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Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
This research essay will examine whether or not regulatory reform will succeed in providing a good regulation that gives significant effect to the development agenda, particularly in developing of the hydroelectric power plant which eventually fulfil citizen's electricity needs. In order to obtain the license in developing hydroelectric power plant, the investor has to engage with at least 6 ministries at the national level and with the local government. The institutions are the Ministry of Public works, the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, the Ministry of Forestry, Capital Investment Coordinating Board, State Electricity Company and Ministry of Finance. In each institution, the investors have to do some stages which mostly take a very long time. Until this recent time, the investors of hydroelectric power plant must comply with at least forty four national level regulation and should gain at least fourteen license from the various ministries. The figure does not include the license from the local goverment such as principle permits, location permits. License zoning, building permits and nuisance permit (hinderordonnantie). Regulation problems that occurred in the process of developing hydroelectric power plant greatly hamper the effort on providing electricity to all Indonesia's citizen. To overcome this issue, national strategy on regulatory reform was made. While reconceptualization on regulatory making process strategy and the capacity building on the policy and regulatory maker strategy might increase the effectivity on the implementation of upcoming regulation, regulatory simplification is the effective strategy that can accurately overcome the existing regulatory problem in developing a hydroelectric power plant in Indonesia.

Abstrak :
Jejak karbon pada produk minyak sawit Indonesia telah dipelajari dan disimpulkan Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) menjadi salah satu penyumbang emisi Gas Rumah Kaca (GRK) di industri Kelapa Sawit. Menangkap emisi GRK dari POME dan memanfaatkannya sebagai sumber energi merupakan solusi yang banyak diajukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan beberapa skema pemanfaatan untuk menemukan skema yang paling layak dengan menggunakan analisis tekno-ekonomi. Kajian ini terbatas hanya di wilayah Indonesia dan terbatas untuk mengeksplorasi skema pemanfaatan dari tiga teknologi pemanfaatan biogas yaitu pembangkit listrik, pemanfaatan biogas secara langsung dan Biogas Terkompres (Compressed Biogas / CBG). Studi ini akan menggunakan dua Pabrik Kelapa Sawit (PKS) dari provinsi yang berbeda di Indonesia sebagai studi kasus. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa energi yang dihasilkan oleh PKS kurang dimanfaatkan oleh pasar yang ada serta harga energi konvensional lebih rendah dari harga energi yang dihasilkan oleh PKS. Kebijakan yang diusulkan untuk menghadapi temuan ini adalah regulasi wajib untuk menggunakan energi terbarukan dari PKS, penyesuaian tarif listrik FiT yang dihasilkan oleh energi terbarukan, membangun kompleks industri yang terintegrasi untuk menghubungkan kelebihan produksi energi, dan membangun mekanisme kredit karbon untuk menambahkan aliran pendapatan baru untuk PKS. ......Indonesia’s Palm oil Carbon foot print had been studied and concluded that Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) is one of the contributor of Greenhouse Gases (GHG) emission in Palm Oil industry. Capturing GHG emission and utilize it as an energy source is the solution that widely proposed. This study aims to compares several utilization scheme to find the most feasible scheme by using techno-economic analysis. This study is limited only in Indonesia region and limited to explore utilization scheme from three biogas utilization technology i.e. electricity generation, direct biogas utilization and Compressed Biogas (CBG). This study would use two Palm Oil Mill (POM) from different province in Indonesia as a study case. The result of the study shows that the energy produced by POM is underutilized by the existing market, the price of conventional energy is lower than the energy that is produced by POM. The proposed policy to encounter these findings would be mandatory regulation to use renewable energy from POM, adjusting tariff for electricity FiT that is produced by renewable energy, establish an integrated industrial complex to interconnect the excess production of energy, and establish the carbon credit mechanism to add new revenue stream for POM.