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Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
President Joko Widodo has a clear vision & mission to transform Indonesia to be a maritime axis. He firmly reaffirm that Indonesia is a strong maritime country and its people should enjoy the great benefits from its sea resources. Fisheries is one of the biggest marine living resources that significantly contribute economic benefits to Indonesian people. Nonetheless, the flaws on the laws has created is advantage to Indonesian people, in particular, fisherman. The genuine link obligation under article 91 UNCLOS is intend to ensure a fishing vessel is socially and economically attached to its owner, so that its utilization will bring profits. Ironically, ship registration system under the government regulation number 51 year 2002(GR 51/2002) on shipping give a space for a false document being used in ship registration process. It creates a condition where a foreign fishing vessel owners can operateits vessel in Indonesian waters, under the name of Indonesian people or company, eventhough the transfer of ownership is not done. The result is, the utilization of the vessel is for the greatest benefit of the real owner and not for the Indonesian people. Indonesian government should revise the GR 51/2002 to protect the interest of its people.

Abstrak :
Adanya kemajuan dari segi teknologi di dunia pelayaran mendorong kebutuhan akan suatu instrumen hukum yang mengatur registrasi kapal sebab. Bagi negara bendera terdapat terdapat hak bagi negara untuk menetapkan syarat pemberian benderanya. Dari hak tersebut, lahirlah rezim-rezim pendaftaran kapal. Salah satu dari pendaftaran tersebut adalah pendaftaran terbuka. Pada pendaftaran terbuka dikenal praktik flag of convenience di mana suatu kapal dapat dimiliki oleh pihak asing secara semu. Karena kepemilikan ini, terdapat permasalahan dalam implementasi kontrol efektif oleh negara bendera dalam hal teknis, administratif, dan sosial sebagaimana dimuat di dalam UNCLOS. Selain itu, pada kapal berbendera flag of convenience, terdapat kekaburan pertanggungjawaban dalam hal terjadi kecelakan di laut. Penelitian ini ditulis dengan menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dan tipologi yang bersifat deskriptif analitis. Melalui penelitian ini, penulis menemukan bahwa masih terdapat permasalahan implementasi kewajiban hukum internasional ke dalam hukum nasional Panama dan Liberia sebagai negara-negara yang mempraktikkan flag of convenience, berbeda dengan Indonesia yang cenderung lengkap dalam mengadopsi ketentuan hukum internasional ke dalam hukum nasionalnya. Ditemukan pula dalam kasus-kasus kecelakaan kapal di mana pertanggungjawaban yang seharusnya dibebankan kepada pemilik kapal menjadi sulit ditentukan karena kepemilikan kapal berbendera flag of convenience. Saran dari penulis adalah perlunya peningkatan kontrol efektif oleh negara bendera yang memiliki kapal-kapal berbendera FoC melalui instrumen hukum nasional dan penghidupan kembali konsep genuine link antara kapal dengan pemilik kapal sebagaimana dirumuskan di dalam UNCLOS. ......The technological advancement in the shipping world encourages the need for a legal instrument that regulates ship registration because. For flag states, there is a right for the state to determine the conditions for granting its flag. From this right, ship registration regimes were born. One of these registrations is open registration. Open registration is known as the practice of flag of convenience in which a ship can be quasi-owned by a foreign party. Because of this ownership, there are problems in implementing effective controls by the flag state in technical, administrative and social matters as contained in UNCLOS. In addition, on ships with the flag of convenience, there is a vagueness of responsibility in the event of an accident at sea. This research was written using normative juridical and typological methods that are descriptive analytical. Through this study, the authors find that there are still problems implementing international legal obligations into the national law of Panama and Liberia as countries that practice the flag of convenience, in contrast to Indonesia which tends to be complete in adopting international legal provisions into its national law. It was also found in cases of ship accidents where the responsibility that should be borne by the ship owner becomes difficult to determine because the ownership of the ship has a flag of convenience. Suggestions from the author are the need to increase effective control by flag states that own ships with the FoC flag through national legal instruments and revitalize the concept of genuine link between ships and ship owners as formulated in UNCLOS.