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"This book, these and other relevant questions on space technology export controls are identified and assessed through an insightful case-study of the U.S. commercial communication export control regime. The findings of this case-study are used in an international legal-political analysis of international space law, public international law, and international cooperation. Breaking new ground in international legal theory, a self-justified security dilemma that is manifest in international law is identified and explained as the origin for the current paradigm of space technology export controls."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kesesuaian regulasi nasional Indonesia terkait kontrol ekspor barang strategis dan sensitif, khususnya barang, dengan standar hukum internasional. Di tengah dinamika perdagangan global dan meningkatnya kekhawatiran akan proliferasi senjata pemusnah massal, Indonesia menghadapi tantangan dalam merumuskan kebijakan ekspor yang mampu melindungi keamanan nasional tanpa melanggar komitmen multilateral seperti ketentuan WTO dan prinsip non-proliferasi. Tesis ini menyoroti kekosongan hukum berupa belum adanya regulasi khusus mengenai pengelolaan perdagangan strategis, serta risiko sanksi internasional akibat pelarangan atau pembatasan ekspor yang tidak selaras dengan Pasal XI GATT 1994. Dengan pendekatan hukum normatif dan doktrinal, serta kerangka teori kedaulatan negara, penelitian ini menyimpulkan pentingnya harmonisasi hukum nasional dengan rezim kontrol ekspor global, termasuk melalui kemungkinan adopsi prinsip-prinsip Strategic Trade Management (STM). Ditekankan pula bahwa kebijakan kontrol ekspor Indonesia harus dirancang secara hati-hati agar tidak menjadi hambatan perdagangan yang tidak sah, namun tetap menjamin perlindungan terhadap keamanan nasional dan kedaulatan ekonomi negara.

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This research aims to analyze the compatibility of Indonesia’s domestic regulations on the export control of strategic and sensitive goods, particularly dual-use items, with international legal standards. Amidst the evolving global trade landscape and growing concerns over the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, Indonesia faces challenges in formulating export policies that safeguard national security while complying with multilateral obligations such as WTO provisions and non-proliferation principles. This thesis highlights the legal vacuum due to the absence of specific regulations on strategic trade management and the potential risk of international sanctions arising from export bans or restrictions that may conflict with Article XI of the GATT 1994. Using a normative and doctrinal legal approach, framed by the theory of state sovereignty, this study concludes the necessity of harmonizing national law with global export control regimes, including the possible adoption of Strategic Trade Management (STM) principles. It emphasizes that Indonesia’s export control policy must be carefully designed to avoid becoming an unlawful trade barrier while ensuring national security and economic sovereignty."