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Abstrak :
[ABSTRAK
Meningkatnya insiden patah tulang di Indonesia dari tahun ke tahun memerlukan pemecahan dari masalah terbatasnya sumber tulang pengganti sementara dengan kriteria sesuai. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini berfokus pada optimasi sifat-sifat material untuk aplikasi scaffold. Komposit PVA/kitosan-hidroksiapatit (HA) telah berhasil dibuat dengan metode kimiawi basah yang dilanjutkan proses freeze-thawing dan freeze-drying. Variabel yang digunakan adalah kadar hidroksiapatit sebesar 0, 25, 40 dan 50% (b/v). Karakterisasi yang dilakukan adalah spektroskopi Fourier transform infra red (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), uji tekan, dan swelling behavior. Hasil karakterisasi menunjukkan penambahan hidroksiapatit menghasilkan morfologi berpori dengan ukuran rata-rata 42,39 µm untuk variabel 50% HA, dan meningkatkan modulus tekan dari 14 MPa untuk sampel tanpa HA menjadi 143, 191, dan 187 MPa untuk sampel dengan penambahan HA sebesar 25, 40 dan 50% (b/v). Selain itu penambahan hidroksiapatit juga mengurangi derajat pembengkakan dari 296% untuk sampel tanpa HA menjadi 85, 78, dan 59% untuk sampel dengan penambahan HA sebesar 25, 40 dan 50% (b/v), masing-masing. Hasil ini menunjukkan PVA/kitosan-HA memiliki sifat-sifat potensial untuk digunakan sebagai scaffold dalam rekayasa jaringan tulang. ABSTRACT
The increasing number of bone fracture incident in Indonesia from year to year needs the problem solving of the limited bone substitute which meet all the criteria. Therefore, this study is focusing in optimization of material?s properties used as scaffold. Composite of PVA/chitosan-hydroxyapatite (HA) was successfully made by wet chemically method which followed by freeze thawing and freeze drying. The variable used in this study is the percentage of hydroxyapatite with 0, 25, 40, and 50% (wt/v). The samples were characterized by using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope (SEM), compressive test, and swelling behavior. The results showed that addition of hydroxyapatite has yielded porous structure with average pore size of 42,39 µm (50% HA) and increased in compressive modulus from 14 MPa for 0% HA to 143, 191, and 187 MPa for samples with addition of HA with amount of 25, 40, 50% (wt/v). Besides, addition of HA also reduced the swelling ratio from 296% for sample without HA to 85, 78, and 59% for sample with addition of HA with the following amount: 25, 40, and 50% (wt/v), respectively. This results show that PVA/chitosan-HA in the current study is potential to be used as scaffold in bone tissue engineering. ;The increasing number of bone fracture incident in Indonesia from year to year needs the problem solving of the limited bone substitute which meet all the criteria. Therefore, this study is focusing in optimization of material?s properties used as scaffold. Composite of PVA/chitosan-hydroxyapatite (HA) was successfully made by wet chemically method which followed by freeze thawing and freeze drying. The variable used in this study is the percentage of hydroxyapatite with 0, 25, 40, and 50% (wt/v). The samples were characterized by using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope (SEM), compressive test, and swelling behavior. The results showed that addition of hydroxyapatite has yielded porous structure with average pore size of 42,39 µm (50% HA) and increased in compressive modulus from 14 MPa for 0% HA to 143, 191, and 187 MPa for samples with addition of HA with amount of 25, 40, 50% (wt/v). Besides, addition of HA also reduced the swelling ratio from 296% for sample without HA to 85, 78, and 59% for sample with addition of HA with the following amount: 25, 40, and 50% (wt/v), respectively. This results show that PVA/chitosan-HA in the current study is potential to be used as scaffold in bone tissue engineering. , The increasing number of bone fracture incident in Indonesia from year to year needs the problem solving of the limited bone substitute which meet all the criteria. Therefore, this study is focusing in optimization of material’s properties used as scaffold. Composite of PVA/chitosan-hydroxyapatite (HA) was successfully made by wet chemically method which followed by freeze thawing and freeze drying. The variable used in this study is the percentage of hydroxyapatite with 0, 25, 40, and 50% (wt/v). The samples were characterized by using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope (SEM), compressive test, and swelling behavior. The results showed that addition of hydroxyapatite has yielded porous structure with average pore size of 42,39 µm (50% HA) and increased in compressive modulus from 14 MPa for 0% HA to 143, 191, and 187 MPa for samples with addition of HA with amount of 25, 40, 50% (wt/v). Besides, addition of HA also reduced the swelling ratio from 296% for sample without HA to 85, 78, and 59% for sample with addition of HA with the following amount: 25, 40, and 50% (wt/v), respectively. This results show that PVA/chitosan-HA in the current study is potential to be used as scaffold in bone tissue engineering. ]

Abstrak :
Kanker ovarium merupakan tumor ganas dan mematikan yang mengancam wanita dengan morbiditas dan mortalitas yang tinggi. Terapi kanker ovarium saat ini belum optimal. Platform in vitro untuk uji coba obat anti-kanker ovarium diperlukan. Perancah kanker ovarium merupakan wadah atau alat yang menyediakan lingkungan mikro kanker ovarium untuk pengujian obat anti kanker. Pembuatan perancah dilakukan dengan kombinasi siklus freeze-thawing (-800C dan 370C), larutan NaOH 0,4 N dan orbital shaker. Kelompok penelitian terdiri dari set 1, set 2 dan set 3. Kelompok kontrol yang digunakan merupakan jaringan primer ovarium pasien kanker ovarium non- deselularisasi. Set 1 pembuatan perancah dengan 1x siklus freeze-thawing, set 2 dengan 2x siklus, dan set 3 dengan 3x siklus. Pengulangan tiga kali dilakukan pada masing- masing kelompok. Kelompok perancah dengan 3x siklus freeze-thawing memiliki konsentrasi DNA terendah, struktur matriks ekstraseluler yang utuh dengan sedikit kerusakan, topografi tanpa sel dan komponen matriks ektraseluler (kolagen, biglikan dan fibronektin) dipertahankan dengan baik dengan adanya penurunan yang tidak berbeda signifikan terhadap kontrol. Selain itu, perancah kanker ovarium yang dihasilkan memiliki toksisitas rendah terhadap SKOV-3. Teknik deselularisasi dengan tiga kali siklus freeze-thawing (-800C dan 370C), penggunaan NaOH 0,4 N dan orbital shaker merupakan metode deselularisasi efisien untuk pembuatan perancah kanker ovarium. ......Ovarian cancer is malignant and deadliest tumour that threatens women with high morbidity and mortality. Ovarian cancer therapy is currently not optimal. Platform in vitro for anti- ovarian cancer drugs testing is required. Ovarian cancer scaffold is a platform or tool that provides microenvironment of ovarian cancer for anti-cancer drugs testing. The manufacture of scaffold was carried out by combination of freeze- thawing cycles (-800C dan 370C), NaOH 0.4 N and orbital shaker. The research group consisted of set 1, set 2 and set 3. Control group used was ovarian primary tissue of ovarian cancer patients non- decellularized. Set 1 manufactured with 1x freeze-thawing cycle, set 2 with 2x cycles, and set 3 with 3x cycles. Three repetitions were performed on each group. Scaffold group with 3x freeze-thawing cycles has lowest DNA concentration, an intact extracellular matrix structure with little damage, topography of cells absence and extracellular matrix components (collagen, biglycan and fibronectin) are well preserved with significantly no different of decrease compare to control. In addition, the scaffold has low toxicity to SKOV-3. Decellularization technique with 3x freeze-thawing cycles (-800C dan 370C), NaOH 0.4 N and orbital shaker is an efficient decellularization method for the manufacture scaffold of ovarian cancer.

Abstrak :
Fikosianin merupakan salah satu senyawa pigment yang dapat diperoleh dari mikroalga Spirulina platensis. Senyawa tersebut telah banyak dimanfaatkan sebagai pewarna makanan, pewarna kosmetik dan juga reagen fluoresens untuk diagnosa klinis. Selain itu fikosianin memiliki potensi dalam bidang kesehatan karena memiliki sifat antioksidan dan anti inflamasi. Namun aplikasi dari fikosianin di berbagai bidang terhalang oleh proses ekstraksi yang cukup sulit. Maka dari itu dibutuhkan metode ekstraksi yang optimum untuk memperoleh fikosianin. Penelitian ini mempelajari metode ekstraksi fikosianin dengan menggunakan metode sonikasi dan juga freeze thawing serta variasi pelarut dengan buffer sodium fosfat dan natrium klorida, variasi rasio biomassa pelarut, dan juga variasi waktu ekstraksi sonikasi. Parameter yang digunakan dalam ekstraksi ini adalah yield fikosianin YPC dan kemurnian fikosianin. Penggunaan buffer fosfat menghasilkan YPC sebesar 35,69 mg/g dengan kemurnian 2,2, dan penggunaan pelarut CaCl2 menghasilkan YPC sebesar 27,7 mg/g dengan kemurnian 2,53. YPC optimum pada pelarut CaCl2 diperoleh pada rasio biomassa pelarut 1:200 dengan hasil YPC sebesar 34,83 mg/g, dan peningkatan waktu sonikasi dari 30 menit ke 60 menit menghasilkan kenaikan YPC sebesar 9% pada biomassa 0,05 gram, dan 4,6% pada variasi biomassa 0,1 gram. ......Phycocyanin is a pigment compound that can be found from Spirulina platensis microalgae. It has been used for food colorant, cosmetic dye and fluorescence reagent for clinical diagnosis. Furthermore, phycocyanin has the potential in healthcare because of its anti inflammatory and antioxidant properties. However, its application in various fields is hindered by its difficult extraction process. The optimum extraction method are needed to overcome that problem. This research will study the method of phycocyanin extraction using sonication method and freeze thawing method, also with the variation of solvent using sodium phosphate buffer and calcium chloride, variation of biomass solvent ratio, and also variation of sonication duration. Parameters that will be observed in this extraction are phycocyanin yield YPC and phycocyanin purity. The usage of phosphate buffer solvent obtains YPC of 35,69 mg/g with 2,2 of purity, and the usage of CaCl2 solvent obtains YPC of 27,7 mg/g with 2,53 of purity. The optimum YPC on CaCl2 solvent obtained at 1:200 ratio, with the YPC of 34,83 mg/g, and the increase of the duration of sonication from 30 minutes to 60 minutes generate the increase of YPC of 9% in biomass variation of 0,05 gram, and 4,6% in biomass variation of 0,1 gram.