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"Penelitian ini mengkaji pertimbangan Jepang dalam membangun kemitraan strategis dengan India melalui India-Japan Strategic and Global Partnership. Analisis dilakukan dengan menggunakan kajian geopolitik dan geostrategi melalui metode kualitatif. Posisi geografi India yang bersinggungan dengan jalur pengiriman energi ke Jepang, seperti Selat Malaka, Laut China Selatan dan Samudera Hindia menjadi pertimbangan geostrategi Jepang. Selain itu, India telah berkembang cukup pesat di kawasan baik secara ekonomi, politik dan militer.Penulis juga berargumen bahwa Jepang dan India memiliki persepsi yang sama terkait kehadiran China di kawasan sebagai sebuah ancaman. Penelitian menemukan bahwa kebijakan 'Look East' India dan peningkatan kapabilitas angkatan laut menjadi pertimbangan geopolitik Jepang. Oleh karena itu dapat dikatakan bahwa peningkatan hubungan dengan India disebabkan oleh kebutuhan Jepang akan akses sumber daya alam khususnya energi. Situasi ini menunjukkan bahwa geopolitik dan geostrategi menjadi faktor pertimbangan yang penting bagi Jepang dalam membangun kemitraan straregis dengan India melalui India-Japan Strategis dan Global Partnership. ......This research examines the decision of Japan to build strategic partnership with India through ldquo India Japan Strategic and Global Partnership'. The analysis were employ geopolitics and geostrategy study through qualitative methods. In this research, the author will analyze the consideration of Japan choose India as a partner in the region by using the study of geopolitics and geostrategy. This study employs qualitative method to collect and analysis the data. India geographic position that intersects with strategic lines for delivery energy to Japan, such as the Strait of Malacca, South China Sea and the Indian Ocean become Japan geostrategy consideration. In addition India has developed quite rapidly in the region like economic, political and military.The author also argues that Japan and India have the same perception related to the presence of China in the region as a threat. This research found that the India Look East policy and the increasing capability of India navy become Japan Geopolitics consideration. Therefore, it can be said that improved relations with India due to the need of Japan access to natural resources, especially energy. This situation shows that geopolitic and geostrategy are important consideration for Japan to strategic partnership with India through ldquo India Japan Strategic and Global Partnership'."

"The Port of Bitung area has a number of potentials that can impact the structure of national security and national defense, because it has a strategic concept for the Indo-Pacific Region. The Bitung Port area as an international hub port, stated in the Minister of Transportation Decree Number 54 of 2002 concerning the Implementation of Sea Ports. The method in this study used a qualitative descriptive approach and data analysis techniques used an interactive of model analysis. This study analyzes the Geostrategy concept for the Port of Bitung Region as part of a national security strategy to strengthen national defense based on the maritime security side and the economic implications of the Indo-Pacific Region. The results show that in general the analysis of the strategy of the Bitung port area in maritime security studies for national national security and national defense shows several things: 1) the strategic conditions of the Bitung Port area need to be supported by strategic and integrated policies between the Central government and the North Sulawesi Province Bitung City; 2) the development of special economic zones (KEK) requires accelerated implementation of policies in a sustainable manner with full support from the budget side, this is to strengthen the territorial basis in the geostrategic concept; and 3) there needs to be an approach towards the community in supporting the realization of the strategic area of Bitung City, North Sulawesi. The fulfillment of these requirements has made the Bitung Port area capable of supporting geostrategy through strategic maritime security studies and economic implications, because it is located in the Indo-Pacific Region as a center for political and economic defense so as to strengthen national security and national defense."

"Penelitian ini membahas tentang perpanjangan konflik yang terjadi antara dua negara pecah belah yaitu Rusia dengan Ukraina. Dengan invasi yang dilakukan sejak tahun 2014, dan penyerangan kembali yang dilakukan pada tahun 2022, hal ini menyebabkan adanya krisis internasional yang disebabkan oleh Rusia. Dengan negara-negara lain menjadi aktor yang terdampak, mulai dari kenaikan harga energi, pertambahan pengungsi, maka nerbagai upaya dilakukan terutama oleh kawasan Barat, untuk dapat meredakan perselisihan ini dan juga untuk melemahkan kekuatan Rusia dalam penyerangan yang dilakukan terhadap Ukraina. Salah satu upayanya adalah memberlakukan sanksi berat terhadap Rusia. Mulai dari embargo ekspor impor, pembatasan transaksi perdagangan dan juga pemboikotan industri Rusia di negara-negara kawasan Barat. Dengan sanksi yang bertubi diberikan oleh banyak negara dari kawasan Barat, hal ini membuat Rusia juga melakukan pertahanan serta penyerangan balik sebagai respons Rusia menerima sanksi tersebut. Penelitian ini dibatasi dalam periode waktu 10 tahun terakhir, yaitu 2013 hingga 2023 dengan lingkup spasial Rusia, Uni Eropa dan juga Asia. Teori yang digunakan adalah Regional Security Complex melalui perspektif konstruktivisme dan membahas bagaimana pola geostrategi dan geopolitik Rusia berpengaruh dalam menjalankan kepentingannya untuk melakukan counter terhadap sanksi-sanksi yang diberikan kepada Rusia. Menggunakan metode analisis kualitatif studi kasus, penelitian ini berisi respons yang diberikan Rusia atas sanksi yang diberlakukan oleh kawasan Barat. Mulai dari perubahan geopolitik dan geostrategi Rusia, dan juga alasan Rusia melakukan alternatif kerjasama dengan negara-negara non-barat secara multisektoral, mulai dari bidang yang esensial hingga bidang-bidang yang bersifat low politics.......This research discusses the prolonged conflict between two divided countries, namely Russia and Ukraine. With the invasion that began in 2014 and the renewed attacks in 2022, it has led to an international crisis caused by Russia. Other countries have become affected actors, resulting in increased energy prices and a rise in refugees. Various efforts have been made, especially by Western nations, to alleviate this dispute and weaken Russia's power in its attacks on Ukraine. One such effort is the imposition of heavy sanctions on Russia, including export-import embargoes, trade transaction restrictions, and boycotting Russian industries in Western countries. With multiple Western countries imposing consecutive sanctions, Russia has responded with defense and counter attacks. The research is limited to the past 10 years, from 2013 to 2023, focusing on Russia, the European Union, and Asia. The theoretical framework used is the Regional Security Complex through a constructivist perspective, exploring how Russia's geostrategic and geopolitical patterns influence its efforts to counter the sanctions imposed. Using qualitative case study analysis, the research covers Russia's responses to the sanctions imposed by the Western region. This includes changes in Russia's geopolitical and geostrategic landscape, as well as the reasons behind Russia seeking alternative cooperation with non-Western countries across various sectors, ranging from essential to low-politics areas."

"Visegrad merupakan kerja sama regional di Eropa Tengah. Negara-negara anggota tersebut adalah Ceko, Hungaria, Polandia dan Slovakia. Untuk mengkaji isu tersebut, penulis menggunakan teori geostrategi dalam menjelaskan faktor-faktor yang melatarbelakangi kerja sama keamanan Visegrad. Dengan teori geostrategi yang dipelopori oleh Colin S. Gray, penulis menemukan tiga 3 faktor pendorong kerja sama keamanan. Ketiga faktor kerja sama keamanan tersebut antara lain letak geografis Eropa Tengah terhadap InterEuropean Gas Pipeline, antisipasi Eropa Tengah terhadap ancaman Rusia dan pemutakhiran teknologi militer negara anggota Visegrad. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah ketiga faktor tersebut mendorong kerja sama keamanan di Visegrad yang sejalan dengan pemahaman Colin S. Gray. Akhirnya, metode congruence digunakan sebagai metode penelitian. Metode ini menunjukkan relevansi yang kuat dalam menghasilkan penjelasan kerja sama keamanan Visegrad seperti yang diuraikan dalam beberapa literatur mengenai masalah yang dibahas. ......Visegrad is a regional cooperation in Central Europe. The member countries are Czech, Hungarian, Polish and Slovak. To examine the issue, the authors use the theory of geostrategy in explaining the factors behind the Visegrad security cooperation. With the geostrategic theory pioneered by Colin S. Gray, the authors found three 3 factors driving the security cooperation. The three factors of cooperation include the European geographical location of the InterEuropean Gas Pipeline, Central European anticipation of the Russian threat and the upgrading of Visegrad member state military technology. The result of this research is the aforementioned factors drive the security cooperation in Visegrad as understood by Colin S. Gray. Finally, the congruent method is used as a research method. This method demonstrates strong relevance in generating an explanation of Visegrad security cooperation as in some literature on closed issues."