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""With contributions from leading scholars in constitutional law, this volume examines how carefully designed and limited doctrines of proportionality can improve judicial decision-making, how it is applied in different jurisdictions, its role on constitutionalism outside the courts, and whether the principle of proportionality actually advances or detracts from democracy. Contributions from some of the seminal thinkers on the development of scholarship on proportionality (e.g. Alexy, Barak, and Beatty) extend their prior work and engage in an important dialogue on the topic. Some offer substantial critiques, others defend the doctrine and offer important clarifications and extensions of their prior work. Throughout, the authors engage not only with case law from around the world but also with existing scholarly treatments of the subject. Mathematical treatments are avoided, making the book accessible to readers from both 'soft' and hard' social science backgrounds"--"With contributions from leading scholars in constitutional law, this volume examines how carefully designed and limited doctrines of proportionality can improve judicial decision-making, how it is applied in different jurisdictions, its role on constitutionalism outside of courts and whether the principle of proportionality actually advances or detracts from democracy. Contributions from some of the seminal thinkers on the development of scholarship on proportionality (e.g. Alexy, Barak and Beatty) extend their prior work and engage in an important dialogue on the topic. Some offer substantial critiques, others defend the doctrine and offer important clarifications and extensions of their prior work. Throughout, the authors engage not only with case law from around the world, but also with existing scholarly treatments of the subject. Mathematical treatments are avoided, making the book accessible to readers from both 'soft' and hard' social science backgrounds"--"

"Pandemi COVID-19 dan krisis kesehatan publik yang dihasilkannya telah menarik perhatian antropologi mengenai isu kepedulian. Tren ini telah memperlihatkan keragaman praktik kepedulian yang dilakukan berbagai komunitas lokal di berbagai belahan dunia. Walaupun begitu, peran nilai yang mendasari praktik kepedulian ini masih kurang diperhatikan. Berdasarkan pengalaman etnografi saya, tesis ini ingin menganalisis politik nilai yang mendasari praktik kepedulian di daerah Malinau, Kalimantan Utara selama pandemi COVID-19. Konsepsi Malinau sebagai daerah “perbatasan” dipenuhi dengan ketidakpastian material dan sosial, dan kepastian ini telah melahirkan praktik kepedulian yang penuh kontradiksi. Tenaga kesehatan dan komunitas lokal terpaksa menghadapi pandemi dengan keterbatasan infrastruktur dan logistik, beban birokrasi, dan juga pengabaian negara. Oleh karena itu, praktek kepedulian yang mereka lakukan dikontekstualisasikan oleh kondisi ini, dan banyak dilemma moral yang muncul dari praktik kepedulian tersebut. Tesis ini menganalisis politik nilai yang mendasari praktik kepedulian kontradiktif tersebut. Di satu sisi, praktik kepedulian warga Malinau mengutamakan pentingnya etika menyelamatkan semua nyawa melalui kasih sayang dan solidaritas. Di sisi lain, etika tersebut berlawanan dengan praktik kepedulian rasional yang mengkondisikan tenaga kesehatan untuk melakukan evaluasi terhadap nyawa manusia. Maka dari itu, tesis ini melihat bahwa praktik kepedulian yang mengikuti protokol negara menilai kesehatan sebagai alat untuk reproduksi buruh, sementara praktik lokal menilai kesehatan sebagai aspek penting dalam kehidupan sosial mereka.

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The viral outbreak and subsequent healthcare crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic has once again turned the eyes of anthropologists alike on caring. This recent trend has revealed the enormous diversity of caring practices among local communities all over the world. Despite this resurgence, there has been little attention given to the role of values that underlie these caring practices. Based on my ethnographic experience, this thesis aims to fill the void by analysing the politics of value behind caring practices in the region of Malinau, North Kalimantan during the COVID-19 pandemic. Fraught with material and social uncertainty, the conception of the spatial “frontiers” in Malinau have given rise to caring practices full of contradictions. Healthcare workers and local communities alike navigate through the pandemic by facing logistical and infrastructural inadequacy, bureaucratic burdens, and general disregard from the state. As such, they created caring practices based on these conditions, and moral dilemmas emerge from these practices. This thesis analyses the politics of value underlying these contradictory caring practices, where the ethical importance of saving all lives through compassion and solidarity is contested with the evaluation of certain human lives dominated by rationality. As a result, this thesis argues that caring practices based on state protocols value health as ultimately a tool only for the reproduction of labour, while local practices value health as part of their incorporation into social life."

"Kebijakan Direktif Television Without Frontiers merupakan fondasi kebijakan audiovisual Komunitas Eropa, terkait skema subsidi, distribusi produk, dan perlindungan terhadap anak di bawah umur. Globalisasi telah mengubah arah dan visi kebijakan sektoral. Sisi lain, dinamika politik dan budaya muncul pada tingkat Negara Nasional, terkait tahap implementasi kebijakan tersebut. Upaya perlindungan terhadap sektor pertelevisian kemudian dilakukan oleh pemerintah Prancis, dengan mengatur tatapenyiaran dan kuota acara televisi. Hal ini merepresentasikan peran Negara dalam perlindungan konten kultural terhadap kebijakan pada tingkat supranasional. Sebagai hasilnya, konsep ruang publik dalam pertelevisian berubah, terkait fungsinya dalam konteks globalisasi dan sebagai salah satu pilihan kebijakan Komunitas Eropa yang berdimensi sistem ekonomi neoliberalisme.

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Television Without Frontiers Directive is a cornerstone of the European Community audiovisual policy, related to the subsidy schemes, the European product distribution, the advertising and the protection of minors. Globalization and the development of satellite had altered the direction and vision of the European Community sectoral policies. Inversely, political and cultural dynamics occurred at the National level, related to the implementation of the Directive. Efforts to protect television sector were carried out by the French government by setting up rules of broadcasting. It represents the government's role in the protection of cultural content or cultural exception vis à vis policy imposed by the European Community. As a result, the concept of public space in European television had shifted, related to its functions in the context of globalization and as policy choices of a neoliberalism dimension."