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"Latar Belakang: Penatalaksanaan klinis pada pasien COVID-19 mencakup tindakan pencegahan dan pengendalian infeksi serta perawatan suportif termasuk oksigen tambahan dan dukungan ventilasi mekanis. Pemberian terapi antivirus diharapkan dapat mengurangi tingkat keparahan dan mortalitas. Di antara terapi antivirus yang diberikan, favipiravir dan remdesivir merupakan terapi antivirus untuk pasien dewasa dengan COVID-19 derajat berat atau kritis yang direkomendasikan pemberiannya menurut Protokol Tata Laksana COVID-19. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah membandingkan tingkat kesembuhan pasien COVID-19 yang diterapi dengan remdesivir dan favipiravir ditinjau dari CRP, viral clearance, dan NLR.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional dengan desain kohort retrospektif. Kelompok yang mendapat paparan terapi antivirus favipiravir dan kelompok yang mendapat paparan terapi antivirus remdesivir diikuti sampai terjadinya outcome. Data yang akan digunakan adalah data sekunder dari rekam medis pasien COVID-19 yang dirawat di ruang Intensif Care Unit (ICU) dan High Care Unit (HCU) RSUD Tarakan dengan pemeriksaan RT-PCR positif berusia minimal 18 tahun yang mendapat terapi antivirus remdesivir dan favipiravir pada bulan April 2020-September 2021. Uji statistik menggunakan chi square yang dilanjutkan dengan uji regresi logistik untuk menilai secara multivariat jika memenuhi persyaratan.Hasil: Pada penelitian ini didapat hubungan bermakna antara antivirus yang digunakan pasien COVID-19 dengan tingkat kesembuhan (OR 0, 384; CI 95% = 0,234-0,606 ). Tingkat kesembuhan lebih baik berdasarkan CRP adalah 35,5% pada remdesivir dan 51,4% pada favipiravir (OR 0,690; CI 95% = 0,525-0,907), berdasarkan RNL adalah 14,2% pada remdesivir dan 41,1% pada favipiravir (OR 0,345; CI 95% = 0,220-0,541) dan berdasarkan viral clearence adalah 20 hari pada remdesivir dan 21 hari pada favipiravir untuk virus tidak lagi terdeteksi (OR 1,79; CI 95% = 0,804-1,730).Kesimpulan : Tingkat kesembuhan lebih baik sebesar 14,2% pada kelompok remdesivir dibandingkan kelompok favipiravir yang sembuh lebih baik sebesar 37%. Remdesivir memberikan tingkat kesembuhan sebesar 0,384 kali lebih baik dari favipiravir.......Background: Clinical management of COVID-19 patients includes infection prevention and control measures as well as supportive care including supplemental oxygen and mechanical ventilation support. Giving antiviral therapy is expected to reduce the severity and mortality. Among the antiviral therapies given, favipiravir and remdesivir are antiviral therapies for adult patients with severe or critically ill COVID-19 that are recommended according to the COVID-19 Management Protocol. This study aims to compare the cure rates of COVID-19 patients treated with remdesivir and favipiravir in terms of CRP, viral clearance, and NLR.Methods: This study is an observational study with a retrospective cohort design. The group exposed to antiviral therapy with favipiravir and the group exposed to antiviral therapy remdesivir were followed until the outcome. The data to be used is secondary data from medical records of COVID-19 patients treated in the intensive care unit (ICU) and High Care Unit (HCU) of Tarakan Hospital with positive RT-PCR examination aged at least 18 years who received antiviral therapy remdesivir and favipiravir in April 2020-September 2021. Admission criteria included patients aged at least 18 years who had confirmed COVID-19 with positive RT-PCR who were receiving remdesivir or favipiravir therapy. Exclusion criterias were pregnancy and breastfeeding. Statistical test using chi square followed by logistic regression test to assess multivariately if it meets the requirements.Result: In this study, there was a significant relationship between the antiviral used by COVID-19 patients and the recovery rate (OR 0,384; 95% CI = 0,234-0,606), The better recovery rate based on CRP was 35.5% for remdesivir and 51.4% for favipiravir (OR 0.690; 95% CI = 0.525-0.907), based on RNL was 14.2% for remdesivir and 41.1% for favipiravir ( OR 0.345; 95% CI = 0.220 – 0.541) and based on viral clearance, it took 20 days on remdesivir and 21 days on favipiravir for virus no longer detectableConclusion: There was a significant relationship of the recovery rate in the two antiviral groups. The recovery rate for COVID-19 was better by 14.2% in the remdesivir group compared to the favipiravir group which recovered better by 37%. Remdesivir provides a recovery rate of 0,384 times better than favipiravir."

"Latar Belakang: Penatalaksanaan klinis pada pasien COVID-19 mencakup tindakan pencegahan dan pengendalian infeksi serta perawatan suportif termasuk oksigen tambahan dan dukungan ventilasi mekanis. Pemberian terapi antivirus diharapkan dapat mengurangi tingkat keparahan dan mortalitas. Di antara terapi antivirus yang diberikan, favipiravir dan remdesivir merupakan terapi antivirus untuk pasien dewasa dengan COVID-19 derajat berat atau kritis yang direkomendasikan pemberiannya menurut Protokol Tata Laksana COVID-19. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalahmembandingkan tingkat kesembuhan pasien COVID-19 yang diterapi dengan remdesivir dan favipiravir ditinjau dari CRP, viral clearance, dan NLR.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional dengan desain kohort retrospektif. Kelompok yang mendapat paparan terapi antivirus favipiravir dan kelompok yang mendapat paparan terapi antivirus remdesivir diikuti sampai terjadinya outcome. Data yang akan digunakan adalah data sekunder dari rekam medis pasien COVID-19 yang dirawat di ruang Intensif Care Unit (ICU) dan High Care Unit (HCU) RSUD Tarakan dengan pemeriksaan RT-PCR positif berusia minimal 18 tahun yang mendapat terapi antivirus remdesivir dan favipiravir pada bulan April 2020 – September 2021.Uji statistik menggunakan chi square yang dilanjutkan dengan uji regresi logistik untuk menilai secara multivariat jika memenuhi persyaratan.Hasil: Pada penelitian ini didapat hubungan bermakna antara antivirus yang digunakan pasien COVID-19 dengan tingkat kesembuhan (OR 0, 384; CI 95% = 0,234 – 0,606 ). Tingkat kesembuhan lebih baik berdasarkan CRP adalah 35,5% pada remdesivir dan 51,4% pada favipiravir (OR 0,690; CI 95% = 0,525-0,907), berdasarkan RNL adalah 14,2% pada remdesivir dan 41,1% pada favipiravir (OR 0,345; CI 95% = 0,220 – 0,541) dan berdasarkan viral clearence adalah 20 hari pada remdesivir dan 21 hari pada favipiravir untuk virus tidak lagi terdeteksi (OR 1,79; CI 95% = 0,804-1,730). Kesimpulan : Tingkat kesembuhan lebih baik sebesar 14,2% pada kelompok remdesivir dibandingkan kelompok favipiravir yang sembuh lebih baik sebesar 37%. Remdesivir memberikan tingkat kesembuhan sebesar 0,384 kali lebih baik dari favipiravir.......Background: Clinical management of COVID-19 patients includes infection prevention and control measures as well as supportive care including supplemental oxygen and mechanical ventilation support. Giving antiviral therapy is expected to reduce the severity and mortality. Among the antiviral therapies given, favipiravir and remdesivir are antiviral therapies for adult patients with severe or critically ill COVID-19 that are recommended according to the COVID-19 Management Protocol. This study aims to compare the cure rates of COVID-19 patients treated with remdesivir and favipiravir in terms of CRP, viral clearance, and NLR.Methods: This study is an observational study with a retrospective cohort design. The group exposed to antiviral therapy with favipiravir and the group exposed to antiviral therapy remdesivir were followed until the outcome. The data to be used is secondary data from medical records of COVID-19 patients treated in the intensive care unit (ICU) and High Care Unit (HCU) of Tarakan Hospital with positive RT-PCR examination aged at least 18 years who received antiviral therapy remdesivir and favipiravir in April 2020 – September 2021. Admission criteria included patients aged at least 18 years who had confirmed COVID-19 with positive RT-PCR who were receiving remdesivir or favipiravir therapy. Exclusion criterias were pregnancy and breastfeeding. Statistical test using chi square followed by logistic regression test to assess multivariately if it meets the requirements.Result: In this study, there was a significant relationship between the antiviral used by COVID-19 patients and the recovery rate (OR 0,384; 95% CI = 0,234 – 0,606), The better recovery rate based on CRP was 35.5% for remdesivir and 51.4% for favipiravir (OR 0.690; 95% CI = 0.525-0.907), based on RNL was 14.2% for remdesivir and 41.1% for favipiravir ( OR 0.345; 95% CI = 0.220 – 0.541) and based on viral clearance, it took 20 days on remdesivir and 21 days on favipiravir for virus no longer detectableConclusion: There was a significant relationship of the recovery rate in the two antiviral groups. The recovery rate for COVID-19 was better by 14.2% in the remdesivir group compared to the favipiravir group which recovered better by 37%. Remdesivir provides a recovery rate of 0,384 times better than favipiravir."

"Vaksinasi dan penggunaan antivirus remdesivir dan favipiravir merupakan strategi yang dapat digunakan untuk menekan pertumbuhan COVID-19. Namun penelitian tentang pengaruh vaksinasi terhadap efektivitas terapi antivirus pada pasien COVID-19 secara klinis masih terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh vaksinasi terhadap efektivitas terapi remdesivir dan favipiravir pada pasien terkonfirmasi COVID-19. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional dengan desain kohort retrospektif dilakukan di rumah sakit Universitas Indonesia, Depok. Data diambil dari rekam medis RS periode Januari 2021 hingga Agustus 2022. Efektivitas terapi ditentukan dengan menilai kelompok sudah vaksin dan belum vaksin berdasarkan perbaikan kondisi klinis pasien, lama rawat inap, dan kematian pada pasien COVID-19. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa vaksinasi memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap perbaikan kondisi klinis, lama rawat inap, dan kematian (p < 0,05) pada pasien yang diberi terapi remdesivir dan telah divaksin dibandingkan dengan pasien yang belum divaksin. Pada pasien yang diberi terapi favipiravir vaksinasi tidak menunjukkan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap perbaikan kondisi klinis, lama rawat inap, dan kematian pada pasien yang telah divaksin dibandingkan dengan pasien yang belum vaksin. Vaksinasi memiliki pengaruh yang baik terhadap efektivitas terapi remdesivir pada pasien COVID-19, yaitu dapat meningkatkan perbaikan kondisi klinis pasien kearah yang lebih baik, mengurangi lama rawat inap dan kematian. Namun tidak memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap efektivitas terapi favipiravir.......Vaccination and the use of the antivirals remdesivir and favipiravir are strategies that can be used to suppress the growth of COVID-19. However, clinical research on the effect of vaccination on the effectiveness of antiviral therapy in COVID-19 patients is still limited. This study aims to analyze the effect of vaccination on the effectiveness of remdesivir and favipiravir therapy in patients with confirmed COVID-19. This study was an observational study with a retrospective cohort design conducted at Universitas Indonesia Hospital, Depok. Data were taken from medical records for the period from January 2021 to August 2022. The effectiveness of therapy was determined by assessing the vaccine and non-vaccine groups based on improvement in the patient's clinical condition, length of stay, and mortality in COVID-19 patients. The results of the analysis showed that vaccination had a significant effect on improving clinical condition, length of stay, and mortality (p <0.05) in patients who were given remdesivir therapy and vaccinated compared to patients who not vaccinated. In patients who were given favipiravir, the vaccination did not show a significant effect on improving clinical conditions, length of stay, and death in patients who had been vaccinated compared to patients who not vaccinated. Vaccination has a positive effect on the effectiveness of remdesivir therapy in COVID-19 patients, which can improve the patient's clinical condition, reducing length of stay and mortality. However, it does not have a significant effect on the effectiveness of favipiravir therapy."

"Wabah COVID-19 yang disebabkan oleh SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) telah menjadi pandemi di seluruh dunia. Para peneliti berupaya untuk mengetahui dan mengembangkan obat-obatan yang berpotensi dalam melawan penyakit ini dengan mengevaluasi kembali obat yang kemungkinan dapat melawan virus ini. Oseltamivir dan favipiravir merupaka obat yang disetujui untuk pengobatan dan menunjukkan aktivitas ampuh melawan SARS-CoV-2. Namun, pengobatan definitif dari wabah ini belum diketahui. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi efek oseltamivir dan favipiravir pada pasien terkonfirmasi COVID-19 terhadap luaran klinis dan lama rawat. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian cross-sectional dan retrospektif dengan menggunakan data rekam medis pasien rawat inap periode Maret hingga Oktober 2020. Penelitian dilakukan di RSUP Fatmawati Jakarta. Total sampel 114 pasien dengan 98 pasien (86%) menerima terapi oseltamivir dan 16 pasien (14%) menerima favipiravir. Proporsi pasien dengan luaran klinis sembuh adalah 101 pasien (88,6%) sedangkan 11 pasien meninggal (11,4%). Sebagian besar pasien memiliki lama rawat ≤ 14 hari (58,8%) sedangkan pasien dengan lama rawat > 14 hari sebanyak 41,2%. Efek antivirus (oseltamivir dan favipiravir) terhadap luaran klinis tidak signifikan secara statistik (p=0,690, OR=0,478, IK95% 0,058-3,950). Hubungan antara antivirus terhadap lama rawat juga tidak signifikan secara statistik (p=0,852, OR=0,767, IK95% 0,251-2,342). Variabel independen lain yang mempengaruhi luaran klinis ialah derajat keparahan (p=0,004) dan komorbid (p=0,009) sedangkan variabel lain yang mempengaruhi lama rawat ialah usia (p=0,005). Pada studi ini dengan data Maret hingga Oktober 2020 menunjukkan bahwa oseltamivir dan favipiravir tidak memiliki hubungan bermakna terhadap luaran klinis maupun lama rawat pasien terkonfirmasi COVID-19. Penulis berharap penelitian ini dapat memberikan informasi yang bermanfaat tetapi studi lebih lanjut tetap diperlukan.......The outbreak of COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2) is a worldwide pandemic. It has led researchers to develop drugs to fight against this ailment. Repurposed drugs have been evaluated to accelerate the treatment of COVID-19 patients. Oseltamivir and Favipiravir are drugs approved for the treatment of influenza. Both drugs have shown potent activity against SARS-CoV-2. Nevertheless, definitive treatment of this outbreak has not been confirmed yet. This study aims to evaluate the effect of oseltamivir and favipiravir in patients with confirmed COVID-19 on clinical outcomes and length of stay. It is a retrospective cross-sectional study using medical record data. The study was conducted at Fatmawati General Hospital Jakarta between March to October 2020. In this study, 98 patients (86.0%) received oseltamivir, while 16 patients (14.0%) received favipiravir. The mortality rate was 11.4% (13 patients), while the recovered was 88.6% (103 patients). Most of the patients had LoS (Length of Stay) of ≤ 14 (58.8%), while patients with LoS > 14 days were 41.2%. Antivirals (oseltamivir and favipiravir) effect on clinical outcome was not statistically significant (p = 0.690; OR = 0.478; CI95% 0.058-3.950) .Likewise, the association between antivirals and LoS was not statistically significant (p = 0.852; OR = 0.767; CI95% 0.251-2.342). Other independent variables that affect the clinical outcome are the degree of severity (p=0.004) and comorbidities (p=0.009), while another variable that affects the length of stay is age (p=0.005). In conclusion, oseltamivir and favipiravir were not significantly associated with clinical outcomes and length of stays in COVID-19 patients on March to October 2020. We hope this study will provide useful information about COVID-19 therapy. However, further study needs."

"Penelitian mengenai efektivitas favipiravir pada COVID-19 di beberapa negara memberikan hasil yang beragam. Studi populasi Indonesia masih terbatas pada derajat sedang dan berat. Evaluasi efektivitas dan keamanan favipiravir pada tingkat keparahan ringan dan sedang diperlukan dalam melengkapi pedoman terapi dengan bukti yang sesuai. Penelitian dilakukan secara kohor retrospektif menggunakan rekam medis pasien COVID-19 derajat ringan dan sedang yang dirawat di RS Grha Permata Ibu Depok pada Juli 2020 hingga 2021. Efektivitas dinilai berdasarkan perbaikan klinis saat keluar rumah sakit, hasil PCR akhir, status oksigenasi, dan durasi rawat. 192 rekam medis pasien rawat inap COVID-19 dibagi dalam kelompok favipiravir (n=96) dan non-favipiravir (n=96). Favipiravir memberikan perbaikan klinis yang lebih baik dengan effect size yang kecil (p=0,038; RR=1,19; 95% CI=1,02-1,39). Namun setelah dikontrol variabel usia, jumlah komorbid, dan oksigenasi awal, pemberian favipiravir meningkat menjadi 2,55 kali lebih efektif daripada non-favipiravir. Favipiravir juga memberikan pengaruh signifikan pada hasil PCR akhir serta durasi rawat inap (p=0,009 ; 0,002) namun tidak memberikan perbedaan dalam status oksigenasi (p=0,097). Tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan pada proporsi kejadian yang tidak diinginkan (KTD) selama pemberian favipiravir (30%) dan non-favipiravir (23%) (p=0,33). Pemberian favipiravir secara signifikan terkait dengan peningkatan perbaikan klinis pasien COVID-19. KTD yang muncul selama terapi relatif aman.......Research on the effectiveness of favipiravir against COVID-19 has yielded mixed results in several countries. Study in Indonesian population was still limited in moderate to severe COVID-19. Assess the efficacy and safety of favipiravir at mild to moderate severity is necessary to complement therapy guidelines with appropriate evidence. The study was conducted in a retrospective cohort using medical records of COVID-19 hospitalized patients at Grha Permata Ibu Hospital Depok from July 2020 to 2021. Efficacy was assessed using clinical improvement at discharge, final PCR results, oxygenation status, and lenght of stay. Medical records of 192 COVID-19 hospitalized patients were divided into favipiravir (n=96) and non-favipiravir (n=96) groups. Favipiravir provided better clinical improvement with small effect size (p=0.038; RR=1.19; 95% CI=1.02-1.39). However, after controlling age, number of comorbidities, and initial oxygenation variables, favipiravir 2.55 times more potent than non-favipiravir. Favipiravir also had a significant effect on final PCR results and length of stay (p=0.009;0.002), but has no difference in oxygenation status (p=0.097). There was no difference in the adverse drug reactions during treatment with antiviruses (p=0.33). Favipiravir administration was significantly associated with enhanced clinical improvement in COVID-19 patients. Side effects that occur during treatment are relatively safe."

"Infeksi virus dengue (DENV) masih menjadi masalah kesehatan global di dunia termasuk Indonesia. Menurut data CDC, diseluruh dunia terdapat sekitar 400 juta kasus DENV dengan 40.000 jiwa setiap tahunnya. Keparahan infeksi DENV berkaitan dengan jumlah viral load yang tinggi dan badai sitokin yang disebabkan oleh inflamasi berlebih. Sampai saat ini tidak ada antivirus spesifik digunakan untuk DENV, sementara itu penggunaan obat anti inflamasi untuk DENV terbatas hanya untuk pasien dengan gejala klinis berat. Favipiravir dan Kina Sulfat telah dilaporkan sebagai drug repurposing yang dapat menghambat replikasi DENV, namun apakah kedua obat ini memiliki aktivitas anti-inflamasi yang disebabkan oleh infeksi DENV belum dikaji lebih lanjut. Aktivitas antivirus favipiravir dan kina sulfat dianalisis melalui nilai IC50 dan CC50 terhadap DENV serotipe-1 (DENV-1) pada sel Vero. Ekspresi relatif sitokin TNF-a, IL-6, IL-10 dan faktor transkripsi NFkB dianalisis dari PBMC donor sehat yang diinfeksikan DENV-1 dengan pemberian Favipiravir atau Kina Sulfat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan IC50 dan CC50 untuk Favipiravir sebesar 2,72 ug/mL dan 156,78 ug/mL dengan nilai SI 58, sementara IC50 dan CC50 Kina Sulfat sebesar 14,97 ug/mL dan 85,2 ug/mL dengan nilai SI 5,69. Favipiravir dan Kina Sulfat mampu menurunkan ekspresi IL-6 dan IL-10, namun menginduksi ekspresi TNF-a dan faktor transkripsi NFkB pada dua skema uji infeksi DENV-1 dengan atau tanpa antibodi. Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa Favipirafir memiliki aktivitas antivirus dengue yang lebih baik dibandingkan Kina Sulfat sementara peranan Favipiravir dan Kina Sulfat sebagai anti-inflamasi infeksi DENV masih memerlukan studi lebih lanjut.......Dengue virus (DENV) infection is still a global health problem in the world, including Indonesia. According to CDC data, worldwide there are around 400 million DENV cases with 40,000 deaths each year. The severity of DENV infection is related to the high viral load and cytokine storm caused by excessive inflammation. Until now there is no specific antiviral used for DENV, meanwhile the use of anti-inflammatory drugs for DENV is limited to patients with severe clinical symptoms. Favipiravir and Quinine Sulfate have been reported as repurposing drugs that can inhibit DENV replication, but whether these two drugs have anti-inflammatory activity caused by DENV infection has not been studied further. The antiviral activity of Favipiravir and Quinine Sulfate was analyzed through IC50 and CC50 values against DENV serotype-1 (DENV-1) on Vero cells. The relative expression of cytokines TNF-a, IL-6, IL-10 and the transcription factor NFkB was analyzed from PBMCs of healthy donors infected with DENV-1 with the addition of Favipiravir or Quinine Sulfate. The results showed that the IC50 and CC50 for Favipiravir were 2,72 ug/mL and 156,78 ug/mL with an SI value of 58, while the IC50 and CC50 of Quinine Sulfate were 14,97 ug/mL and 85,2 ug/mL with an SI value 5,69. Favipiravir and Quinine Sulfate were able to reduce the expression of IL-6 and IL-10, but induced the expression of TNF-a and the transcription factor NFkB in two DENV-1 infection test schemes with or without ADE. From this study it can be concluded that Favipiravir has better dengue antiviral activity than Quinine Sulfate, while the role of Favipiravir and Quinine Sulfate as an anti-inflammatory for DENV infections still requires further study. From this study, it can be concluded that Favipiravir has better dengue antiviral activity than Quinine Sulfate while the role of Favipiravir and Quinine Sulfate as anti-inflammatory of DENV infection still requires further study."

"Favipiravir adalah agen antivirus yang selektif dan dapat digunakan untuk menghambat enzim RNA-dependent RNA polimerase (RdRp) dari virus RNA yang digunakan dalam terapi COVID-19. Favipiravir sebagai obat COVID-19 masih terus diteliti, terutama mengenai efek terapi yang ditimbulkan dari favipiravir. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan melalui studi farmakokinetik dalam sampel Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling (VAMS) yang cocok digunakan pada masa pandemi untuk menghambat penyebaran virus. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini merupakan darah yang diambil dari enam subjek sehat yang telah diberikan tablet oral favipiravir Avigan® 200 mg pada jam ke-0 (pre-dose); 0,083; 0,167; 0,33; 0,5; 0,75; 1; 1,5; 2;  4; 6; 8; dan 12 jam setelah pemberian obat. Kondisi kromatografi yang digunakan adalah kolom Acquity UPLC BEH C18 (2,1 x 100 mm; 1,7 um); fase gerak asam format 0,2% dalam air – asetonitril (50:50 %v/v); dan asiklovir sebagai baku dalam. Profil farmakokinetika favipiravir dalam sampel VAMS memberikan hasil rata-rata AUC0-12h sebesar 8016,98 0-∞8075,45 ng.jam/mL; konsentrasi maksimum (Cmaks) dari keenam subjek sehat berkisar antara 3684,06 – 5338,38 ng/mL dengan rata-rata konsentrasi maksimum sebesar4501,02 ± 680,63ng/mL; waktu puncak (tmaks) keenam subjek adalah 0,5 jam; dan rata-rata waktu paruh (t1/2) 1,51 ± 0,15......Favipiravir is a selective antivirus agent that is capable to hinder the presence of RNA- dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) enzyme from the RNA-virus used in COVID-19 therapy. The study of favipiravir as a COVID-19 drugs still being carried out regarding the therapeutic effects caused by favipiravir. During the pandemic, the microsampling such as Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling become the alternative for collecting the blood because it can inhibit the virus transferred. Therefore, in this study, six healthy subjects were tested for favipiravir content with the use of Volumetric Absorptive Micro- sampling (VAMS) that is safe for use. Blood samples were taken before the dose, and at t+0.083; 0.167; 0.33; 0.5; 0.75; 1; 1.5; 2; 4; 6; 8; and 12 hours after the dose of favipiravir Avigan® 200mg. By using Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography – Tandem Mass Spectometry (UPLC-MS/MS), pharmacokinetic study was done in order to obtain parameters such as AUC0-12h AUC0-∞, Cmax, Tmax, and t1/2. The chromatographic conditions used in the experiment were Acquity UPLC BEH C18 (2.1 x 100 mm; 1.7 um) column; mobile phase of formic acid 0.2% in water – acetonitrile (50:50 %v/v); injection volume of 10 μl; flow rate of 0.15 mL/min; column temperature of 50°C; acyclovir as internal standard; and analysis time was 3.5 minutes. Pharmacokinetic profile of favipiravir content in the VAMS sample generates AUC0-12h was 8016.98 ± 1135.89 ng.hour/mL; AUC0-∞ was 8075.45 ± 1139.97 ng.hour/mL; a maximum concentration (Cmax) ranging from 3684.06 to 5338,38 ng/mL, averaging at 4501.02 ± 680.63 ng/mL; peak time (tmax) of the six subjects was at 0.5 hour; and half-time (t1/2) was 1.51 ± 0.15 hours."

"Favipiravir merupakan prodrug hasil modifikasi gugus pirazin dari senyawa T-1105 yang diberikan sebagai terapi COVID-19. Pada masa pandemi diperlukan teknik biosampling yang aman dan nyaman untuk subjek atau pasien. Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling (VAMS) merupakan teknik biosampling dengan volume darah yang kecil dan meminimalisasi efek hematokrit. Belum ada penelitian favipiravir dalam Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling menggunakan Kromatografi Cair Kinerja Tinggi-Photodiode Array. Penelitian yang dilakukan bertujuan untuk mengembangkan dan memvalidasi metode analisis favipiravir dalam sampel VAMS menggunakan remdesivir sebagai baku dalam secara Kromatografi Cair Kinerja Tinggi−Photodiode Array. Analisis favipiravir dilakukan dengan menggunakan kolom C18 (Waters, Sunfire™ 5μm; 250×4,6 mm), volume injeksi 50 μL, laju alir 0,8 mL/menit, suhu kolom 30℃ pada panjang gelombang 300 nm. Pemisahan dilakukan menggunakan fase gerak asetonitril-asam format 0,2%-natrium dihidrogen fosfat 20 mM pH 3,5 dengan elusi gradien selama 15 menit. Preparasi sampel dilakukan dengan metode pengendapan protein menggunakan 500 μL metanol dengan pengocokan vortex selama 30 detik, sonikasi selama 15 menit, dan sentrifugasi pada 10.000 rpm selama 10 menit. LLOQ yang didapatkan sebesar 0,5 μg/mL dan rentang kurva kalibrasi 0,5-160 μg/mL dengan koefisien korelasi 0,99825-0,99860. Metode yang dikembangkan telah memenuhi parameter validasi penuh yang dikeluarkan oleh Food and Drug Administration 2018......Favipiravir is a prodrug of T-1105 made by modifying the pyrazine group as a COVID-19 therapy. During the pandemic, a safe and comfortable biosampling technique is needed for the subject or patient. Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling (VAMS) is a biosampling technique with a small blood volume and minimum hematocrit effect. There has been no study to analyze favipiravir in VAMS using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Photodiode Array yet. The aims of this study were to develop and validate an analytical method for quantifying favipiravir in VAMS using High Performance Liquid Chromatography – Photodiode Array with remdesivir as an internal standard. Analysis of favipiravir was performed using a C18 column (Waters, Sunfire™ 5μm; 250 × 4.6 mm), with injection volume of 50 μL, flow rate 0.8 mL/min, column temperature 30 ℃, and wavelength 300 nm. The separation was conducted under gradient elution with mobile phase consists of acetonitrile-0.2% formic acid-20 mM sodium dihydrogen phosphate pH 3.5 and run time 12 minutes. Sample preparation was carried out using a protein precipitation method with 500 μL of methanol as precipitating agent. Samples were mixed on vortex for 30 seconds, sonicated for 15 minutes, and centrifuged at 10,000 rpm for 10 minutes. The LLOQ obtained was 0,5 μg/mL and the calibration curve ranged from 0,5 to 160 μg/mL with a correlation coefficient of 0.99825-0.99860. The method developed has succesfully met the full validation requirements by Food and Drug Administration 2018."

"Kasus positif Covid-19 yang berkembang pesat di Indonesia harus diimbangi dengan kualitas penanganan yang baik, salah satunya dengan menjanjikan peningkatan jumlah pasien sembuh. Favipiravir merupakan obat antivirus yang efektif menghambat infeksi virus Covid-19. Dalam penggunaan dan peresepan favipiravir sebagai obat antivirus, dapat terjadi kesalahan yang akan menyebabkan pengobatan bagi pasien Covid-19 tidak efektif, salah satunya adalah Masalah Terkait Obat (MTO). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis MTO pada pasien Covid-19 dengan terapi favipiravir di Rumah Sakit Universitas Indonesia tahun 2021. Desain penelitian yang digunakan merupakan penelitian cross sectional. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini merupakan data sekunder yang diambil secara retrospektif dari rekam medis dan Catatan Perkembangan Pasien Terintegrasi (CPPT) pasien. Klasifikasi masalah terkait obat yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini mengacu pada klasifikasi Hepler dan Strand. Analisis dilakukan terhadap 131 pasien Covid-19 yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan adanya masalah terkait obat pada pasien Covid-19 dengan terapi favipiravir di RSUI tahun 2021 sebanyak 92 kejadian dengan persentase interaksi obat sebesar 58,69%, Reaksi Obat Tidak Diinginkan (ROTD) sebesar 22,83%, kegagalan dalam penerimaan obat sebesar 10,87%, dosis subterapi sebesar 6,52%, dosis berlebih sebesar 1,09%, kesalahan pemilihan obat sebesar 0,0%, penggunaan obat tanpa indikasi sebesar 0,0%, dan indikasi yang tidak diobati sebesar 0,0%. Berdasarkan hasil analisis tersebut, dapat disimpulkan pasien Covid-19 dengan terapi favipiravir di Rumah Sakit Universitas Indonesia berpotensi mengalami masalah terkait obat, yang mana MTO yang paling banyak terjadi adalah interaksi obat.......Positive cases of Covid-19 which are increasing rapidly in Indonesia must be improved with good quality of treatment, one of which is by increasing the number of recovered patients. Favipiravir is an antiviral drug that is effective at preventing infection with the Covid-19 virus. In the use and prescribing of favipiravir as an antiviral drug, errors can occur that will cause treatment for Covid-19 patients to be ineffective, one of which is Drug Related Problems (DRP). This study aims to analyze DRP in Covid-19 patients with favipiravir therapy at the University of Indonesia Hospital in 2021. The study design used was a cross-sectional study. The data used in this study are secondary data taken retrospectively from the patient's medical records and Integrated Patient Development Records. The classification of drug-related problems used in this study refers to the Hepler and Strand classification. The analysis was carried out on 131 Covid-19 patients who met the inclusion criteria. The results of the study showed that there were drug-related problems in Covid-19 patients with favipiravir therapy at University of Indonesia Hospital in 2021 as many as 92 incidents with the proportion of events for drug interactions is 58.69%, Adverse Drug Reactions is 22.83%, failure to receive drugs is 10.87%, subtherapeutic dosage is 6.52%, overdosage is 1.09%, improper drug selection is 0,0%, drug use without indication is 0.0%, and untreated indication is 0.0%. Based on the results of this analysis, it is certain that Covid-19 patients with favipiravir therapy at the University of Indonesia Hospital is experiencing drug-related problems, which the most DRP occurs is drug interactions."

"Corona Virus 2019 (COVID-19) ialah penyakit menular yang berkembang sejak bulan Desember 2019 di Wuhan, ibu kota Provinsi Hubei China, sejak itu virus ini menyebar keseluruh dunia dan menjadi global pandemi. Di Indonesia, pada Juli 2021, dikeluarkanlah surat edaran tentang Pelaksanaan Distribusi Obat dengan Persetujuan Darurat untuk penanganan terapi COVID-19 yaitu; Remdesivir, Favipiravir, Oseltamivir, Immunoglobulin, Ivermectin, Tocilizumab, Azithromycin dan Dexamethasone. Pasien yang ingin membeli obat yang mengindikasikan COVID-19 diwajibkan membawa resep dokter. Analisis resep dilakukan sesuai dengan Surat Edaran (SE), meninjau aspek administratif, aspek farmasetik dan aspek klinis. Hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat 11 resep pengobatan COVID-19 pada bulan Juli 2021. Terjadi ketidaklengkapan kajian resep baik secara administrasi, farmasetik, serta aspek klinis. Namun seluruh resep telah memiliki ketepatan indikasi dan dosis.......Corona Virus 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease that developed in December 2019 in Wuhan, the capital of China's Hubei Province, since then this virus has spread throughout the world and has become a global pandemic. In Indonesia, in July 2021, a circular letter regarding the Implementation of Drug Distribution with Emergency Approval was issued for the handling of COVID-19 therapy, namely; Remdesivir, Favipiravir, Oseltamivir, Immunoglobulin, Ivermectin, Tocilizumab, Azithromycin, and Dexamethasone. Patients who want to buy drugs that indicate COVID-19 are required to bring a doctor's prescription. Prescription analysis was carried out by the Circular Letter, reviewing administrative aspects, pharmaceutical aspects, and clinical aspects. The results of this study can be concluded that there were 11 prescriptions for COVID-19 treatment in July 2021. There were incomplete prescription studies both administratively, pharmaceutically, and clinically. However, all prescriptions have accurate indications and dosages.

Vitacimin is a lozenge product containing vitamin C, produced by PT Takeda Indonesia. The high demand for Vitamin C products has continued to surge dramatically since the global entry of the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia in early 2020. With the increasing market demand for Vitacimin, it is also necessary to analyze and optimize the duties and work of employees (packers) in packaging Vitacimin products. This observation is focused on line 3 secondary packaging using machine vision tools that have optical functions, namely object inspection and inspection and pattern recognition. The machine vision tool used is Camera Vision Baumer, which is currently running on a trial period by placing employees who serve as selectors and back up the Camera Vision function. In this study, it can be concluded that the Camera Vision Baumer tool works well and the selector in charge of performing the back up function of the Camera Vision Baumer task can be switched."