Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"The microbial contamination in the rhizomes of medicinal plants including Curcuma amada rhizomes is generally high. This due to the fact that rhizomes are the bottom parts that grow in the soil. Based on the Regulation of Head of the Indonesian National Agency of Drug and Food Control Number HK.00.06.1.52.4011, the limits of microbial contamination in herbal/medicinal plants are 106 cfu/g for the total microbial and 2×104 cfu/g for the total yeast and mold. Gamma irradiation is one of the methods to reduce microbial contamination in medicinal plants. In this research, the effectiveness of gamma irradiation in microbial reduction and its effects to curcuminoid contents was determined by irradiating Curcuma amada rhizomes at doses of 5 and 10 kGy. The initial contamination in this rhizome was 8.78×107 cfu/g and 5×101 cfu/g for the total microbial and for the total yeast and mould, respectively. The result indicates that at 5 kGy, the microbial contamination and the mould and yeast contamination were reduced from 8.78×107 cfu/g and 5×101 cfu/g to 1.39×104 cfu/g and under 1×101 cfu/g, respectively. Meanwhile the comparison of curcuminoids between the irradiated and non irradiated samples was performed by HPLC method and was found to actually increase from 0.26% to 0.36% after the 5-kGy irradiation. It can be concluded that an irradiation dose of 5 kGy is effective to reduce the content of microorganisms without lowering curcuminoids. Gamma radiation could be used as decontamination method in medicinal plants."

"Iradiasi gamma digunakan untuk mempelajari aberasi kromosom, mutasi tanaman, pemandulan serangga, fitosanitari, pasteurisasi, sterilisasi, atau modifikasi material dimana dosis serap radiasi harus tepat. Dosimeter rutin digunakan untuk mengukur dosis serap radiasi sehari-hari, sehingga menjadi bagian dari jaminan kualitas dan kontrol proses iradiasi pada fasilitas iradiasi. Sementara itu terdapat dosimeter label yang hanya mampu membedakan produk telah diiradiasi atau belum, digunakan untuk pencegahan tercampurnya produk. Telah dilakukan pengembangan stiker dosimeter label berbahan polivinil klorida (polyvinylchloride/ PVC) dan metil kuning (methyl yellow/ MY) menjadi film dosimeter rutin. Film PVC-MY dibuat dengan metode solvent-casting sederhana dengan konsentrasi 0,3; 0,6; 0,9; dan 1,2 mM, kemudian diiradiasi 0; 2,5; 5; 7,5; 10; 15; 20; dan 25 kGy untuk mengetahui kemampuannya sebagai dosimeter. Perubahan warna film PVC-MY dari kuning ke merah setelah iradiasi digunakan sebagai respon dosis. Perubahan warna tersebut dapat diukur dengan metode spektroskopi absorban pada 417 nm yang semakin menurun, 522 dan 547 nm semakin naik, serta metode kolorimetri skala kekuningan yang semakin memudar seiring bertambahnya dosis iradiasi. Kenaikan konsentrasi MY pada film PVC-MY akan menaikkan sensitivitas dosimeter, dan kenaikan ketebalan film akan menaikkan nilai absorban sampai batas saturasi. Selama lima minggu pengamatan, dosimeter film PVC-MY yang disimpan di tempat gelap cukup stabil sebelum digunakan. Dosimeter film PVC-MY setelah teriradiasi harus segera diukur sebelum 3 jam pada suhu ruang atau sebelum 24 jam jika disimpan di tempat dingin (4 oC), karena respon dosis memudar. Film PVC-MY hasil pengembangan ini berpotensi untuk digunakan sebagai dosimeter rutin pada fasilitas iradiasi.

---

Gamma irradiation is used for chromosomal aberrations study, plant mutations, insect sterilization, phytosanitary, pasteurization, sterilization, or material modification where the radiation absorbed dose must be precise. Routine dosimeters are used to measure daily radiation absorbed doses, so they become part of quality assurance and control of the irradiation process at irradiation facilities. Meanwhile, the label dosimeters only differentiate products that have been irradiated or not yet, this dosimeter is used to prevent product mixing. Label dosimeter stickers made from polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and methyl yellow (MY) have been developed into routine dosimeter films. PVC-MY film was synthesized using a simple solvent-casting method with a concentration of 0.3; 0.6; 0.9; and 1.2 mM, and then irradiated at 0; 2.5; 5; 7.5; 10; 15; 20; and 25 kGy to determine its ability as a dosimeter. The color change of the PVC-MY film from yellow to red after irradiation was used as a dose response. This color change can be measured using the absorbance spectroscopy method at 417 nm which decreases, 522 and 547 nm which increases, and the colorimetry method with yellowish scale which fades as well as the irradiation dose increases. An increase in MY concentration in the PVC-MY film will increase the sensitivity of the dosimeter, and an increase in film thickness will increase the absorbance value to the saturation limit. In five weeks of evaluations, the PVC-MY film dosimeter stored in the dark was stable before use. PVC-MY film dosimeters after irradiation must be measured immediately before 3 hours at room temperature or 24 hours if stored in a cool place (4 oC) because dose response was fading. The PVC-MY film resulting from this development has the potential to be used as a routine dosimeter in irradiation facilities."

"ABSTRAKSweet sorghum is a kind of sorghum that contains high content of sugar in its stem. Sweet sorghum has a big potential to be developed in Indonesia owing to its wide adaptation and the fact that it can be used as raw material for liquid sugar, syrup, ethanol, and also as animal feed. Sweet sorghum has not been developed in Indonesia because of lack of a sweet sorghum variety. Improvement of available sweet sorghum genotype can be done among others through plant breeding program. First step on the plant breeding program is to increase the plant genetic variability. This might be done by introduction of varieties or by breeding to create new varieties. Induced mutation using Gamma irradiation can be used to increase the genetic variability of sweet sorghum. Mutation breeding using Gamma irradiation in sweet sorghum was aimed at improving the yield and quality of sweet sorghum.This research was conducted to study the effect of Gamma irradiation on sweet sorghum growth in the M1 generation, and to estimate the optimal dose range suitably for the breeding program. Beside, the objective of this research was to evaluate the genetic variability for the purpose of plant selection in the M2 generation.Plant materials consisted of 2 sweet sorghum lines introduced from ICRISAT namely line No. 79 and No. 83. Non-saccharin sorghum of local variety Fiigari was used as a control. The doses of Gamma irradiation treatment were 0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, and 1000 Gy. The Ml plants were sown in greenhouse at PATIR-BATAN Jakarta, and then were transplanted in the experimental field at Balitbiogen, Bogor. The M2 plants were grown in the experimental field at Lubang Buaya, Jakarta. Important agronomic traits such as plant height, spike length, stem diameter, and grain weight/spike were observed.The results indicated that sorghum lines gave different response to Gamma irradiation, and all measured variables were significantly affected. Irradiation gave morphology and physiology damages on sorghum like abnormality, sterility, and lethality in the Ml generation. The increase of irradiation doses increased physiological damage. Effective doses of Gamma irradiation for sweet sorghum was to be around 400-500 Gy, and the lethal doses 50% of sweet sorghum was around 800-1000 Gy. Putative mutation sometimes could be observed in the M2 generation. The treatment of Gamma increased genetic variability of plant height, spike length, stem diameter, and grain weight/spike. The highest genetic variability was found in the dose treatment of 200-300 Gy. Within this interval dose, there might be high probability to find desirable mutants for further breeding purpose. A number of 38 plants had been selected from the M2 population as putative mutants."

"ABSTRAKSweet sorghum is a kind of sorghum that contains high content of sugar in its stem. Sweet sorghum has a big potential to be developed in Indonesia owing to its wide adaptation and the fact that it can be used as raw material for liquid sugar, syrup, ethanol, and also as animal feed. Sweet sorghum has not been developed in Indonesia because of lack of a sweet sorghum variety. Improvement of available sweet sorghum genotype can be done among others through plant breeding program. First step on the plant breeding program is to increase the plant genetic variability. This might be done by introduction of varieties or by breeding to create new varieties. Induced mutation using Gamma irradiation can be used to increase the genetic variability of sweet sorghum. Mutation breeding using Gamma irradiation in sweet sorghum was aimed at improving the yield and quality of sweet sorghum. This research was conducted to study the effect of Gamma irradiation on sweet sorghum growth in the M1 generation, and to estimate the optimal dose range suitably for the breeding program. Beside, the objective of this research was to evaluate the genetic variability for the purpose of plant selection in the M2 generation. Plant materials consisted of 2 sweet sorghum lines introduced from ICRISAT namely line No. 79 and No. 83. Non-saccharin sorghum of local variety Higari was used as a control. The doses of Gamma irradiation treatment were 0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, and 1000 Gy. The M1 plants were sown in greenhouse at PATIR-BATAN Jakarta, and then were transplanted in the experimental field at Balitbiogen, Bogor. The M2 plants were grown in the experimental field at Lubang Buaya, Jakarta. Important agronomic traits such as plant height, spike length, stem diameter, and grain weight/spike were observed. The results indicated that sorghum lines gave different response to Gamma irradiation, and all measured variables were significantly affected. Irradiation gave morphology and physiology damages on sorghum like abnormality, sterility, and lethality in the M1 generation. The increase of irradiation doses increased physiological damage. Effective doses of Gamma irradiation for sweet sorghum was to be around 400?500 Gy, and the lethal doses 50% of sweet sorghum was around 800?1000 Gy. Putative mutation sometimes could be observed in the M2 generation. The treatment of Gamma increased genetic variability of plant height, spike length, stem diameter, and grain weight/spike. The highest genetic variability was found in the dose treatment of 200?300 Gy. Within this interval dose, there might be high probability to find desirable mutants for further breeding purpose. A number of 38 plants had been selected from the M2 population as putative mutants.

---

"

"Cabe merah (Capsicum annuurn L ) mempunyai rasa pedas yang sangat disukai dan mempunyai warna merah yang menarik, oleh karena itu masyarakat sudah tidak asing lagi menggunakan cabe merah dalam kehidupan sehari—harinya. Cabe merah banyak dipergunakan antara lain untuk memberi cita rasa pada makanan. Mutu cabe merah kering ditentukan oleh kepedasan dan warnanya Kepedasan disebabkan karena adanya kandungan kapsalsin, sedang warna merah disababkan karena adanya pigmen kapsantin. Untuk meningkatkan mutu cabe kering, telah dilakukan penelitian penggunaan perlakuan iradiasi dan pencelupan dalam larutan natrium bisulfit."

"Iradiasi gamma banyak digunakan oleh beberapa industri obat herbal sebagai metode pengawetan yang efisien dalam mengurangi kontaminasi mikroorganisme. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh iradiasi gamma (0; 5; 7.5; and 10 kGy) pada ekstrak etanol H. sabdariffa (EEHS) terhadap uji total mikroorganisme, total kandungan fenol dan flavonoid, aktivitas antioksidan, TLC profiling, total kuersetin dan bobot molekul, aktivitas penghambatan terhadap enzim α-glukosidase dan in-vitro analisis terhadap galur sel kanker manusia (A-549,HUT-78, dan MCF-7). Iradiasi dosis 5 kGy menunjukkan bahwa tidak adanya kapang yang tumbuh dan terjadi penurunan jumlah total bakteri, lebih lanjut iradiasi pada dosis 10 kGy tidak terjadi pertumbuhan bakteri. Analisis total fenol, dan flavonoid, serta aktivitas antioksidan menunjukkan adanya penurunan sebesar 5-11% setelah diiradiasi pada dosis 5 kGy. Analisis profil TLC dan HPLC menunjukkan bahwa salah satu senyawa dalam EEHS adalah kuersetin yang ditunjukan dengan adanya [M+H]+ pada m/z 303,04 dari hasil analisis LC-Ms/Ms. EEHS juga memiliki penghambatan terhadap aktivitas enzim α-glukosidase dengan nilai penghambatan 4,75-7,55%. Uji aktivitas anti kanker terhadap galur sel kanker manusia menunjukkan bahwa EEHS memiliki kemampuan menginhibisi sel kanker sangat kuat dengan nilai IC50 < 20 µg/mL. Lebih lanjut, khasiat anti kanker paling kuat terhadap HUT-78, dengan nilai IC50 10,51 µg/mL, diikuti terhadap MCF-7 (IC50 13,39 µg/mL), dan  A-549 (IC50 14,19 µg/mL). Diketahui pula bahwa iradiasi dosis 5-10 kGy mampu menurunkan aktivitas anti kanker, namun penurunan tersebut tidak menghilangkan aktivitasnya yang ditandai nilai IC50 < 20 µg/mL. Berdasarkan data yang diperoleh, dapat disimpulkan bahwa iradiasi gamma dapat digunakan sebagai pengawetan pada ekstrak etanol H. sabdariffa Linn.

---

Gamma irradiation is widely used by many herbal medicine industries as an efficient preservative method in reducing microorganism contamination. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of gamma irradiation (0; 5; 7.5; and 10 kGy) on the ethanol extract of H. sabdariffa (EEHS) toward the total microorganism test, total phenol and flavonoid contents, antioxidant activity, TLC profile, total quercetin and its molecular weight, inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase enzyme , as well as in-vitro bioassay against human cancer cell lines (A-549, HUT-78, and MCF-7). Irradiation at a dose of 5 kGy showed that no mold grew and there was a decrease in the total number of bacteria, moreover at a dose of 10 kGy there was no bacterial growth. Analysis of total phenols and flavonoids, as well as antioxidant activitiy showed a decrease of 5-11% after irradiation at a dose of 5 kGy. TLC and HPLC profile analysis showed that one of the compounds in the H. sabdariffa extract was quercetin which was indicated by the presence of [M+H]+ at m/z = 303.04 from the LC-MS/MS analysis. EEHS also had inhibitoty  activity against α-glucosidase enzyme with the inhibition value of 4.75-7.55%. Bioassay anticancer against human cancer cell lines showed that EEHS had a very strong ability to inhibit cancer cells with the IC50 value < 21 µg/mL. Furthermore, the anti-cancer properties were strongest against HUT-78 with the IC50 value of 10.51 µg/mL, followed by MCF-7 (IC50 13.39 µg/mL), and A-549 (IC50 14.19 µg/mL). It is also known that irradiation doses of 5-10 kGy could reduce anti-cancer activity, however the decrease did not eliminate its activity which was the IC50 values still lower than 20 µg/mL. Based on the data obtained, it can be concluded that gamma irradiation can be used as a preservative method for ethanol extract of H. sabdariffa Linn."