Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

Abstrak :
[ABSTRAK
Latar belakang. Individu dewasa di masyarakat menunjukkan perubahan pola makan dan kurang aktivitas sehingga berisiko untuk menderita hiperkolesterolemia dan obesitas. Hiperkolesterolemia dapat diatasi dengan terapi nutrisi. Minyak bekatul mengandung zat aktif yang bekerja secara sinergis dan telah terbukti dari penelitian sebelumnya berperan dalam pengendalian lipid yaitu gamma-oryzanol, fitosterol, dan derivat vitamin E (tokotrienol dan tokoferol). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai perbaikan profil lipid pada pemberian minyak bekatul dengan jumlah yang berbeda tanpa merubah pola makan subyek. Metode. Uji klinis, desain paralel, alokasi acak selama 4 minggu pada laki-laki usia 19-55 tahun, kolesterol total 200-300 mg/dl, dan IMT 20-30 kg/m2. Subyek diambil secara konsekutif dan dibagi menjadi kelompok 45 ml/hari dan kelompok 15 ml/hari minyak bekatul. Sebelum perlakuan dilakukan wawancara data demografi, aktifitas fisik dan pemeriksaan antropometri. Asupan makan dinilai sebelum dan setelah perlakuan. Pemeriksaan laboratorium profil lipid dilakukan sebelum dan setelah perlakuan 4 minggu. Hasil. Dari total 20 subyek (10 subyek kelompok 45 ml/hari dan 10 subyek kelompok 15 ml/hari) didapatkan karakteristik yang setara antara kedua kelompok menurut usia, tingkat pendidikan, status gizi, aktivitas fisik, kebiasaan merokok, riwayat hiperkolesterolemia keluarga, antropometri dan profil lipid. Asupan makanan meliputi asupan energi, karbohidrat, protein, lemak dan serat sebelum perlakuan tidak berbeda bermakna antara kelompok. Asupan lemak setelah perlakuan berbeda bermakna antara kedua kelompok dikarenakan perbedaan pemberian jumlah minyak. Setelah perlakuan selama 4 minggu, didapatkan penurunan kolesterol total secara statistik berbeda bermakna antara kedua kelompok (p=0,049). Pada kelompok 45 ml/hari kadar kolesterol total turun sebanyak 14% dan pada kelompok 15 ml/hari terjadi penurunan kadar kolesterol total 7,8%. Penurunan LDL dan trigliserida serta peningkatan HDL secara statistik tidak berbeda bermakna antara dua kelompok (p >0,05). Pada penelitian ini tidak terjadi perubahan berat badan yang bermakna pada kedua kelompok. Kesimpulan. Konsumsi minyak bekatul 45 ml/hari menyebabkan perbaikan profil lipid yang lebih baik dibandingkan konsumsi minyak bekatul 15 ml.hari.

---

ABSTRACT
Background. Adult individuals in Indonesian society showed changes in diet pattern and lack of physical activity that increasing risk for hypercholesterolemia and obesity. Hypercholesterolemia would be treated with nutritional therapy. Rice bran oil contains active substances (gamma-oryzanol, phytosterols, and derivatives of vitamin E (tocotrienols and tocopherols) that work in synergy and have been proven on previous research controlling lipid profil. This study aimed to assess the lipid profile improvement in intake of rice bran oil with different amounts without changing the eating patterns of the subjects. Methods. It was parallel and randomized clinical trial for 4 weeks in male with 19-55 years of age, total cholesterol level 200-300 mg/dl, and BMI of 20−30 kg/m2. All subjects were recruited consecutively and classified into two groups that received 45 ml/day or 15 ml/day rice bran oil for 4 weeks. The demographic data interviews, physical activity and anthropometric examination were taken before intervention. Food intake were assessed before and after intervention. Laboratory test of lipid profile performed before and after 4 weeks of treatment. Results. A total of 20 subjects consisting of 10 subjects with 45 ml/day rice bran oil and 10 subjects with 15 ml/day had obtained similar characteristics in age, education level, nutritional status, physical activity, smoking, family history of hypercholesterolemia, BMI and lipid profiles. Food intake includes intake of energy, carbohydrate, protein, fat and fiber before treatment did not significantly difference between two groups. Fat intake after treatment was significantly different between the two groups due to differences in the amount of oil. After 4 weeks treatment, there was a decrease in total cholesterol significantly different between the two groups (p = 0,049). In the group that received 45 ml/ day of rice bran oil total cholesterol level decreased 14% and in the group of 15 ml/day total cholesterol level decreased 7,8%. The reduction of LDL and triglycerides and the increasing of HDL was not significantly different between the two groups (p >0,05). In this study, no changes in body weight were significant in both groups. Conclusion. Rice bran oil consumption 45 ml/day led to improvements in lipid profiles better than consumption 15 ml/day;Background. Adult individuals in Indonesian society showed changes in diet pattern and lack of physical activity that increasing risk for hypercholesterolemia and obesity. Hypercholesterolemia would be treated with nutritional therapy. Rice bran oil contains active substances (gamma-oryzanol, phytosterols, and derivatives of vitamin E (tocotrienols and tocopherols) that work in synergy and have been proven on previous research controlling lipid profil. This study aimed to assess the lipid profile improvement in intake of rice bran oil with different amounts without changing the eating patterns of the subjects. Methods. It was parallel and randomized clinical trial for 4 weeks in male with 19-55 years of age, total cholesterol level 200-300 mg/dl, and BMI of 20−30 kg/m2. All subjects were recruited consecutively and classified into two groups that received 45 ml/day or 15 ml/day rice bran oil for 4 weeks. The demographic data interviews, physical activity and anthropometric examination were taken before intervention. Food intake were assessed before and after intervention. Laboratory test of lipid profile performed before and after 4 weeks of treatment. Results. A total of 20 subjects consisting of 10 subjects with 45 ml/day rice bran oil and 10 subjects with 15 ml/day had obtained similar characteristics in age, education level, nutritional status, physical activity, smoking, family history of hypercholesterolemia, BMI and lipid profiles. Food intake includes intake of energy, carbohydrate, protein, fat and fiber before treatment did not significantly difference between two groups. Fat intake after treatment was significantly different between the two groups due to differences in the amount of oil. After 4 weeks treatment, there was a decrease in total cholesterol significantly different between the two groups (p = 0,049). In the group that received 45 ml/ day of rice bran oil total cholesterol level decreased 14% and in the group of 15 ml/day total cholesterol level decreased 7,8%. The reduction of LDL and triglycerides and the increasing of HDL was not significantly different between the two groups (p >0,05). In this study, no changes in body weight were significant in both groups. Conclusion. Rice bran oil consumption 45 ml/day led to improvements in lipid profiles better than consumption 15 ml/day, Background. Adult individuals in Indonesian society showed changes in diet pattern and lack of physical activity that increasing risk for hypercholesterolemia and obesity. Hypercholesterolemia would be treated with nutritional therapy. Rice bran oil contains active substances (gamma-oryzanol, phytosterols, and derivatives of vitamin E (tocotrienols and tocopherols) that work in synergy and have been proven on previous research controlling lipid profil. This study aimed to assess the lipid profile improvement in intake of rice bran oil with different amounts without changing the eating patterns of the subjects. Methods. It was parallel and randomized clinical trial for 4 weeks in male with 19-55 years of age, total cholesterol level 200-300 mg/dl, and BMI of 20−30 kg/m2. All subjects were recruited consecutively and classified into two groups that received 45 ml/day or 15 ml/day rice bran oil for 4 weeks. The demographic data interviews, physical activity and anthropometric examination were taken before intervention. Food intake were assessed before and after intervention. Laboratory test of lipid profile performed before and after 4 weeks of treatment. Results. A total of 20 subjects consisting of 10 subjects with 45 ml/day rice bran oil and 10 subjects with 15 ml/day had obtained similar characteristics in age, education level, nutritional status, physical activity, smoking, family history of hypercholesterolemia, BMI and lipid profiles. Food intake includes intake of energy, carbohydrate, protein, fat and fiber before treatment did not significantly difference between two groups. Fat intake after treatment was significantly different between the two groups due to differences in the amount of oil. After 4 weeks treatment, there was a decrease in total cholesterol significantly different between the two groups (p = 0,049). In the group that received 45 ml/ day of rice bran oil total cholesterol level decreased 14% and in the group of 15 ml/day total cholesterol level decreased 7,8%. The reduction of LDL and triglycerides and the increasing of HDL was not significantly different between the two groups (p >0,05). In this study, no changes in body weight were significant in both groups. Conclusion. Rice bran oil consumption 45 ml/day led to improvements in lipid profiles better than consumption 15 ml/day]

Abstrak :
Fitosterol merupakan salah satu senyawa aktif yang dapat menurunkan kadar kolesterol. Sumber fitosterol yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berasal dari bahan alami yaitu daun keji beling (Strobilanthes crispus). Metode ekstraksi yang digunakan adalah menggunakan bantuan gelombang mikro dengan alat Microwave Assisted Extraction (MAE), dengan pelarut n-heksana teknis. Waktu ekstraksi tertinggi adalah 15 menit dengan % fitrat ekstrak sebesar 33,92 %. Proses selanjutnya adalah pemurnian atau isolasi fitosterol dengan metode kolom kromatografi dengan beberapa trial pelarut. Pemurnian atau isolasi fitosterol yang terbaik yaitu dengan menggunakan eluen pelarut kloroform teknis : etanol 96% dengan perbandingan volume (9:1). Selanjutnya diidentifikasi secara semikuantitatif dengan menggunakan LC/MS. LC/MS mengidentifikasi fitosterol berdasarkan berat molekunya (BM). Langkah terakhir adalah uji in vitro fitosterol dari hasil crude extract, dimana fitosterol mampu menurunkan kadar kolesterol paling tinggi dengan massa 0,3 mg. ......Phytosterol is one of active compound that can down cholesterol rate. Phytosterol source that is utilized in this research is material natural which is keji beling leaves (Strobilanthes crispus). Extraction method is used microwave help with tool Microwave Assisted Extraction (MAE), with normal hexane solvent. The higest extraction time is 15 minute with % fitrate extracts is 33,92 %. The next step is purification or isolation of phytosterol by chromatography column with trial solvent. Phytosterol’s purification or isolation the best one which is by use of eluen technical chloroform dissolving : ethanol 96% by volume compares (9:1). The identified semi quantitative by use of LC/MS. LC/MS identifies phytosterol bases molekunya's weight (BM). Last stage is test in vitro phytosterol of result crude extract, where can phytosterol down highest cholesterol rate with mass 0,3 mg phytosterol.

Abstrak :
Efek samping yang ditimbulkan oleh obat - obatan sintetis untuk penderita hiperkolesterol saat ini membuat berkembangnya pengobatan alternatif dengan menggunakan tanaman herbal. Keji beling (Strobilanthes cripa) merupakan salah satu herbal yang berpotensi sebagai bahan obat penurun kolesterol karena mengandung senyawa golongan fitosterol. Upaya untuk mengoptimalkan efisiensi penyerapan ekstrak daun keji beling dalam tubuh adalah dengan cara penyalutan (enkapsulasi) dan menjadikannya ukuran nanopartikel dengan ultrasonikator. Ekstraksi dilakukan dengan alat MAE (Microwave Assisted Extraction) selama 15 menit dan suhu 75oC. Pelarut etanol 70% (pharmacy grade) digunakan untuk menjamin keamanan klinis. Hasil randemen ekstraksi dengan etanol 70% yaitu sebesar 21,25%. Uji kualitatif kandungan fitosterol dalam ekstrak dengan reagen LB menghasilkan perubahan warna menjadi hijau kebiruan sedangkan uji dengan metode KLT menghasilkan Rf 0,85. Sedangkan uji kualitatif flavonoid dengan metode wilstater menghasilkan warna merah pada ekstrak. Pembuatan nanopartikel ekstrak daun keji beling meliputi variasi konsentrasi kitosan dan natrium tripolifosfat (STPP). Penentuan hasil terbaik dilakukan dengan menganalisis hasil efisiensi penyalutan, loading capacity, morfologi dan ukuran nanopartikel (dengan FE-SEM) serta aktivitas penurunan kolesterol. Komposisi kitosan dan STPP yang terbaik dalam pembuatan nanopartikel adalah 1% : 1,5% (b/v). Hasil efisiensi penyalutan yang didapatkan sebesar 90,49% fitosterol dan 90,51% untuk flavonoid. Beberapa senyawa golongan flavonoid yang terdapat dalam ekstrak kasar daun keji beling dan memiliki aktivitas penurunan kolesterol yang bersinergi dengan fitosterol seperti catechin dan kuersetin. Loading capacity yang dihasilkan sebesar 24,57% dan diameter sekitar 94,16 - 175,7 nm dengan morfologi permukan yang halus, cembung namun tidak bulat. Analisa FTIR yang telah dilakukan menunjukkan berhasilnya terbentuk nanopartikel kitosan-STPP karena terdapat gugus P=O (crosslink kitosan-TPP). Penyalutan senyawa aktif juga berhasil dilakukan dengan melihat bertambahnya gugus fungsi pada spektrum nanopartikel kitosan terisi. Pengujian penurunan kolesterol secara in-vitro dengan metode Rudel dan Morris (1973) menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan ekstrak murni 0,3 mg mampu menurunkan kolesterol sebesar 46,3% sedangkan ekstrak dalam ukuran nano sebesar 78,21%. Hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa ukuran nano dapat mengurangi dosis pemakaian obat karena memiliki kemampuan penurunan kolesterol yang lebih baik. ...... Side effects caused by synthetic drugs for hypercholesterolemia’s patients are currently making the development of alternative medicine using herbs. Keji beling (Strobilanthes cripa) leaf is one of the herbs that have the potential as a cholesterol-lowering drug because it has phytosterols compound on it. Efforts to optimize the efficiency of absorption of Keji Beling leaf extract in the body is by coating (encapsulation) and make it to be nanoparticle size by ultrasonicator. Extraction process used Microwave Assisted Extraction (MAE) instrument for 15 minutes and the temperature of 75oC. Extraction rendement’s result with ethanol 70% was 21,25%. The results are larger than the solvent n-hexane technical. Qualitative assay of phytosterol content in the extract with LB reagent changed the colour of extract (green-brown) to be blue-green while Rf phytosterol identification with TLC method was 0,85. Qualitative assay of flavonoid using wilstater method produced red color in the extract. Preparation of extract nanoparticles included variations in the concentration of chitosan and sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP). Determination of the best results by analyzing the results of the encapsulation efficiency, loading capacity, morphology and size of nanoparticles (with FE-SEM instrument), and cholesterol-lowering activity. The best ratio composition of chitosan and STPP in this research was 1% : 1,5% (w/v). Encapsulation efficiency result of the best composition was 90,49% for phytosterol and 90,51% for flavonoid. Some flavonoid compounds contained in the crude extract of the Keji Beling leaves have cholesterol-lowering activity in synergy with phytosterols such as catechin and quercetin. Loading capacity in this encapsulation process was 24.57%. Diameter nanoparticle had a range between 94.16 to 175.7 nm with a smooth surface morphology, convex but not round. FTIR analysis that has been done showing the success of the crosslinking between chitosan – STPP to make nanoparticle form because there was a group P=O. Active compound encapsulation also successfully carried out by seeing an increasing spectrum of functional groups on the chitosan nanoparticles loaded. In vitro assay for decreasing cholesterol concentration by Rudel and Morris method (1973) showed that %decreasing cholesterol of 0,3 mg crude extract was 46,03%, while the extract in nano-sized was 78,21%. These result indicate that the nanoparticle can reduce the dose of the drug because it has the ability to decrease cholesterol better.