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"Kegiatan minyak dan gas bumi telah menimbulkan dampak terhadap lingkungan, satu diantaranya adalah kontribusi terhadap perubahan iklim melalui pembakaran sisa gas bumi yang dilakukan di flare stack dan menimbulkan gas rumah kaca (GRK) yang dianggap penyumbang terbesar pemanasan global. Data Ditjen Migas menunjukkan bahwa total gas bumi Indonesia yang dibakar di flare stack pada tahun 2009 adalah sebesar 364 MMSCFD (Million Million Standard Cubic Feet per Day).Indonesia telah berkomitmen untuk mengurangi emisi GRK sebesar 26% pada tahun 2025, dengan 6% diantaranya merupakan kontribusi dari sektor energi. Pemanfaatan gas suar bakar (flare gas) dari Lapangan Migas Pertamina EP Field Tambun yang memiliki gas suar sebesar ±11,22 MMSCFD, menjadi sumber energi bagi jaringan gas rumah tangga masyarakat Desa Buni Bakti, diharapkan mampu berkontribusi terhadap penurunan emisi GRK.Dikarenakan volume gas suar yang relatif kecil dari tiap-tiap sumur, komposisi gas yang memiliki unsur impurities, lokasi yang menyebar serta jauh dari infrastruktur pipa transmisi atau distribusi, menyebabkan tingginya biaya pemrosesan gas tersebut, sehingga tidak ekonomis untuk dimanfaatkan oleh investor. Diperlukan kebijakan pemerintah untuk memanfaatkan gas suar bagi keperluan jaringan gas rumah tangga.Analisis aspek teknis dan ekonomis pembangunan infrastruktur jaringan gas bumi untuk rumah tangga akan dilakukan dalam studi ini, sebagai masukan bagi pemerintah untuk mengeluarkan kebijakan pemanfaatan gas suar bagi keperluan jaringan gas rumah tangga, serta sebagai satu cara memenuhi komitmen Negara Indonesia untuk menurunkan emisi GRK sebesar 26 % hingga tahun 2025.

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Oil and gas activities have an impact on the environment, one of which is contributing to climate change through the burning of residual gas in the flare stack and do cause greenhouse gas (GHG) that are considered the biggest contributor to global warming. Directorate General of Oil and Gas data show that Indonesia's total natural gas burned in the flare stack in the year 2009 amounted to 364 MMSCFD (Million Million Standard Cubic Feet per Day). Indonesia has committed to reduce GHG emissions by 26% in 2025, with 6% of which is contributed from the energy sector.Utilization of fuel gas flare (flare gas) from Gas Field Pertamina EP Field Tambun who have gas flare at ± 11,22 MMSCFD untapped, a source of energy for domestic gas network Buni Bakti village society, is expected to contribute to the reduction of GHG emissions. Due to the volume of a relatively small flare gas from each well, the composition of gas that has an element impurities, which spread and distant location of transmission or distribution pipeline infrastructure, resulting in high costs of processing the gas, so it is not economical to be used by investors.Government policy is needed to take advantage of flare gas for household purposes gas network. Analysis of technical and economical aspects of networking infrastructure for domestic gas will be done in this study, as an input for the government to issue a flare gas utilization policy for the purposes of domestic gas network, as well as a way to meet the State of Indonesia's commitment to reduce GHG emissions by 26 % until 2025."

"Pembangunan jaringan distribusi gas untuk rumah tangga merupakan salah satu program prioritas nasional yang bertujuan untuk konversi energi dari LPG ke Gas alam, pengurangan subsidi serta penyediaan energi bersih dan murah. Saat ini upaya peningkatan pemanfaatan bahan bakar gas bumi hanya difokuskan untuk rumah tangga saja sehingga kurang diminati oleh pihak swasta karena kurang menguntungkan dan jangka waktu pengembalian investasi yang terlalu lama. Dengan adanya pengguna gas selain rumah tangga seperti pelanggan kecil tentu akan meningkatkan nilai keekonomian dari proyek ini dan mempercepat pengembalian investasi. Tesis ini bertujuan untuk menghitung berapa harga jual gas yang ekonomis bagi pelanggan khususnya apabila konsumennya merupakan gabungan dari pelanggan rumah tangga dan pelanggan kecil, serta membandingkan keekonomian dari pemanfaatan gas alam untuk rumah tangga jika dibandingkan dengan menggunakan LPG. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan, diketahui bahwa skenario 1 menghasilkan harga gas Rp.11.560,00/m3 sampai Rp.17.620,00/m3, skenario 2 menghasilkan harga gas Rp.10.915,00/m3 sampai Rp.15.115,00/m3, skenario 3 menghasilkan harga gas Rp.8.865,00/m3, dan skenario 4 menghasilkan harga gas Rp.2.980,00/m3 sampai Rp.3.811,00/m3. Skenario terbaik adalah skenario 4 yang pelanggannya terdiri atas gabungan pelanggan rumah tangga dan pelanggan kecil yang memaksimalkan alokasi gas sebesar 2 MMSCFD. Dengan harga gas sebesar itu maka penghematan yang didapat dibandingkan dengan penggunaan LPG adalah sebesar Rp.64.780,00/m3 sampai dengan Rp.81.400/m3 per bulan untuk masing-masing rumah tangga.

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Construction of gas distribution networks to households is one of the national priority programs aimed at energy conversion from LPG to natural gas, reduction in subsidies and the provision of clean and cheap energy. Nowadays, efforts to increase fuel utilization of natural gas only focused for households and it less attractive to the private sector because it is less profitable and the investment payback period is too long. With the addition to household gas users such as small customers will certainly increase the economic value of this project and will accelerate the return on investment. This thesis aims to calculate how much gas price economical for customers, especially when the consumer is a combination of household customers and small customers, and comparing the economics of natural gas for households when compared with LPG. Based from the calculation, it is known that the first scenario gas prices is Rp.11.560,00/m3 to Rp.17.620,00/m3, scenario 2 gas prices is Rp.10.915,00/m3 to Rp.15.115,00/m3, scenario 3 gas prices is Rp.8.865,00/m3, and scenario 4 gas prices is Rp.2.980,00/m3 to Rp.3.811,00/m3. The best scenario is scenario 4 that its customers consist of a combined household customers and small customers that maximize the allocation of gas by 2 MMSCFD. Savings with the price of it compared to using LPG amounted Rp.64.780,00/m3 up to Rp.81.400/m3 per month for each household."

"Providing environmentally friendly, cheap, and safe energy for citizens by considering the national energy use mix by considering the state's financial ability to provide subsidies is a policy that must be carried out by the Government. Starting in 2009, the Government continued to take initiatives to address this issue by continuing the existing policy of building a City Gas Network. This policy is included in one of the National Strategic Projects through Presidential Regulation No. 18 of 2020 where it is also stated in the Medium-Term Development Plan (RJPMN) which targets the construction of 4.7 million household connections by the end of 2024, but in fact until 2022 only around 871,000 connections have been realised. This research analyses the evaluation of the City Gas/Jargas Development policy through CIPP (Context, Input, Process & Product) method. This research uses a postpositivism approach with qualitative data collection techniques through descriptive qualitative analysis. From the research results, it was found that there are still things that need to be improved to ensure that this policy can better achieve the expected targets, both in terms of planning in evaluating the context dimension and in the policy implementation stage which involves many parties in it related to the process dimension. In the input dimension, the process of reallocating funding, revising several government regulations as well as reviewing the commercial governance of energy supply for the community needs to be carried out to ensure the acceleration of Jargas development. From the product dimension, several initiatives are also needed to attract the interest of the community and investors to switch from the use of LPG to City Gas Network.

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Providing environmentally friendly, cheap, and safe energy for citizens by considering the national energy use mix by considering the state's financial ability to provide subsidies is a policy that must be carried out by the Government. Starting in 2009, the Government continued to take initiatives to address this issue by continuing the existing policy of building a City Gas Network. This policy is included in one of the National Strategic Projects through Presidential Regulation No. 18 of 2020 where it is also stated in the Medium-Term Development Plan (RJPMN) which targets the construction of 4.7 million household connections by the end of 2024, but in fact until 2022 only around 871,000 connections have been realised. This research analyses the evaluation of the City Gas/Jargas Development policy through CIPP (Context, Input, Process & Product) method. This research uses a postpositivism approach with qualitative data collection techniques through descriptive qualitative analysis. From the research results, it was found that there are still things that need to be improved to ensure that this policy can better achieve the expected targets, both in terms of planning in evaluating the context dimension and in the policy implementation stage which involves many parties in it related to the process dimension. In the input dimension, the process of reallocating funding, revising several government regulations as well as reviewing the commercial governance of energy supply for the community needs to be carried out to ensure the acceleration of Jargas development. From the product dimension, several initiatives are also needed to attract the interest of the community and investors to switch from the use of LPG to City Gas Network."

"Pertumbuhan infrastruktur gas kota oleh badan usaha saat ini dianggap lambat dan tidak memenuhi harapan pemerintah. Lambatnya pembangunan infrastruktur disebabkan oleh rendahnya profitabilitas bisnis. Pemerintah berkomitmen untuk mendanai pengembangan infrastruktur jaringan gas kota setiap tahun, tetapi tetap tidak dapat membantu operator untuk menutupi biaya operasional. Solusi yang ditawarkan untuk mengoptimalkan alokasi gas kota adalah dengan mengevaluasi dampak ekonomi dari infrastruktur gas kota di area X, Y dan Z dengan metode rekayasa nilai. Studi ini berfokus pada pemilihan alternatif skenario untuk menentukan skema pemanfaatan gas kota yang optimal. Hasilnya menunjukkan arus kas gas kota dari daerah yang ada X, Y dan Z adalah minus. Area-area tersebut akan menghasilkan keuntungan dan dapat menutupi biaya operasional jika ada pengembangan pelanggan kecil dengan IRR>12%. Pelanggan rumah tangga tidak disarankan untuk mencapai skala ekonomi gas kota, kecuali dana pemerintah dan tingginya volume penggunaan gas.

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The growth of city gas infrastructure by business entities is currently considered slow and does not meet government expectations. The slow development of infrastructure is due to the low profitability of the business. The government is committed to funding the development of the citys gas network infrastructure every year, but it remains can not help operators to cover the operational costs. The solution is offered to optimize the allocation of city gas is by evaluating the economic impact of the city gas infrastructure in area X, Y and Z with value engineering method. This study focuses on examining scenario alternatives to determine an optimum city gas utilization scheme. The results showed the cashflow of city gas from the existing area X, Y and Z are minuses. Those areas will make profits and can cover the operational costs if there are the development of small customers with IRR>12%. The household customers are not recommended to achieve the economic scale of city gas, except the governments funding and the high volume of gas usage."