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Talitha Marie Imomirara
"Adanya kemajuan dari segi teknologi di dunia pelayaran mendorong kebutuhan akan suatu instrumen hukum yang mengatur registrasi kapal sebab. Bagi negara bendera terdapat terdapat hak bagi negara untuk menetapkan syarat pemberian benderanya. Dari hak tersebut, lahirlah rezim-rezim pendaftaran kapal. Salah satu dari pendaftaran tersebut adalah pendaftaran terbuka. Pada pendaftaran terbuka dikenal praktik flag of convenience di mana suatu kapal dapat dimiliki oleh pihak asing secara semu. Karena kepemilikan ini, terdapat permasalahan dalam implementasi kontrol efektif oleh negara bendera dalam hal teknis, administratif, dan sosial sebagaimana dimuat di dalam UNCLOS. Selain itu, pada kapal berbendera flag of convenience, terdapat kekaburan pertanggungjawaban dalam hal terjadi kecelakan di laut. Penelitian ini ditulis dengan menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dan tipologi yang bersifat deskriptif analitis. Melalui penelitian ini, penulis menemukan bahwa masih terdapat permasalahan implementasi kewajiban hukum internasional ke dalam hukum nasional Panama dan Liberia sebagai negara-negara yang mempraktikkan flag of convenience, berbeda dengan Indonesia yang cenderung lengkap dalam mengadopsi ketentuan hukum internasional ke dalam hukum nasionalnya. Ditemukan pula dalam kasus-kasus kecelakaan kapal di mana pertanggungjawaban yang seharusnya dibebankan kepada pemilik kapal menjadi sulit ditentukan karena kepemilikan kapal berbendera flag of convenience. Saran dari penulis adalah perlunya peningkatan kontrol efektif oleh negara bendera yang memiliki kapal-kapal berbendera FoC melalui instrumen hukum nasional dan penghidupan kembali konsep genuine link antara kapal dengan pemilik kapal sebagaimana dirumuskan di dalam UNCLOS.
......The technological advancement in the shipping world encourages the need for a legal instrument that regulates ship registration because. For flag states, there is a right for the state to determine the conditions for granting its flag. From this right, ship registration regimes were born. One of these registrations is open registration. Open registration is known as the practice of flag of convenience in which a ship can be quasi-owned by a foreign party. Because of this ownership, there are problems in implementing effective controls by the flag state in technical, administrative and social matters as contained in UNCLOS. In addition, on ships with the flag of convenience, there is a vagueness of responsibility in the event of an accident at sea. This research was written using normative juridical and typological methods that are descriptive analytical. Through this study, the authors find that there are still problems implementing international legal obligations into the national law of Panama and Liberia as countries that practice the flag of convenience, in contrast to Indonesia which tends to be complete in adopting international legal provisions into its national law. It was also found in cases of ship accidents where the responsibility that should be borne by the ship owner becomes difficult to determine because the ownership of the ship has a flag of convenience. Suggestions from the author are the need to increase effective control by flag states that own ships with the FoC flag through national legal instruments and revitalize the concept of genuine link between ships and ship owners as formulated in UNCLOS."
Depok: Fakultas Hukum Universitas Indonesia, 2022
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UI - Skripsi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Siti Noor Malia Putri
"ABSTRAK
Illegal, Unregulated and Unreported (IUU) fishing activities have been widely known as a threat to marine living resources. The International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS) has adopted its advisory opinion on the responsibility and the possible liability of the flag States who committed IUU fishing activities in an area under the jurisdiction of the Sub-Regional Fisheries Commission (SRFC). Other than the Opinion, many international scholars and legal instruments have arisen the same concern, however, the primary source on the Law of the Sea, the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) is silent in this matter. The issue is very relevant with the current case that encountered by the Indonesian Government with regard to the Chinese-flagged fishing boat, namely Kway Fey 10078, that had been suspected to conduct IUU fishing activities in the Indonesian exclusive economic zone (EEZ). In this particular case, the Chinese coast guard ship assisted the Kway Fey to escape from Indonesian jurisdiction by ramming into Kway Fey 10078. In consequence, the Indonesian Government cannot enforce its jurisdiction upon Kway Fey and the Chinese Government requested Indonesia to release eight Chinese nationals who are detained. This reaction shall question on how international provide legal solutions on how to effectively deal with IUU fishing activities.
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Depok: University of Indonesia, Faculty of Law, 2018
340 UI-ILR 8:2 (2018)
Artikel Jurnal  Universitas Indonesia Library