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"Menara Pendingin adalah suatu unit yang dapat membantu melakukan perpindahan kalor dimana kalor tersebut sudah tidak dibutuhkan lagi. Dalam operasi menara pendingin, ada beberapa faktor yang dapat dijadikan tinjauan dalam mengukur performa dari menara pendingin. Banyaknya bakteri di dalam menara pendingin menyebabkan presipitasi kerak yang dapat mengganggu efektivitas thermal dari menara pendingin dikarenakan kerak-kerak tersebut akan menghambat laju perpindahan kalor karena mempunyai resistansi thermal yang tinggi. Ada beberapa cara untuk mengurangi laju pertumbuhan dari kerak, salah satunya adalah ozonasi. Ozonasi adalah injeksi ozon pada air pendingin menara pendingin untuk mengurangi potensi dari presipitasi kerak yang akan meningkatkan performa dari menara pendingin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik efek ozonasi terharap performa dari menara pendingin dan kualitas air pendingin pada menara pendingin sistem tertutup. Metode yang digunakan untuk menguji kualitas air adalah pengujian dengan alat ukur yang dicelupkan setiap harinya dan uji laboratorium seperti AAS, Titrimetric, Gravimetrik, dan Spectrophotometric. Hasil yang didapat pada penelitian ini adalah karakterisitik laju performa setiap harinya dan laju kualitas air setiap harinya maupun saat sebelum dan sesudah ozonasi. Hasil dari nilai efektivitas yang didapat adalah 0.12 % untuk nilai terkecil dan 8.74 % untuk nilai terbesar. Ozonasi terbukti dapat meningkatkan kualitas air menara pendingin tetapi belum terbukti dapat meningkatkan performa atau efektivitas menara pendingin untuk jangka waktu ozonasi selama 15 hari.

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Cooling tower is a unit or system that used for heat transfer process where the heat is not useful anymore. There is several factor in the cooling tower operations that can observed for cooling tower performance. The large amount of bacteria on cooling tower become potential of scale precipitation that can decrease the cooling tower thermal effectivity because of the scale will act as inhibitor for heat transfer rate since the scale has high value of thermal resistance. There are several method for reducing scale precipitation growth rate, one of them is ozonation or ozone injection method. The ozone will injected to the cooling water to reduce the scale precipitation growth rate that can decreases the cooling tower performance.

This research intends to find the characteristic of ozonation effect from cooling tower performance and water quality. The method for water quality checking are AAS method, Titrimetric, Gravimetric, and Spectrophotometric.

The output of this research are characteristic of cooling tower performance each day and rate of water quality before and after ozonation and each day. The effectiveness value results obtained in this research was 0.12 % for the lowest value and 8.74 % for the highest value. Ozonation has been proven to improve water quality rate of cooling towers but has not been proven to improve the performance or effectiveness of cooling towers for an ozonation period of 15 days."

"Sebagian besar penelitian tentang evaporative cooling hanya berfokus pada proses termodinamika dan optimalisasi kinerja beberapa konfigurasi dasar, seperti direct evporative cooling (DEC) dan tipe tubular atau plat indirect evaporative cooling (IEC). Penelitian mengenai beberapa teknologi evaporative cooling terbaru seperti heat pipe IEC, dew point IEC dan semi indirect evaporative cooling, masih sedikit dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan sistem pengkondisian udara yang menggunakan indirect evaporative cooling yang dikombinasikan dengan finned heat pipe sebagai pemindah panas dan cooling pad dari bahan serat alami. Tahapan awal dilakukan dengan melakukan studi literatur mengenai indirect evaporative cooling dan heat pipe, melakukan evaluasi terhadap penelitian yang pernah dilakukan, melakukan pengujian terhadap karakteristik finned heat pipe yang akan digunakan, melakukan penelitian terhadap bahan media pendingin berbahan serat alami yang akan digunakan, merancang bangun kombinasi indirect evaporative cooling dan finned heat pipe dengan media pendingin berbahan serat alami. Selain itu pada penelitian ini juga akan dicari beberapa hubungan atau korelasi antara parameter-parameter yang ada pada indirect indirect evaporative cooling dengan tujuan meningkatkan efektifitasnya. Hasil dari pengujian ini menunjukkan bahwa efektivitas indirect evaporative cooling meningkat ketika digunakan serat alami berbahan nanas dibandingkan dengan serat lain (rami dan luffa), nilai maksimumnya 90% untuk efektivitas wet bulb dan 71% untuk efektivitas dew point, serta nilai EER yang mencapai 62%. Selain itu kinerja finned heat pipe sebagai pemindah panas bekerja dengan baik pada sistem ini terbukti dengan nilai kapasitas pendinginan maksimum yang mencapai 1180W.

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The majority of evaporative cooling research only considers the thermodynamic operations and performance enhancement of a few fundamental configurations, such as direct evaporative cooling (DEC) and indirect evaporative cooling (IEC) tubular or plate kinds. There is still little research on some of the most recent evaporative cooling techniques, including indirect evaporative cooling (IEC) heat pipes, indirect evaporative cooling (IEC) dew points, and semiindirect evaporative cooling. With the use of finned heat pipes for heat transfer, cooling pads made of natural fibers, and indirect evaporative cooling, an air conditioning system is being developed. The first stage involves researching indirect evaporative cooling and heat pipes in the literature, assessing previous research, testing potential finned heat pipe characteristics, researching potential cooling media materials made of natural fibers, and designing buildings with a combination of indirect evaporative cooling and finned heat pipes and a natural fiberbased cooling medium. In addition, this study will look for connections or correlations between the present indirect evaporative cooling factors in an effort to increase its efficiency. The results of this test demonstrate that using natural fibers made from pineapple increases the effectiveness of indirect evaporative cooling when compared to other fibers (ramie and luffa); the maximum value is 90% for the wet bulb effectiveness and 71% for the dew point effectiveness, and the EER value reaches 62%. Additionally, this system effectively transfers heat thanks to the finned heat pipes, as shown by the maximum cooling capacity of 1180 W."

"Cooling towers are required in building HVAC systems that use water as the cooling condenser fluid. Cooling towers used in this study are of the forced draft, counter flow, indirect/closed evaporative type. This study sought to demonstrate the performance characteristics of a closed system cooling tower by its effectiveness value, Number of Transfer Units (NTU), cooling capacity, and overall heat transfer and mass coefficient of the cooling tower. Experiments were performed on a heat exchanger coil intercrossed with ? inch diameter intersections on parallel lines. Results of the experiment were then compared with the heat and mass transfer correlations taken from previous studies, and also combined with Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations to examine the physical processes that occur in the cooling towers. All the experimental results, theoretical calculations and CFD simulations used variations of warm water mass, cold air, and water spray to present a clear description of the performance characteristics of a closed system cooling tower. The results of this study have shown that an increase in the amount of water spray mass flow causes an increase in the effectiveness value, heat transfer and overall mass transfer, as well as the cooling capacity of the cooling tower. The waste heat typically utilizes up to 80% of latent evaporation heat, and 20% of sensible air heat; however, waste heat in the closed system cooling tower utilizes 100% of latent evaporation heat. The mass transfer coefficient rate tends to be stable for a small mass of water spray."

"ABSTRAKAir Conditioner pada umumnya merupakan salah satu peralatan elektronik yang sangat memakan daya listrik dan kurang ramah lingkungan. AC portabel pun pada umumnya menggunakan sistem yang simpel dengan direct evaporative cooling terhadap uap air, yang mengakibatkan tingginya kelembapan relatif beriringan dengan turunnya suhu sehingga membahayakan kesehatan pengguna. Kenyamanan seseorang dalam beraktivitas maupun beristirahat di dalam ruangan dipengaruhi oleh suhu ruangan dan kelembapan, terlebih di Indonesia yang beriklim tropis di mana memiliki suhu rata-rata yang cukup tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendesain pendingin ruangan skala kecil ramah lingkungan. Dengan Finned Heatpipe sebagai alat penukar kalor, alat pendingin diharapkan mampu membuat kondisi ruangan eksperimen memenuhi standar SNI untuk kenyamanan termal bagi ruang kerja. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menghitung cooling load berdasarkan dimensi ruangan dan beban yang ada pada ruangan, hingga didapatkan airflow yang diperlukan sehingga dapat ditentukan kecepatan angin fan pada alat pendingin dan luas ductingnya. Semua eksperimen dilakukan dengan suhu ruangan awal 35 oC, jumlah baris heat pipe pada module yaitu 2 baris dan 3 baris, serta es batu yang digunakan untuk mendinginkan air pada reservoir dengan rasio massa air:es 6:1 dan 4:3 kg. Hasil dari alat pendingin rancangan menghasilkan kondisi ruangan eksperimen yang memenuhi standar SNI saat variasi 4:3 dan 3 baris dengan suhu akhir 26.68 oC dan kelembapan relatif 62.02%. Variasi lain belum memenuhi standar dengan beban pendingin yang sama. Hasil dari pengujian menunjukan alat pendingin akan bekerja secara optimal apabila dengan desain serta konfigurasi yang tepat dan maksimal.

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ABSTRACT

Air Conditioner in general is one of the electronic equipments which consumes much electricity and is less environmentally friendly. Portable air conditioners generally use a simple system with direct evaporative cooling against water vapor, which results in high relative humidity along with falling temperatures, that endangers the user's health. The comfort of people in their activities and resting conditions indoors are influenced by the room temperature and humidity, especially in Indonesia with a tropical climate which has a fairly high average temperature. This research aims to design an environmentally friendly air conditioners for small-scale room. With Finned Heatpipe as the heat exchanger, the cooling device is expected to be able to make the conditions of the experimental room to meet the SNI standards for thermal comfort for the workspace in the room. This research was conducted by calculating cooling load based on the dimensions of the room and the load that is in the room, to obtain the required airflow so that the fan wind speed can be determined on the cooler and also to determine the ducting area. All experiments were carried out with an initial room temperature of 35 oC, the number of rows of heat pipes in the module were varied into 2 rows and 3 rows, as well as ice cubes used to cool the water in the reservoir with a water:ice mass ratio of 6:1 and 4:3 kg. The results of the designed cooling device produce the experimental room condition that meets SNI standards when the variations are 4:3 and 3 rows with a final temperature of 26.68 oC and a relative humidity of 62.02%. Other variations do not meet the standards with the same cooling load. The results of the test show the cooler will work optimally with the right design and configuration. "