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"Completely revised and expanded to reflect the latest developments and discoveries in this constantly changing and evolving field, this edition provides a basis for understanding the interactions between humans and the environment"

"ABSTRAKIn recent years, land development in many suburban and rural counties has been impeded by the combined lack of municipal sewers and soil conditions necessary for conventional septic tank and soil absorption systems. Prince William County, Virginia, is such a county. When faced with an influx of population and commercial enterprises, it became obvious that some alternative, and innovative, on-site sanitary wastewater management system was required for many areas of the county.In 1974, the Prince William County Department of Public Health undertook the evaluation of one alternative and innovative on-site wastewater management system. The test site was a major oil company's full service gasoline station in Gainesville, Virginia. After five years of close observation, the conclusion is that the system can provide an effective and environmentally sound method for on-site wastewater treatment. This article summarizes the evaluation criteria used, data collection parameters, and analysis results. A presentation was made to the NEHA annual conference in Charleston, S.C."

"Ozon merupakan salah satu polutan yang dapat pemicu penyakit asma. Konsentrasi ozon di Kecamatan Jagakarsa tinggi dan terjadi peningkatan penyakit asma selama tahun 2010 sampai 2011. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara konsentrasi ozon di udara ambien dan penyakit asma di Kecamatan Jagakarsa. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi ekologi time trend. Data yang digunakan adalah data harian pemantauan udara oleh Badan Pengelola Lingkungan Hidup Daerah Provinsi DKI Jakarta dan laporan harian penyakit asma di puskesmas. Data yang berhasil dikumpulkan sejumlah 377 data kasus harian asma dan 377 data konsentrasi ozon. Variabel lain yang diteliti adalah konsentrasi NO2 dan faktor iklim. Analisis dilakukan dengan uji regresi linear sederhana. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan konsentrasi ozon berhubungan secara signifikan dengan konsentrasi NO2, suhu, dan kelembaban udara. konsentrasi ozon pengukuran 1 jam maksimum, dan 8 jam sudah melebihi baku mutu. Hasil ini mengindikasikan konsentrasi ozon di Kecamatan Jagakarsa sudah tidak sehat bagi masyarakat terutama untuk kelompok rentan, termasuk penderita asma. Akan tetapi hasil uji statistik antara konsentrasi ozon tidak berhubungan secara signifikan dengan jumlah kasus maupun prevalensi asma. Hal ini dapat dikarenakan data asma keterbatasan data asma dan minimnya titik sampling ozon. Konsentrasi ozon di Kecamatan Jagakarsa sudah tidak sehat bagi masyarakat khususnya kelompok rentan, termasuk orang-orang yang mempunyai riwayat penyakit asma.

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Ozone is a pollutant which can trigger asthma. Ozone concentration in Kecamatan Jagakarsa is beyond threshold and asthma cases increase during 2010 to 2011.This research is aimed to identify association between ozone concentration and asthma in Jagakarsa. This research is time trend ecological study. Data was collected from daily air quality monitoring from Badan Pengelola Lingkungan Hidup Daerah of DKI Jakarta Province and from daily report of asthma in Puskesmas. Total data is 377 consists of 377 data of daily asthma cases, and 277 data of daily ozoe concentration. Rresearcher also collected data of NO2 concentration and climate components. To analyse we used simple linear regression model. The result shows that concentration of ozone is related significantly with concentration of NO2, temperature, and humidity. 1-hour maximum and 8-hour ozone was exceed the treshhold. It indicates concentration of ozone in Jagakarsa was not healthy for population notably for susceptible population include people who suffering asthma. However, there is no significant relation between concentration of ozone and asthma (both total cases and prevalence). It can be caused by lack of accurate data of asthma and lack of the number of sampling site. Concentration ozone of asthma in Jagakarsa was not healthy for population especially among susceptible group, include people who suffers asthma."

"Timbulan sampah kertas kantor memiliki persentase komposisi 60% dari seluruh timbulan sampah kantor yang terjadi pada gedung perkantoran di DKI Jakarta. Pada gedung Utama Kementerian PU sampah kertas memiliki persentase komposisi 38,5% dan pada gedung Sampoerna Strategic Square (SSS) sampah kertas memiliki persentase 49,0%. Meski persentase komposisi sampah kertas lebih kecil daripada literatur, timbulan harian sampah kertas yang terjadi memiliki potensi daur ulang dan dapat memberikan manfaat bagi pihak pengelola jika ditangani pada titik hulu. Pada Gedung Kementerian PU timbulan harian sampah kertas HVS atau yang berasal dari kegiatan cetak tulis adalah sebanyak 19 kg/hari dan pada Gedung SSS timbulan harian sampah kertas HVS adalah 61 kg/hari. Pengelolaan sampah kertas HVS direkomendasikan dalam bentuk pewadahan skala ruang kerja. Pada Gedung Utama Kementerian PU pewadahan yang direkomendasikan ada dua skenario, yaitu pewadahan terpusat dan kombinasi pewadahan terpusat dan lokal. Pada Gedung SSS skenario pewadahan yang direkomendasikan adalah pewadahan terpusat. Manfaat yang diharapkan dapat dicapai dengan penerapan rekomendasi adalah nilai penjualan sampah kertas sebesar Rp 16.571,00/hari untuk gedung PU dan Rp 17.751/hari pada gedung SSS. Penelitian lebih lanjut dibutuhkan untuk menemukan skenario dengan pengumpulan kertas yang paling maksimal agar rekomendasi yang diberikan lebih tepat.

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Office paper waste is 60% of the entire office waste generated from office buildings in DKI Jakarta. The percentage of paper waste in the office waste from Kementerian PU main building and Sampoerna Strategic Square (SSS) office building is 38,5% and 49,0%. Despite smaller percentages compared to the literature, it was found that paper waste generated from both buildings potentially beneficial for recycling. In Kementerian PU office building, daily generation rates of HVS paper waste is 19 kg/day and in SSS office building daily generation rates of HVS paper waste is 85 kg/day for. HVS paper waste is recommended to be treated by office scale papere waste recovery system. In Kementerian PU office building the recommended paper recovery systems that can be applied is centralised paper recovery and local paper container. In SSS office bulding it is recommended to applied centralised paper recovery in office scale. The expected benefits gain by applying the recommendation is daily monetary benefits by selling paper waste as much as Rp 16.571,00/day for Kementerian PU office building and Rp 17.751/day for SSS office. Further research is needed by simulating office scale paper waste recovery systems to find the most effective paper waste recovery system which can be useful to create a better recommendation."