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"A Harvard law professor explores the meaning of justice and invites readers on a journey of moral and political reflection, 'to figure out what they think, and why.' Does a veteran suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder 'deserve' the Purple Heart? Should the U.S. government formally apologize and make reparations for slavery? Is it wrong to lie to a murderer? Following the taxpayer bailout of the company, are executives at insurance giant A.I.G. still entitled to their bonuses? Should a professional golfer afflicted with a severe circulatory condition be allowed to use a golf cart during tournaments? Are you obliged to surrender your criminal brother to the FBI? Although Sandel concedes that answering the many questions he poses, bound up 'with competing notions of honor and virtue, pride and recognition,' is never easy and inevitably contentious, it's necessary for a healthy democracy. 'Justice,' he writes, 'is inescapably judgmental.' Using three approaches to justice-maximizing welfare, respecting freedom and promoting virtue-the author asks readers to ponder the meaning of the good life, the purpose of politics, how laws should be constructed and how society should be organized. Using a compelling, entertaining mix of hypotheticals, news stories, episodes from history, pop-culture tidbits, literary examples, legal cases and teachings from the great philosophers-principally, Aristotle, Kant, Bentham, Mill and Rawls-Sandel takes on a variety of controversial issues-abortion, same-sex marriage, affirmative action-and forces us to confront our own assumptions, biases and lazy thought. The author has a talent for making the difficult-Kant's 'categorical imperative' or Rawls's 'difference principle'-readily comprehensible, and his relentless, though never oppressive, reason shines throughout the narrative. Sparkling commentary from the professor we all wish we had"

"Manusia sebagai makhluk sosial dalam berinteraksi dengan manusia lain tidak bisa lepas dari tindakan menolong, namun seringkali perbuatan ini merupakan hal yang dianggap remeh, terlalu keseharian dan dianggap bukan hal yang filosofis. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk meninjau pengaruh dari gagasan etika kepedulian terkait kegiatan menolong. Etika kepedulian menganggap prinsip kepedulian merupakan hal dasar dalam penalaran moral, begitu juga dalam hal menolong. Oleh sebab itu tulisan ini akan berargumen mengenai pentingnya prinsip kepedulian dalam menolong dibanding hanya berfokus pada prinsip keadilan. Untuk sampai pada tujuan tersebut, tulisan ini akan menggunakan metode distingsi konseptual serta analisis kritis. Dalam tulisan ini akan mendeskripsikan teori dasar etika kepedulian terutama menurut Carol Gilligan, kemudian membandingkannya dengan etika keadilan. Setelah itu barulah dilakukan analisis kritis terhadap konteks menolong dan menjawab kritik yang relevan. Hasilnya ditemukan prinsip kepedulian merupakan unsur penting dalam menolong supaya tindakan menolong tidak menjadi kering dan kehilangan arti.

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Humans as social beings in interacting with other humans cannot be separated from helping, but often this action is something that is underestimated, are too unpretentious, and is considered not a philosophical thing. This paper aims to examine the influence of ethics of care related to helping activities. Ethics of care considers the principle of caring to be a basic thing in moral reasoning, as well as in terms of helping. This paper will argue about the importance of the principle of caring in helping rather than just focusing on the principle of justice. To achieve this goal, this paper will use conceptual distinction and critical analysis methods. In this paper, we will describe the basic theory of ethics of care, especially according to Carol Gilligan, then compare it with the ethics of justice. After that, a critical analysis is carried out in the context of helping and answers relevant criticism. As a result, it was found that the principle of caring is an important element in helping so that helping actions do not become dry and lose meaning."