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Abstrak :
Pendahuluan: Wasting, underweight, dan stunting meningkatkan angka mortalitas dan morbiditas serta merupakan permasalahan yang masih ditemukan di Indonesia. Paparan asap rokok terhadap anak meningkatkan resiko wasting, underweight, dan stunting pada anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui asosiasi antara paparan asap rokok terhadap status gizi anak 0-59 bulan yang berdomisili di DKI Jakarta. Metode: Studi dengan pendekatan potong lintang dilakukan terhadap 121 orangtua dengan anak yang berusia 0-59 bulan pada Jakarta Pusat. Data mengenai paparan asap rokok diambil melalui kuesioner yang dibagikan kepada responded. Analisis data dilakukan dengan program SPSS. Status gizi anak dianlisa berdasarkan WHO Weight-for-Height, Weight-for-Age, and Height-for-Age Z-score. Hasil: Dalam riset ini, prevalensi wasting, underweight, and stunting masing-masing adalah 6.6%, 9.1% and 31.4%. Analisis statistik bivariat dilakukan menggunakan chi-square dan fisher’s exact test yang menunjukan tidak adanya asosiasi antara paparan asap rokok dari ayah dan ibu yang merokok dengan wasting, underweight, dan stunting pada anak. Ditemukan adanya asosiasi anatara paparan asap rokok terhadap ibu saat kehamilan terhadap stunting pada anak (p= 0.024; OR= 0.409; CI(95%)= 0.186-0.898). Melalui analisa logistic regression, ditemukan assosiasi anatara umur ibu (p=0.042; OR= 3.223) dan pendidikan ayah (p=0.011; OR= 4.082) terhadap terjadinya stunting pada anak. Terdapat pula asosiasi antara umur ibu dan underweight pada anak (p= 0.047; OR= 4.229). Kesimpulan: Tidak ditemukan asosiasi anatara paparan asap rokok terhadap anak dan wasting, underweight, dan stunting. Terdapat asosiasi anatara paparan asap rokok terhadap ibu saat hamil terhadap stunting pada anak.

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Introduction:Wasting, underweight, and stunting is associated with an increase morbidity and mortality in children and is still a problem in Indonesia. Environmental tobacco smoke exposure towards children has been associated with an increase risk of wasting, underweight, and stunting in children. In this research, we aim to investigate the association between tobacco smoke exposure in DKI Jakarta household and nutritional status of children <5 years old. Methods : Cross-sectional study with random sampling technique in 121 parents with children age 0-59 months in Central Jakarta. Tobacco smoke exposure is measured through questionnaire. The results are analyzed using SPPS statistic program. Nutritional status of children is analyzed through WHO Weight-for-Height, Weight-for-Age, and Height-for-Age Z-score. Results: In this research, the prevalence of wasting, underweight, and stunting are 6.6%, 9.1% and 31.4%, respectively. Bivariate statistical analysis using chi-square and Fisher’s Exact Test showed no association between tobacco smoke exposure with wasting, underweight, and stunting, while an association was found between tobacco smoke exposure during pregnancy with stunting in children aged 0-59 months (p= 0.024; OR= 0.409; CI(95%)= 0.186-0.898). Logistic regression analysis showed that Mother's age (p and paternal education (p=0.011; OR= 4.082) increases risk of stunting in children. Age of mother is associated with Underweight in children (p= 0.047; OR= 4.229). Conclusion: No association between paternal and maternal smoking with underweight, wasting, and stunting is found, while an association was found between tobacco smoke exposure during pregnancy with stunting in children.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Latar Belakang : Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) adalah hidrokarbon aromatik polisiklik sangat karsinogenik yang terdapat dalam asap rokok. Tidak hanya perokok yang perlu menjadi perhatian, namun bahaya yang ditimbulkan akibat asap rokok pada orang yang tidak merokok juga perlu diperhatikan. Metode : Penelitian ini berjenis potong lintang pada 26 perempuan dewasa bukan perokok yang terpajan asap rokok dan 15 perempuan tidak terpajan asap rokok di rumahnya di kelurahan Palmeriam Kecamatan Matraman, Jakarta. Kadar BPDE-protein adducts diukur menggunakan metode ELISA. Kadar CO ekspirasi, informasi kebiasaan merokok anggota keluarga di rumah pada subjek penelitian dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner. Hasil : Nilai BPDE-protein adducts <40 ng/ml sebanyak 16 orang (61,5%) dan nilai BPDE-protein adducts >40 ng/ml sebanyak 10 orang (38,5%), sedangkan pada kelompok perempuan tidak terpajan asap rokok di rumah, nilai BPDE-protein adducts <40 ng/ml sebanyak 11 orang (73,3%) dan nilai BPDE-protein adducts >40 ng/ml sebanyak 4 orang (26,7%), hasil analisis menunjukkan perbedaan yang tidak bermakna (p=0,443). Pengukuran kadar CO ekspirasi pada penelitian ini memperoleh nilai tengah kadar CO ekspirasi pada kelompok perempuan yang terpajan asap rokok sebesar 5,5 ppm. Pada kelompok perempuan yang tidak terpajan asap rokok, rerata kadar CO ekspirasi sebesar 6 ppm, hasil analisis tidak menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang bermakna (p=0,398). Lama pajanan, jenis rokok, banyaknya jumlah rokok yang dihisap serta banyaknya jumlah perokok aktif dirumah tidak mempengaruhi kadar BPDE-protein adducts. Kesimpulan : Nilai BPDE-protein adducts >40 ng/ml pada perempuan terpajan asap rokok lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan perempuan yang tidak terpajan asap rokok di lingkungan rumah.

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ABSTRACT
Background: Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon contained in cigarette smoke. This highly carcinogenic substance is also found in Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) which equally dangerous to the health of population and equally require attentions as much as cigarette smoke. This study observes level of BaP among those in risk of ETS exposure. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed involving 26 women exposed to ETS and 15 women unexposed to ETS in Palmeriam Matraman area, Jakarta, Indonesia. The BPDE (Benzo(a)pyrene Diol Epoxide) protein levels of adducts were measured using ELISA method. In addition, exhaled carbon-monoxide (CO) level during expiration was measured and family members smoking habits at home was obtained using questionnaire. Results: The mean age of women exposed to ETS was 35.8 ± 6.5 years and women unexposed to ETS was 41.7±7.5 years. In the ETS exposed women, the BPDE level of <40 ng/mL was found in 16 people (61.5%) and the BPDE level of >40 ng/mL was found in 10 people (38.5%). In the ETS unexposed women, the BPDE level of <40 ng/mL was found in 11 people (73.3%) and the BPDE level of >40 ng/mL was found in 4 people (26.7%). None of these results were significantly different (p=0.443). The median exhaled CO level of ETS exposed women was 5.5 ppm and of ETS unexposed women was 6.0 ppm. None of these results were significantly different (p=0.398). No correlation was found between length of ETS exposure, types of cigarettes, number of cigarettes smoked and number of active smokers at home and BPDE-protein adducts level. Conclusion: The BPDE level of ETS exposed women was higher than of ETS unexposed women (>40 ng/mL and <40 ng/mL, respectively). The median exhaled CO level of ETS exposed women was lower than of ETS unexposed women (5.5 ppm and 6.0 ppm). However, none of these results were statistically significant.

Abstrak :
This study uses raw data covering over l17,000 respondents from the 2001 National Socio-Economic Survey (WSES) and 2001 National Household Survey Survey (NHHS), including 3621 children under 10 years of age, to investigate rife relationship between respiratory diseases and exposure to secondhand cigarette smoke through living in a home where people smoke. An important is that children n\under 10 years of age who live in homes where 30 or more cigarettes are smoked each day are significantly more likely to have various respiratory diseases than children who live in smoke free-homes.