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"This study estimates the specification of aggregate production for Indonesia using the constant elasticity of subtitution (CES) production function. The data used in the is an annual data from 1976-2004. By linearized the CES production function, the general last square methods of regression (Wirh the Cochrane-Orcutt Interation Procedure) shows that the elasticity of subtitution between labor and capital is un-perfect which means that the elasticity of subtitution between labor and capital is un-perfect subtitution.This finding is relevant with the cobb-douglas production function as a special case of un-perfect subtitution production function"

"ABSTRAKStudi ini mengkaji tentang pertumbuhan produktivitas industri pengolahanhasil perikanan yang dipengaruhi oleh lokasi industri, aglomerasi dan permintaan.Analisis stocastic frontier time invariant digunakan untuk mengestimasi fungsiproduksi frontier, dan kemudian dilakukan dekomposisi untuk memperoleh nilaipertumbuhan produktivitas. Pertumbuhan produktivitas terdiri atas tiga komponendasar yaitu kemajuan teknologi, perubahan efisiensi teknis serta perubahan skalaekonomi. Kami menemukan bahwa tingkat efisiensi dan produktivitas industripengolahan hasil perikanan masih tergolong rendah.Model panel data digunakan untuk menganalisis pengaruh lokasi industridan permintaan terhadap pertumbuhan produktivitas, dengan 468 data sampelperusahaan. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa jarak lokasi perusahaan ke pelabuhanperikanan berpengaruh negatif terhadap pertumbuhan produktivitas. Manfaatekonomi lebih dirasakan karena terkonsentrasinya perusahaan-perusahaan sejenis(industri pengolahan hasil perikanan), dibandingkan dengan terkonsentrasinyaindustri dari berbagai jenis di suatu wilayah. Peningkatan permintaan terhadapproduk olahan hasil perikanan mampu meningkatkan produktivitas. Akan tetapipeningkatan demand secara agregat menurunkan produktivitas. Karena supplyinput bahan baku yang terbatas, maka peningkatan permintaan akan mendorongterjadinya kenaikan harga bahan baku. Hal tersebut akan menyebabkan kenaikanbiaya produksi, dan selanjutnya akan menurunkan efisiensi dan produktivitas.

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ABSTRACTThis study investigate the productivity growth of fisheries processingindustry and whether or not the productivity influenced by location,agglomeration and demands of processed fishery products. Stochastic frontiertime invariant is use to estimate the production function and make calculatedecomposition of productivity growth into technical progress, changes oftechnical efficiency and the changes in economies of scale. We find that technicalefficiency and productivity of fisheries processing industry is still relatively low.A panel data model used to estimate the determinand productivity growth,with 468 sample of firm.The results show that the distance of the fishing portlocation to the company causes negative effects on productivity growth. Acompany which is located in an industrial location has higher productivitygrowth. Furthermore, firms with similar types of business in one location(localization economics) benefit more from economic activities rather than oneswith different types of business in one location (urbanization economics).Demands of processed fishery products have effect to productivity of fisheriesprocessing industry where an increase in demand for processed fishery productswould raise productivity of fisheries processing firms. However, due to limitedraw materials a rise in aggregate demand would boost the price of raw materials.Therefore, it will lead to an increase in production cost, further would decreaseefficiency and productivity."

"ABSTRAKStudi ini mengkaji tentang efisiensi teknis Kantor Pelayanan Pajak KPP , dengan terlebih dahulu mengestimasi fungsi produksi pemungutan pajak pusat di Indonesia. Pengukuran efisiensi teknis pemungutan pajak dilakukan dengan model stochastic frontier analysis, dengan observasi berupa agregasi data KPP pada tingkat Provinsi selama kurun waktu 7 tahun 2010 ndash; 2016 untuk seluruh KPP di Indonesia, selain KPP-KPP yang berada di lingkup Kanwil DJP Wajib Pajak Besar dan Kanwil DJP Jakarta Khusus.Hasil analisis menunjukkan adanya perbedaan tingkat efisiensi teknis pemungutan pajak antar provinsi. Efisiensi teknis pemungutan pajak dipengaruhi oleh faktor internal KPP, seperti: upaya audit, biaya operasional kantor dan segmentasi Wajib Pajak WP , maupun faktor eksternal, seperti: karakteristik sosial dan ekonomi daerah, seperti: tingkat pendidikan masyarakat. Upaya audit dari pemeriksa pajak mempunyai pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap efisiensi teknis KPP. Lebih lanjut, semakin meningkatnya masyarakat yang berpendidikan tinggi juga dapat meningkatkan efisiensi pengumpulan pajak, karena lebih mudah memahami peraturan pajak.

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ABSTRACT This study examines the technical efficiency of the Tax Offices KPP , by first estimating the central tax collection function in Indonesia. Measurement of technical efficiency of tax collection is done by stochastic frontier analysis model, with observation in the form of data aggregation of tax offices at Provincial level during the period of 7 years 2010 2016 for all tax office in Indonesia, other than tax offices which is under the scope of Large Taxpayer Regional Office and Jakarta Special Regional Offices.The result of the analysis shows the differences in the level of tax collection technical efficiency among provinces. The technical efficiency of tax collection is influenced by internal factors of tax office, such as audit effort, office operating costs and taxpayer segmentation, as well as external factors, such as social and economic characteristics of the provinces, for instance community educational level. Audit efforts from tax inspectors have a significant influence on the technical efficiency of tax offices. Furthermore, more highly educated community can also improve the efficiency of tax collection, as it is easier for them to understand tax regulations. "