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Abstrak :
Model is a representation of a system. Through model, it can be easier to forecast and control the changing of each element system. Electricity distribution is also a system. Losses are general problem that exist in a distribution network system. But with the right methods, specifically technical energy losses can be reduced in order to increase the efficiency. By making model of the distribution network, the value of technical energy losses in the whole network as well as in every line can be observed. Simulation can also be used to see all losses reduction alternatives. By comparing results from each alternatives, the best alternative, which gives best result can be decided and implemented.

Abstrak :
[Kegiatan usaha di bidang ketenagalistrikan tidak akan terlepas dari value chain aktivitas ketenagalistrikan yang dimulai dari pembangkitan, transmisi, distribusi sampai dengan ritel. Dalam siklus aktivitas ketenagalistrikan tersebut, selalu timbul adanya susut energi listrik akibat dari selisih antara jumlah energi listrik yang diproduksi dengan jumlah energi listrik yang dicatat sebagai penjualan kepada pelanggan. PT PLN (Persero) sebagai BUMN di bidang ketenagalistrikan, sejak Desember 2007 telah memiliki kebijakan perusahaan dalam rangka pengendalian susut jaringan distribusi yang dituangkan dalam buku berjudul Pedoman Peta Kegiatan dan Identifikasi Proses Bisnis Distribusi. Karya akhir ini meneliti bagaimana upaya pengendalian susut energi listrik pada jaringan distribusi yang dilakukan di PT PLN (Persero) area distribusi Jakarta Raya dan Tangerang, dampaknya terhadap subsidi listrik Pemerintah pada PT PLN (Persero). Faktanya, aktivitas pengendalian susut energi listrik pada jaringan distribusi dibagi menjadi aktivitas pengendalian karena penyebab faktor teknis dan faktor non teknis.;Electricty business value chain consist of power generation activities, transmission and distribution network activities, and retail activities. Usually energy losses happen, due to the calculation gap between electricity produced by power plants and recorded as sales to the customer. Since December 2007, regarding to the Board of Director Decree, PT PLN (Persero) has developed corporate policy to control energy losses, particularly energy losses on distribution network. This thesis examines what are the efforts conducted by PT PLN (Persero) distribution area Jakarta Raya and Tangerang and how effective they were to control energy losses on distribution network and also its impact to the electricity subsidy provided by the government. In fact, the activities to control the losses divided into technical factors and non technical factors.;Electricty business value chain consist of power generation activities, transmission and distribution network activities, and retail activities. Usually energy losses happen, due to the calculation gap between electricity produced by power plants and recorded as sales to the customer. Since December 2007, regarding to the Board of Director Decree, PT PLN (Persero) has developed corporate policy to control energy losses, particularly energy losses on distribution network. This thesis examines what are the efforts conducted by PT PLN (Persero) distribution area Jakarta Raya and Tangerang and how effective they were to control energy losses on distribution network and also its impact to the electricity subsidy provided by the government. In fact, the activities to control the losses divided into technical factors and non technical factors., Electricty business value chain consist of power generation activities, transmission and distribution network activities, and retail activities. Usually energy losses happen, due to the calculation gap between electricity produced by power plants and recorded as sales to the customer. Since December 2007, regarding to the Board of Director Decree, PT PLN (Persero) has developed corporate policy to control energy losses, particularly energy losses on distribution network. This thesis examines what are the efforts conducted by PT PLN (Persero) distribution area Jakarta Raya and Tangerang and how effective they were to control energy losses on distribution network and also its impact to the electricity subsidy provided by the government. In fact, the activities to control the losses divided into technical factors and non technical factors.]

Abstrak :
Di dalam suatu sistem tenaga listrik terdapat suatu faktor yang dinamakan faktor rugi rugi atau penyusutan dari energi. Penyusutan ini dapat ditemui di berbagai tempat pada jaringan tenaga listrik, mulai dari pembangkitan, transmisi, sampai dengan kepada distribusi kepada konsumen. Terdapat dua jenis penyusutan pada sistem tenaga listrik, yaitu penyusutan teknis dan non-teknis. Penyusutan teknis adalah penyusutan yang terjadi sebagai akibat adanya impedansi pada peralatan pembangkitan maupun peralatan penyaluran dalam transmisi dan distribusi sehingga terdapat daya yang hilang. Penyusutan secara non teknis adalah susut yang disebabkan oleh kesalahan dalam pembacaan alat ukur, kesalahan kalibrasi di alat ukur, dan kesalahan akibat pemakaian yang tidak sah (pencurian) atau kesalahan kesalahan yang bersifat administratif lainnya. Penyusutan daya tidak mungkin dihindari karena pada peralatan tidak mungkin memiliki tingkat efisiensi 100%, namun yang perlu mendapatkan perhatian adalah apakah penyusutan yang terjadi di dalam batas kewajaran. Sebagian besar penyusutan yang ada berada pada jaringan distribusi. Hal ini disebabkan karena pada jaringan distribusi, tegangan yang dipakai berada dalam rentang tegangan menengah dan tegangan rendah. Dimana untuk tegangan menengah dan tegangan rendah, arus yang mengalir pada jaringan nilainya besar untuk nilai daya yang sama, sehingga penyusutan energi juga akan besar.

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On power ystem there is a factor known as losses factor of energy. These losses could be found in several places all over power network, from the power plant, transmission system, until the network end in distribution system. Actually, there are two kinds of losses on power system network, which are technical losses and non-technica losses. Technical losses is losses that happen not only as an effect of impedance on power plant utilities,but also as an effect of impedance on equipment that used in transmission and distribution. In other side, the non-technical losses is a losses that caused by the mistake tha occurred when reading the measurement equipment, the mistake of equipment calibration, and a mistake that caused by illegal user or other administrative mistakes. We can not avoid energy losses, because the equipment that we used can not possible have 100% efficiency, but there is one thng that should become our primary concern is the losses that occur are still in normal level or not. Mostly the energy losses happen on distribution network. Because on distribution network, the rate of voltage that being used is located in middle voltage and low voltage range. As we know, on middle voltage and low voltage, the amount of current that flow in the cable increasing for the same power. In the simple word, it will cause te energy losses bigger than before.

Abstrak :
Saluran distribusi primer merupakan bagian dari sistem transmisi tenaga listrik mulai dari gardu induk menuju ke gardu distribusi. Konsumsi energi listrik yang meningkat mengakibatkan pembebanan dalam penyulang semakin tinggi. Susut energi yang timbul dalam saluran distribusi primer dapat dianalisis dengan variasi pembebanan menggunakan jenis pelanggan yang berbeda. Analisis sistem distribusi primer dapat dilakukan dengan mengidentifikasi beberapa parameter seperti kapasitas trafo gardu distribusi, saluran penghantar, serta panjang saluran. Penyulang dikatakan mendekati ideal apabila memiliki nilai susut energi dan daya maksimum yang rendah. Susut energi berbanding terbalik dengan nilai efisiensi pada sistem. Standar deviasi juga dapat digunakan untuk menentukan nilai susut di dalam jaringan. Pada penyulang dengan satu jenis pelanggan nilai susut terendah yaitu sebesar 0.16 % pada pelanggan industri. Pada penyulang dengan dua jenis pelanggan yaitu variasi residensial dan industri dengan komposisi 30%:70% memiliki nilai susut terendah sebesar 0.16% dan untuk penyulang dengan tiga jenis pelanggan, nilai susut paling rendah yaitu 0.17% pada variasi beban merata. ......Primary distribution line is part of electrical power transmission from the substation to the distribution substation. Increased electrical energy consumption results enlarge load in feeder. Energy losses built in primary distribution line can be analyzed with load variation that use different type of customers. Primary distribution system analysis can be done by identifying some parameters such as distribution transformer capacity, cable conductor, and length of line. Feeder is said close to the ideal condition if it has low energy losses and low maximum power. Electrical energy losses is inverse proportional with system efficiency. Standard deviation can also be used to determine the energy losses value in the system. In feeder with one type consumer, minimum losses is 0.16 % in industry consumer. In feeder with two type consumers that are residence and industry variation with composition 30%:70%, have minimum losses is 0.16% and for feeder with three type consumers, minimum losses is 0.17% in balance load variation.