and complex interaction between genetic and environmental factors. Fatness levels in obese children are indicative of increased risk for elevated blood pressure, cholesterol, and lipoprotein ratios children and adolescents. Serum cholesterol and blood pressure are related to raise atherosclerotic lesion. Certain cardiovascular disease risk factors in obese children are related to the earliest stages of atherosclerosis disease. Obese children have the high risk factors of certain cardiovascular disease. Genetic factors affecting metabolic rate can be successfully managed by the introduction of environmental factors such as decrease caloric intake and increase physical activity. The treatment of obesity and of atherosclerotic patients should include dietary restriction (protein sparing modified fast and hypocaloric balanced diet), nutrition education, increased physical activity, behavior modification, and familial support. Success fully management of obesity can improve the quality of life and reduce the risk of morbidity and mortality associated with obesity.

Abstrak :
Optimal operstion of system has become a part of important step for succesfull business ini chemical industres such as pulp and paper mills. The cost of energy in such mill may contributeup to 18% of manufacturing cost. A steam balance may be used to predict an optimal process condition and to understand operation constraints. Steam balance can be easily developed by any process engineer and simulation can be performed in a common electronic spreadsheet. This paper is aimed as an introduction to prepare a steam balance in spesific plant.

Abstrak :
Banization is one of the causes of dietary changes creating dual form malnutrition. Susilowati (1997) discovered this condition occurred at national level and within households in East Jakarta. Lower energy expenditure and higher energy intake were predicted as potential risk of overweight, opposite to underweight status. This cross sectional survey aimed to explore the dietary intake and physical activity which resulted dual form malnutrition by comparing overweight mothers having underweight children and their normal counterparts. In this study, 81 pairs of mothers and their under fives were recruited for dietary intake, nutritional status and physical activity assessment and divided into two groups: the case group consisting of overweight or obese mothers with their underweight children, and the normal grove comprised of normal mothers with their normal children. Repeated 3 days.24-hour recall food intake of mothers and children, as well as physical activity of mothers but only one day of physical activity data for the children, were collected followed by ale day 24-hour recall plus observation from 08.00 to 16.00 for activities of sub sample children. Mean energy and macronutrients intake of the case mothers was higher than their normal peers, but there was no statistical significant difference between groups, which might be due to under reported energy intake. Estimated BMR and energy expenditure of the case mothers were significantly higher than their normal counterparts, though there was no difference in their PAL. Notorious energy balance was discovered after subtracting energy intake and expenditure, which might be due to under-reported energy intake. After adjustment by age and sex, statistical significant difference was found in energy intake and PAL. BMR and energy expenditure of the underweight children was lower significantly in contrasted to the others. Negative energy balance was discovered among the case children, opposite to positive energy balance of the normal peers. This research was part of a Multi-center study, Dietary Transition and Health in Asia.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Prevalensi BB lebih (27%) dan obesitas (36%) crew di PT. X lebih tinggi dari prevalensi nasional, menandakan terdapat masalah kesehatan pada PT. X. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui faktor risiko perilaku kesehatan yang berkontribusi terhadap IMT. Desain penelitian ini adalah sequential dengan dua tahap, tahap pertama menggunakan analisis kuantitatatif untuk melihat faktor risiko perilaku kesehatan, tahap kedua dengan menggunakan content analysis kualitatif untuk melihat predisposing, enabling, dan reinforcing factors yang melatarbelakangi perilaku kesehatan tersebut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan faktor risiko yang melatarbelakangi crew pada kebiasaan olahraga dan aktivitas fisik, pola makan dan keseimbangan energi, durasi tidur, serta stres kerja.

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ABSTRACT
Prevalence of overweight (27%) and obesity (36%) crew at PT. X are higher than the national prevalence, indicating health problems. The objective was to determine the health behavior risk factors that contribute to BMI. The study design is sequential with two stages, the first using quantitative analysis to see health behavior risk factors, the second using qualitative content analysis to see the predisposing, enabling, and reinforcing factors behind the health behavior. The results showed that there were differences in risk factors that led to crew on exercise habits and physical activity, diet and energy balance, sleep duration, and work stress.