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Abstrak :
Di Indonesia, salah satu komponen penting dari jaring pengaman sosial untuk mengurangi kerawanan pangan adalah Program Sembako, yang sebelumnya dikenal sebagai Bantuan Pangan Non-Tunai (BPNT). Manfaat Program Sembako sama di seluruh Indonesia; namun, karena adanya perbedaan harga pangan dan pola konsumsi di tingkat regional, nilai riil - atau daya beli-dari manfaat Program Sembako bisa sangat bervariasi di seluruh Indonesia. Dalam studi ini, kami mengestimasi variasi daya beli Program Sembako di berbagai wilayah di Indonesia untuk menguji dampak Program Sembako terhadap kerawanan pangan. Kami menggunakan metode fixed-effect untuk mengestimasi hubungan antara daya beli lokal Program Sembako dan kerawanan pangan. Penelitian kami menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan daya beli peserta Program Sembako dapat menurunkan prevalensi kerawanan pangan, terutama di wilayah timur Indonesia. ......In Indonesia, one of the essential components of the country's social safety net to reduce food insecurity is the Sembako Program, which was formerly known as non-cash food assistance (BPNT). The benefits of the Sembako Program are the same all over Indonesia; Nevertheless, because the disparities in regional food costs and consumption patterns, the purchasing power or the real value of Sembako Program benefits might vary greatly across the nation. In this study, we estimate the variation in Sembako Program purchasing power across regencies/municipalities in Indonesia to examine the effects of the Sembako Program on food insecurity. We use a fixed effects framework to estimate the relationship between the local purchasing power of the Sembako Program and food insecurity. Our research shows that increasing the purchasing power of participants in the Sembako Program leads to a reduction in the prevalence of food insecurity, particularly in the eastern region.

Abstrak :
Sektor pertanian merupakan penyangga utama pasokan pangan dan penyumbang serapan tenaga kerja terbanyak di Indonesia. Namun, rendahnya tingkat pendapatan serta tingginya kemiskinan di rumah tangga petani menimbulkan pertanyaan terkait ketahanan pangan di wilayah mayoritas penduduknya berkerja sektor pertanian. Penelitian ini mengkaji hubungan itu dengan menggunakan indikator persentase tenaga kerja sektor pertanian per total pekerja dan skor Indeks Ketahanan Pangan (IKP) di 416 kabupaten di Indonesia. Data dikumpulkan dari Badan Pusat Statistik dan Badan Pangan Nasional selama periode 2020 s.d. 2022. Melalui estimasi Generalized Least Square (GLS) ditemukan korelasi negatif yang signifikan antara jumlah petani dengan ketahanan pangan. Setiap peningkatan persentase jumlah petani sebesar 1% akan diiringi dengan penurunan skor IKP sebesar 0,107 poin dalam kondisi ceteris paribus. Secara singkat, kabupaten dengan persentase jumlah petani dan rumah tangga petani miskin yang lebih banyak, upah/gaji petani lebih tinggi dan produksi beras sedikit, memiliki ketahanan pangan yang lebih rendah. Sebaliknya, kabupaten dengan PDRB tinggi, banyak penduduk, pengeluaran konsumsi beras tinggi dan biaya konsumsi daging rendah, serta banyak penduduk miskin yang mendapatkan Bantuan Pangan Non Tunai (BPNT) akan memiliki ketahanan pangan yang lebih tinggi. Terkait itu, maka upaya penanggulangan kemiskinan di kabupaten-kabupaten yang tenaga kerjanya mayoritas berasal dari sektor pertanian perlu terus dimasifkan guna meningkatkan ketahanan pangan. ......The agricultural sector is the main support for food supply and the largest contributor to labor absorption in Indonesia. However, low-income levels and high levels of poverty among farming households raise concerns regarding food security in areas where most of the population earns their livelihood from the agricultural sector. This research aims to examine the relationship between the percentage of agricultural sector workers per total worker and the Food Security Index (IKP) score in 416 districts in Indonesia. The data were collected from the Central Statistics Agency and the National Food Agency for the period of 2020 to 2022. Through Generalized Least Square (GLS) estimation, a significant negative correlation was found between the percentage of farmers and the IKP score. Every percentage increase in the number of farmers by 1% will be accompanied by a decrease in the IKP score of 0.107 points under ceteris paribus conditions. In short, the research results show that districts with a greater percentage of farmers and poor people from the agricultural sector, higher wages for agricultural labor and less rice production, will have lower level of food security. On the other hand, districts with high GRDP, large populations, higher rice consumption costs, lower meat consumption costs, and many poor people targeted by the Non-Cash Food Assistance program will have a higher level of food security. In relation to this matter, poverty reduction measures in districts where most of the workforce comes from the agricultural sector need to be accelerated to increase food security.