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"ABSTRACTThis article aims to explain the vulnerabilities of Indonesia's extractive industry governance to the illicit financial flows. Earlier studies figured out that the company in extractive industry has been found to be one of the prominent actors of illicit financial flows. In the case of Indonesia during the period of 2004-2013, the data of Global Financial Integrity (GFI) illustrated that Indonesia is among the top 10 developing countries - which have the highest value of illicit financial flows. This article seeks to explain the nature of illicit financial flows on extractive industry, the causation of why Indonesia's extractive industry is prone to the illicit financial flows, and finally the recommendation in addressing the issue. In doing so, the researchers conduct the qualitative desk research on explanatory methodology. The result explains that at least there are two natures of illicit financial flows on extractive industry, the behavior of rent-seeking and the dynamics of commodity prices. This article also found out that there are three main sources of regulatory vulnerability which may accommodate the rent-seeking behavior - which directly and indirectly influence the illicit financial flow, which are the different sets of revenue data, arm's length measurement within the vulnerable enforcement, and regarding the cost recovery scheme. Other than that, the multi-level governance context shown by the decentralization policy of natural resources in Indonesia widens the loopholes of Indonesia's extractive industry illicit financial flows."

"Globalisasi yang terjadi menciptakan liberalisasi ekonomi yang juga mengarah pada persaingan usaha secara liberal antar pelaku usaha di segala sector. Dalam menjalankan aktivitas bisnisnya, sangat memungkinkan jika beberapa pihak menggunaan cara-cara yang illegal dan melanggar hukum persaingan usaha, salah satunya adalah dengan tindakan bid-rigging atau persekongkolan tender. Bid-rigging dalam aturannya di hukum persaingan usaha berkaitan erat dengan pengadaan (procurement), sebagai salah satu cara untuk memenuhi kebutuhan baik untuk sektor publik maupun privat. Isu yang akan diangkat dalam hal ini akan berkaitan dengan bid-rigging yang dilakukan dalam lingkup industry ekstraktif sebagai salah satu sektor yang memiliki peran signifikan bagi negara baik yang sedang berkembang yakni Indonesia, serta Australia sebagai negara maju. Skripsi ini mengambil 2 (dua) pokok permasalahan yaitu bagaimana perbandingan elemen di pengaturan bid-rigging dalam tahap pengadaan di industri ekstratif, dengan spesifikasi khusus sektor pertambangan serta minyak dan gas ditinjau dari hukum persaingan usaha di Indonesia dan Australia, dan implementasi dari pengaturan tersebut bagi kedua negara. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis-normatif, yang menekankan pada penggunaan norma hukum secara tertulis. Dengan membandingkan pengaturan serta implementasi di kedua negara, ditemukan bahwa pengaturan yang dimiliki hukum persaingan usaha Indonesia lebih umum dan memiliki cakupan yang luas dibandingkan dengan Australia. Implementasi pengaturan yang ada di kedua negara juga bervariasi dan memiliki perbedaan yang signifikan, dimana lebih banyak kasus terkait yang dilaporkan di Indonesia dibandingkan dengan di Australia.

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Globalization that occurs results in economic liberalization, which also leads to liberal business competition between business actors within various industries. However, in the course of conducting business activities, it is possible that some parties may be using illegal methods and violating business competition regulations, one of which is a bid-rigging or tender conspiracy. Bid-rigging in the context of business competitions is correlated to procurement as a means to fulfill the necessities for both the public and private sectors. This research will address the issue of bid rigging carried out within the scope of the extractive industry as a sector with a significant role in Indonesia as a developing country, and Australia as a developed country. This research focuses on 2 (two) main issues, namely the comparison of the bid-rigging elements contained in each arrangement in the procurement process in the extractive industry, particularly mining and oil and gas sectors in terms of business competition law in Indonesia and Australia, and the implementation of the arrangements in both countries. The research method used is juridical-normative, which emphasizes written legal norms. By comparing the regulation and implementation in the two countries, it is acknowledged that the regulation of Indonesian competition law is more general and has a broad scope compared to Australia's. The implementation of existing arrangements within both countries also varies and has significant differences, with more related cases being reported in Indonesia than in Australia."

"Permasalahan pelanggaran hukum yang sering terjadi di sekitar Teluk Bintuni-Papua Barat dipengaruhi oleh berkembangnya perusahaan ekstraktif yang melakukan pengeboran lepas pantai dalam melakukan eksploitasi sumber daya alam. Adapun pelanggaran hukum sering terjadi di Teluk Bintuni adalah dikarenakan banyaknya tenaga kerja yang tidak terserap dengan baik oleh industri tersebut, masalah ekonomi dan juga Hak ulayat. Oleh karena itu, tesis ini membahas mengenai metode yang tepat untuk mencegah pelanggaran hukum yang berdampak terhadap industri di Teluk Bintuni. Hasil Penelitian ini adalah metode pencegahan kejahatan yang secara efektif dengan menggunakan metode Human Security dan Community Policing yang dapat meredam tingkat pelanggaran hukum. Penggerak dari metode pencegahan ini adalah kolaborasi antara Masyarakat itu sendiri, Kepolisian dan juga Perusahaan.

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The problem of law violations that often occurs around Bintuni Bay-West Papua is influenced by the development of extractive companies that carry out offshore drilling in the exploitation of natural resources. The law violations that often occur in Bintuni Bay are due to the large number of workers who are not absorbed by the industry, economic problems and also customary rights. Therefore, this thesis discusses the appropriate method to prevent law violations that have an impact on the industry in Bintuni Bay. The results of this study are an effective crime prevention method using the Human Security and Community Policing that can reduce the level of law violations. The driving force behind this prevention method is the collaboration between the Community itself, the Police and the Company."

"Tantangan program CSR korporasi di bidang industri ekstraktif Indonesia adalah merealisasikan keberlanjutan program, yang dinilai problematis sebab masifnya disharmonisasi serta rendahnya sinergitas antara pihak korporasi dengan pemangku kepentingan. Walaupun program CSR telah ditetapkan dengan wujud mandataris, keberlanjutan program CSR masih enggan diraih karena korporasi cenderung imperatif. Dalam cakupan model evaluasi program CSR, secara formatif dapat dipetakan menjadi tiga tingkatan yaitu internal program, organisasi pengelola, serta kemasyarakatan. Urgensi pada program CSR di indikasi terletak pada dimensi keberlanjutan, karena pada praktiknya pengelola terlalu mengabaikan durabilitas program tanpa merefleksikan potensi sosial, ekonomi, lingkungan, dan budaya masyarakat setempat. Merespon hal tersebut, korporasi dapat melakukan intervensi melalui rekonstruksi model evaluasi formatif dengan mempertimbangkan proses konsolidasi terhadap komunitas lokal. Penulis berargumen, jika prosedur konsolidasi terlaksana dengan baik, akan mampu memberikan pengaruh signifikan terhadap tingkat pemberdayaan dan tingkat partisipasi. Semakin tinggi tingkat konsolidasi, maka semakin tinggi tingkat pemberdayaan dan tingkat partisipasi, sehingga semakin tinggi pula tingkat keberlanjutan program CSR. Model Evaluasi dalam riset ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode pengumpulan data melalui teknik Digital Research Methods milik Dawson, yakni melalui teknik e-questionnaires serta online interviews, dengan melibatkan kelompok pemanfaat program CSR PT. Pertamina Lubricants Production Unit Jakarta diidaerahiKelurahaniTuguiSelatan,iKecamataniKoja, KotaiJakartaiUtara. Riset ini menggunakan uji analisis regresi untuk memperoleh potret secara ekstensif terhadap tingkat keberlanjutan program. Hasil dari riset ini menunjukkan bahwa tingkat konsolidasi berada dalam kategori tinggi, hal ini berkesinambungan dengan tingginya tingkat pemberdayaan dan tingkat partisipasi pemanfaat program, sehingga keberlanjutan dari program ini seyogianya akan berakselerasi dengan baik.

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The challenge of corporate CSR programs in the Indonesian extractive industry sector is to realize the sustainability of the program, which is considered problematic due to the massive disharmony and low synergy between the corporations and stakeholders. Although the CSR program has been established in a mandatory form, the sustainability of the CSR program is still reluctant to be achieved because corporations tend to be imperative. Within the scope of the CSR program evaluation model, formatively it can be mapped into three levels, namely internal program, managing organization, and community. The urgency of the CSR program is indicated to lie in the dimension of sustainability, because in practice the manager ignores the durability of the program without reflecting on the social, economic, environmental, and cultural potential of the local community. Responding to this, corporations can intervene through the reconstruction of a formative evaluation model by considering the consolidation process for local communities. The author argues, if the consolidation procedure is carried out properly, it will be able to have a significant influence on the level of empowerment and level of participation. The higher the level of consolidation, the higher the level of empowerment and the level of participation, so the higher the level of sustainability of the CSR program. The evaluation model in this research uses a quantitative approach with data collection methods through Dawson's Digital Research Methods technique, namely through e-questionnaires and online interviews, involving a group of beneficiaries of the CSR program PT. Pertamina Lubricants Production Unit Jakarta in Tugu Selatan Village, Koja District, North Jakarta City. This research uses regression analysis to obtain an extensive portrait of the level of program sustainability. The results of this research show that the level of consolidation is in the high category, this is continuous with the high level of empowerment and participation of program beneficiaries, so that the sustainability of this program should accelerate well."