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"Etlingera balikpapanensis A.D. Poulsen merupakan tumbuhan endemik Kalimantan Timur yang terancam punah akibat degradasi habitat dan belum tersedianya protokol perbanyakan secara in vitro. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan langkah awal konservasi melalui optimasi metode sterilisasi eksplan dan formulasi media kultur dengan menggunakan Etlingera elatior (Jack) R.M. Smith sebagai tumbuhan model. Eksplan berupa tunas dan daun muda disterilisasi dengan enam perlakuan berbeda (S1–S6), dilanjutkan dengan kultur pada media MS dengan enam kombinasi konsentrasi Naphthaleneacetic Acid (NAA) dan Benzylaminopurine BAP (0; 0.5; 1; 1.5; 2; 3 ppm) Hasil menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan S6, yang mengombinasikan pencucian Tween 80, perendaman fungisida/bakterisida (4 g/L), alkohol 96%, dan Bayclin 20–5% + Tween 20, menghasilkan tingkat kontaminasi 0% selama 28 hari dan berbeda sangat signifikan dibanding perlakuan lainnya (p < 0,001). Namun, tidak terjadi pembentukan tunas atau kalus pada semua perlakuan, meskipun respons morfologis awal seperti daun menggulung muncul paling cepat pada perlakuan M5 (2 ppm) dan M6 (3 ppm) Respons ini mencerminkan aktivitas fisiologis akibat stimulasi hormon, tetapi tidak berlanjut menjadi organogenesis, yang diduga disebabkan oleh stres hormonal atau ketidaksesuaian konsentrasi ZPT. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa protokol sterilisasi S6 efektif menekan kontaminasi dan dapat dijadikan dasar awal dalam perbanyakan secara in vitro tanaman E. balikpapanensis pada program konservasi, namun formulasi media dan strategi regenerasi perlu disesuaikan agar mendukung pembentukan organ secara optimal.

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Etlingera balikpapanensis A.D. Poulsen is an endemic species from East Kalimantan threatened by habitat loss and the lack of an established in vitro propagation protocol. This study aimed to initiate a conservation effort by optimizing explant sterilization and culture media formulation, using Etlingera elatior as a model plant. Shoots and young leaf explants were subjected to six sterilization treatments (S1–S6) and cultured on MS medium with six combinations of NAA and BAP (0–3 ppm). Treatment S6, involving Tween 80 wash, fungicide/bactericide soak (4 g/L), 96% ethanol, and Bayclin (20–5%) with Tween 20, resulted in 0% contamination over 28 days and was significantly more effective (p < 0.001) than other treatments. Although no shoot or callus formation occurred, early morphological responses, such as leaf rolling, were observed—particularly in M5 and M6 treatments. These responses suggest hormonal stimulation but did not advance to organogenesis, possibly due to hormonal stress or suboptimal PGR concentrations. The S6 sterilization protocol is effective for contamination control and provides a foundational step for future in vitro propagation of E. balikpapanensis. Further optimization of media composition and regeneration strategy is required to support successful organogenesis. "

"The volatile chemicals from species of wild Cinnamomum spp. (C. racemosum, C. cuspidatum, C. politum, C. javanicum), Etlingera spp. (E. pyramidosphaera, E. megalocheilos, E. coccinea, E. elatior) and Schizostachyum spp. (S. blumei, S. brachycladum, S. lima, S. pilosum) found in Sabah were investigated. The oils were obtained from the bark, rhizome and culm of respective specimens by hydrodistillation and the profile of volatile chemicals was obtained using Gas Chromatography- Mass Spectrometry (GCMS). Dominance of eucalyptol, terpinen-4-ol and eugenol were consistent among the species from genus Cinnamomum. aromadendrane oxide, lauryl aldehyde, elemicin, borneol and 1-dodecanol were predominant among the species from genus Etlingera. α-elemol, coumaran, guiacol-4-vinyl, palmitic acid and phytol acetate predominate the species from genus Schizostachyum. Strong inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus (MIC: 5.62 ± 0.5 μg mL-1) were exhibited by essential oils of C. cuspidatum and E. coccinea, oil of S. blumei inhibited Listeria monocytogenes (MIC: 4.60 ± 0.5 μg mL-1), oil of C. javanicum inhibited Salmonella typhimurium (MIC: 5.50 ± 0.5 μg mL-1). meanwhile the oil of C. politum suppressed Salmonella enteritidis (MIC: 5.20 ± 0.5 μg mL-1) was measured using microdilution method. these findings reveal the potential of selected plants used by indigenous communities of Borneo as antimicrobials in food, cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries."

"ABSTRAKThe volatile chemicals from species of wild Cinnamomum spp. (C. racemosum, C. cuspidatum, C. politum, C. javanicum), Etlingera spp. (E. pyramidosphaera, E. megalocheilos, E. coccinea, E. elatior) and Schizostachyum spp. (S. blumei, S. brachycladum, S. lima, S. pilosum) found in Sabah were investigated. The oils were obtained from the bark, rhizome and culm of respective specimens by hydrodistillation and the profile of volatile chemicals was obtained using Gas Chromatography- Mass Spectrometry (GCMS). Dominance of eucalyptol, terpinen-4-ol and eugenol were consistent among the species from genus Cinnamomum. aromadendrane oxide, lauryl aldehyde, elemicin, borneol and 1-dodecanol were predominant among the species from genus Etlingera. α-elemol, coumaran, guiacol-4-vinyl, palmitic acid and phytol acetate predominate the species from genus Schizostachyum. Strong inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus (MIC: 5.62 ± 0.5 μg mL-1) were exhibited by essential oils of C. cuspidatum and E. coccinea, oil of S. blumei inhibited Listeria monocytogenes (MIC: 4.60 ± 0.5 μg mL-1), oil of C. javanicum inhibited Salmonella typhimurium (MIC: 5.50 ± 0.5 μg mL-1). meanwhile the oil of C. politum suppressed Salmonella enteritidis (MIC: 5.20 ± 0.5 μg mL-1) was measured using microdilution method. these findings reveal the potential of selected plants used by indigenous communities of Borneo as antimicrobials in food, cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries."

"Latar belakang: Kanker kolorektal adalah satu jenis kanker dengan jumlah kasus terbanyak di Indonesia. Dalam berbagai penelitian, bunga kecombrang memiliki zat antikanker dengan efek sitotoksik serta antioksidan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antioksidan dan sitotoksik ekstrak heksana bunga kecombrang terhadap sel kanker kolon HT-29.Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain eksperimental in vitro menggunakan sel kanker kolon HT-29. Sebanyak 45sampel sel HT-29 dibagi menjadi kelompok perlakuan dan kelompok kontrol positif. Analisis kandungan ekstrak heksana bunga kecombrang akan dilakukan menggunakan uji fitokimia dan uji KLT. Pengukuran efek antioksidan akan dilakukan menggunakan metode uji dengan reagen DPPH dan untuk efek sitotoksisitas menggunakan uji MTT assay. Nilai absorbansi dan persen inhibisi dari kedua metode ini lalu dibandingkan antara kelompok ekstrak dan kelompok kontrol positif menggunakan analisis regresi linear.Hasil: Ekstrak heksana bunga kecombrang mengandung senyawa saponin, flavonoid, triterpenoid, dan alkaloid. Ekstrak memiliki efek antioksidan yang tidak aktif dengan nilai IC50 pada uji DPPH sebesar 21.337,99 ppm. Ekstrak memiliki efek sitotoksik dengan klasifikasi sedang dengan nilai IC50 pada uji MTT sebesar 111,097 ppm. Dibandingkan dengan kontrol positif, ekstrak memiliki efek antioksidan dan sitotoksik yang lebih rendah.Kesimpulan: Ekstrak heksana bunga kecombrang tidak aktif memberikan efek antioksidan dan memberikan efek sitotoksik yang sedang, meski lebih rendah daripada kontrol positif. Meskipun begitu, tetap terdapat hubungan antara konsentrasi ekstrak heksana bunga kecombrang dengan persentase inhibisi. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan penelitian dengan desain dan jumlah sampel yang lebih baik.

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ntroduction: Colorectal cancer is one type of cancer with the highest number of cases in Indonesia. Etlingera elatior have anticancer substances with cytotoxic and antioxidant effects. This study aims to determine the antioxidant and cytotoxic activity of hexane extract from Etlingera elatior against HT-29 cells.

Method: This study used an in vitro experimental design using HT-29 colon cancer cells. A total of 45 samples of HT-29 cells were divided into a treatment group and a positive control group. Analysis of the hexane extract from Etlingera elatior was carried out using phytochemical tests and TLC tests. Measurement of the antioxidant effect was carried out using the test method with DPPH reagent and for the cytotoxicity effect using the MTT assay test. The absorbance values ​​and percent inhibition of these two methods were then compared between the extract group and the positive control group using linear regression analysis.

Result: Hexane extract from Etlingera elatior contained saponins, flavonoids, triterpenoids, and alkaloids. The extract had an inactive antioxidant effect with an IC50 value of 21,337.99 ppm in the DPPH test. The extract had a moderate cytotoxic effect with an IC50 value of 111,097 ppm in the MTT test. Compared with the positive control, the extract had lower antioxidant and cytotoxic effects.

Conclusion: Hexane extract from Etlingera elatior did not have an antioxidant effect and had a moderate cytotoxic effect, although it was lower than the positive control. Even so, there was still a relationship between the concentration of hexane extract of kecombrang flowers and the percentage of inhibition. Therefore, more research is needed with a better design and number of samples."