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"Latar Belakang. Kebocoran mikro masih menjadi masalah utama dalam bidang kedokteran gigi karena dapat menyebabkan bakteri dan cairan mulut masuk diantara dinding kavitas dan tumpatan. Tujuan. Mengevaluasi kebocoran mikro pada tumpatan GIC Konvensionaldan RMGIC.Metode. Gigi premolar dipreparasi pada bagian oklusal dengan ukuran 3 x 3 x 2,5 mm, kemudian ditumpat dengan GIC Fuji IX, Fuji II dan Fuji II LC. Kemudian, spesimen direndam dalam akuabides, setelah 24 jam direndam dalam larutan pewarna methylene blue 1%, kemudian dipotong melintang arah bukolingual dan diamati di bawah stereomikroskop.Hasil Penelitian. Kebocoran mikro paling besar terjadi pada GIC Fuji IX, diikuti dengan Fuji II dan Fuji II LC.Kesimpulan. Terdapat kebocoran mikro pada tumpatan GIC Konvensional dan RMGIC, dimana derajat kebocoran mikro pada GIC Konvensional lebih besar dibandingkan RMGIC.

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Background. Microleakage around restoration is still a major problem in clinical dentistry, which can cause the penetration of bacteria and oral fluids between the cavity wall and the restoration. Objectives. To evaluate the microleakage of Conventional GIC and RMGIC restoration.Methods. The premolars were prepared oclusally to a size of 3 x 3 x 2,5 mm dimensions, and were filled with GIC Fuji IX, Fuji II, and Fuji II LC. Then, all specimens were stored in aquabidest, after 24 hours all specimens were immersed in 1 % methylene blue dye, then were sectioned in a buccolingual direction, and inspected under stereomicroscope.Results. GIC Fuji IX showed maximum leakage followed by Fuji II and Fuji II LC.Conclusions. The microleakage was evident in Conventional GIC and RMGIC restoration, where the microleakage degree in Conventional GIC were greater than RMGIC."

"The adhesive of composite resin has been used for direct bonding of a bracket system of bracket fixed orthodontic treatment by etching. The disanvantage of etching is enamel loss and difficult procedure. Modified glass ionomer cement has been suggested as a bracket bonding system without etching. The chemical bonding without etching can reduce enamel loss and make the procedure more efficient. The purpose of this study was to determine the shear bond strength of modified glass ionomer cement as metal Begg bracket bonding system with and without etching. The subject of this study consisted of two groups which had 15 intact extracted permanent human upper bicuspids for each group. Group I was etched with ortho phosphate acid (37%) for 20 seconds and bonded with modified glass ionomer cement. Group II was untreated and bonded with the same adhesive. The shear bond strength was measured with Pearson Pankee Equipment, and bond failure location was observed under stereo microscope. To differentiate the effects with and without etching, t test was performed, while to observe the location of bond failures, chi-square test was conducted. The results of this study indicated that the shear bond strength of modified glass ionomer cement as bonding system metal Begg Brackets with etching was significantly higher (p<0.001) than without etching. Without etching, bond failure occured between enamel and bonding agent. With etching, the bond failure was mostly found within the adhesive."

"ABSTRAKPada perawatan ortodonsi penggunaan perekat braket langsung merupakan salah satu tujuan untuk melakukan perawatan ortodonti dengan estetika yang baik. Dewasa ini banyak tersedia macam-macam bahan dasar dari pelekat braket langsung. Pemilihan dari bahan perekat braket langsung perlu mempertimbangkan kuat rekat geser dari bahan tersebut, agar waktu perawatan sesuai dengan rencana yang telah diperkirakan.Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mendapatkan perbandingan nilai rata-rata kuat rekat geser perekat braket langsung yang berbahan dasar komposit (Unite) dan glas ionomer (Fuji Ortho LC) menggunakan alat "mechanical testing machine" Shimadzu AG-5000 dengan "cross head speed" 5 mm/menit. Hasil penelitian dianalisis dengan u j i t menunjukkan bahwa kuat rekat geser braket logam yang direkatkan dengan bahan dasar komposit (Unite) berbeda bermakna dengan kuat rekat geser braket logam yang direkatkan dengan bahan dasar glas ionomer (Fuji Ortho LC) (t=7,909 p < 0,05). "

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh saliva buatan dengan pH yang berbeda-beda terhadap terhadap kekuatan tarik diametral Semen Ionomer Kaca Modifikasi Resin (SIKMR) yang dilapisi bahan pelindung varnish dan nanofilled coating agent. Spesimen yang dilapisi bahan pelindung direndam dalam saliva pH 4,5, 5,5, dan 7 selama 24 jam dalam inkubator bersuhu 37°C. Kekuatan tarik diametral diuji dengan Universal Testing Machine.Hasil menunjukkan perbedaan yang tidak bermakna pada seluruh spesimen yang dikelompokkan berdasarkan tingkat keasaman saliva serta jenis bahan pelindung (p>0,05). Bahan pelindung varnish maupun nanofilled coating agent dapat bertahan dengan baik pada SIKMR dalam kondisi asam yang merupakan simulasi keadaan rongga mulut pada kelompok orang dengan resiko karies tinggi selama 24 jam proses maturasinya.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of artificial saliva with different acidities on the diametral tensile strength of RMGIC coated with varnish and nanofilled coating agent. The specimens coated with coating agents were immersed in artificial saliva with the pH of 4.5, 5.5, and 7 for 24 hours at 37°C. The diametral tensile strength of the specimens were tested with Universal Testing Machine.

There were no significant differences on the diametral tensile strength of all specimens that were put into groups based on the acidity of the saliva and the type of coating agent (p>0.05). Both varnish and nanofilled coating agent stayed on the RMGIC in the acidic condition that simulated the true condition of oral cavity of people with high caries risk for the 24 hours of maturation."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh pH saliva terhadap kekuatan tarik diametral semen ionomer kaca (SIK) yang dilapisi coating agent. Spesimen SIK yang telah dilapisi varnish dan nanofilled coating agent direndam dalam saliva buatan pH 4,5 5,5 dan 7 selama 24 jam pada suhu 37ºC, kemudian dilakukan pengujian kekuatan tarik diametral dengan Universal Testing Machine.Hasil menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna nilai kekuatan tarik diametral SIK yang dilapisi varnish maupun nanofilled coating agent dengan menurunnya pH saliva (p<0,05).Disimpulkan bahwa pH saliva tidak mempengaruhi kekuatan tarik diametral SIK yang dilapisi varnish maupun nanofilled coating agent.

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The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of salivary pH to diametral tensile strength of Glass Ionomer Cement (GIC) coated by coating agent. GIC specimens coated by varnish and nanofilled coating agent were stored in artificial saliva pH 4,5 5,5 and 7 for 24 hours at 37ºC, then diametral tensile strength was tested by Universal Testing Machine.

Result showed that there was no significant different in diametral tensile strength of GIC coated by varnish and nanofilled coating agent with decreasing of salivary pH (p<0,05).

It can be concluded that salivary pH does not affect the diametral tensile strength of GIC coated by varnish or nanofilled coating agent."

"Latar Belakang: Semen Ionomer Kaca (SIK) adalah bahan restorasi yang terdiri dari bubuk kaca kalsium fluoroaluminosilikat dan asam oliakrilik. Pada tahap awal reaksi setelah dilakukan pencampuran, SIK sensitif terhadap udara dan air yang dapat menghambat reaksi pengerasan, sehingga perlu diberikan perlindungan dengan material yang kedap air dan salah satu material tersebut adalah bonding agent.Tujuan: Menganalisis hubungan kedalaman intrusi air terhadap kekerasan SIK.Metode: 12 spesimen SIK dengan diameter 5 mm dan tebal 2 mm, dibagi menjadi 3 kelompok: kelompok 1 tanpa bahan pelindung, kelompok 2 diaplikasikan varnis, dan kelompok 3 diaplikasikan bonding agent. Seluruh spesimen direndam dalam methylene blue 0,1% selama 24 jam dan di masukkan ke dalam inkubator dalam suhu 370C. Selanjutnya setiap sampel dibelah menjadi 2 bagian, pada satu bagian dilakukan pengukuran terhadap kedalaman intrusi air menggunakan measuring microscope sedangkan pada satu sisi lainnya dilakukan pengukuran terhadap kekerasan menggunakan Knoop Microhardness Tester. Kemudian hasilnya dianalisis secara statistik.Hasil: Pada tiap kelompok terdapat hubungan korelasi yang kuat antara kedalaman intrusi air dan kekerasan SIK dengan nilai korelasi -0,868 dan nilai p < 0,05 .Kesimpulan: Semakin dalam intrusi air pada SIK, semakin rendah kekerasan SIK.

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Background: Glass Ionomer Cement (GIC) is a restorative material consisting of calcium fluoroaluminosillicate glass powder and polyacrylic acid. At the initial reaction after mixing, GIC is sensitive to the air and water which can inhibit the setting reaction, therefore it is needed a protection by materials which are watertight and one of them is bonding agent.Aim: To analyze the relation of the depth water intrusion to the hardness of GIC.Method: 12 specimen with 5 mm in diameter and 2 mm in thickness, were divided into 3 groups: the first group wasn?t given a coating, the second group was given varnish, and the third group was given bonding agent. All specimen were soaked in methylene blue 0,1% during 24 hours and placed in incubator with 370C in temperature. Furthermore, each sample was cut into 2 parts, one part was measured to know the depth of water intrusion by measuring microscope while the other part was measured to know its hardness by Knoop Microhardness Tester. Afterwards, the result is analyzed statistically.Result: There is a strong correlation between the depth of water intrusion and the hardness of GIC in each group with correlation value -0,868 and p value < 0,05.Conclusion: The deeper the water intrusion of GIC, the lower the hardness of GIC."

"Latar Belakang: Semen Ionomer Kaca (SIK) adalah bahan restorasi yang terdiri bubuk kaca kalsium fluoroaluminosilikat dan asam poliakrilik. Pada tahap awal reaksi setelah pencampuran, SIK sensitif terhadap udara dan air yang dapat menghambat reaksi pengerasan, sehingga perlu perlindungan dengan material yang kedap air dan salah satunya adalah bonding agent.Tujuan: menganalisis efek bonding agent terhadap kekerasan SIK.Metode: 12 spesimen SIK diameter 5mm dan tebal 2mm, dibagi menjadi 3 kelompok: kelompok 1 tanpa pelapisan, kelompok 2 dilapis varnis dan kelompok 3 dilapis bonding agent. Seluruh spesimen direndam dalam methylen blue 0,1% selama 24 jam dan di masukkan dalam inkubator dalam suhu 37oC. Kemudian setiap sampel dibelah menjadi 2, yang satu sisi diukur kedalaman intrusi airnya dengan measuring microscope dan bagian lainnya diukur ke kekerasan permukaannya dengan Knoop Microhardness Tester. Kemudian hasilnya dianalisis secara statistik.Hasil: Pada ketiga kelompok terlihat adanya perbedaan bermakna dengan nilai kekerasan SIK tertinggi ada pada kelompok bonding agent.Kesimpulan: Aplikasi bonding agent dapat meningkatkan kekerasan SIK.

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Background: Glass Ionomer Cement (GIC) is a restorative material containing calcium fluoroalluminosillicate glass powder and polyacrylic acid. At the initial reaction after mixing process, GIC becomes sensitive to the air and water which can inhibit setting reaction, therefore it needs to be protected with waterproof material, such as bonding agent.Aim: Analyzing effect of bonding agent application in the hardness of GIC.Method: 12 GIC specimens with 5 mm in diameter and 2 mm in height were divided into 3 groups: first group were without coating, second group were coating with varnish, and third group were covering with bonding agent. All specimens were immersed in methylene blue 0,1% for 24 hours and stored into incubator 37o C. Furthermore, each sample was cut into 2 pieces, one part was measured for water intrusion using measuring microscope while the other part was measured for surface hardness using Knoop Microhardness Tester. Afterwards, the result was analized statistical.Result: At 3 groups show there was significant difference, the highest hardness score is bonding agent?s group.Conclusion: Application of bonding agent could increase the hardness of GIC."

"Gigi molar pertama tetap adalah gigi yang paling peka terhadap karies, sehingga pada anak sering di jumpai gigi molar pertama tetapnya telah mengalami kerusakan yang cukup berat. Sehubungan dangan hal tersebut telah diupayakan berbagai cara untuk mencegah karies pada gigi tetap, terutama pada gigi molar pertama, karena erupsinya paling awal. Salah satu cara yang dianjurkan adalah dengan menutup pit dan fisur, karena biasanya karies dimulai dari daerah tersebut. Untuk penelitian ini digunakan semen glass ionomer. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui sejauhmana semen glass- ionorner dapat mencegah karies pit dan fisur gigi molar pertama tetap dan sejauh mana semen tersebut dapat bertahan di dalam fit dan fisur gigi molar tetap pertama. Subjek penelitian adalah gigi molar pertama tetap siswa sekolah dasar TRISULA Salemba Tengah kelas I, II. III. dengan- usia 6 - 9 tahun. Sejumlah 69 anak telah terpilih untuk diteliti. Setiap anak di lakukan penutupan pit dan fisur pada 2 gigi molar pertama tetap atas dan bawah secara silang, sehingga seluruh gigi perlakuan 138 buah. Sedang 2 gigi yang lain dipergunakan sebagai kontrol."

"The study was a quasi experimental one, supported by microbilogical data. The respondents had been purposively chosen from three Bekasi elementary schools in 2002, with 72 children as treatment group and 72 children as control group. data collected included oral and laboratory examinations. Dental health status of permanent dentition was determined using DMF-T index. The data was collected at the start and 120 days after intervention. Data analysis was by paired t-test for before and after treatment, and by independent t-test for comparing treatment and control. For the average the means 2 samples t-test difference was used, and for the average difference between the same groups the mean one sample t-test was applied. For the nominal scale proportion difference the likelihood ratio test was applied, and for the ordinal scale the nonparametric one-way Anova was used. Simple regression test was used to determine the relation between dependent and independent variables. The results of the study show decrease of S. mutans colonies in saliva after treatment (p= 0,001) and decreasing DMF-T score for treatment group. In control group, there is no decrease in S. mutans colonies, but increasing DMF-T score was found. The conclusion was that glass ionomer cement fillings can inhibit S. mutans growth in saliva."

"Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penyikatan dengan dantanpa pasta gigi charcoal terhadap kekerasan permukaan material restorasi semenionomer kaca modifikasi resin. Metode penelitian: Dalam penelitian ini digunakansemen ionomer kaca modifikasi resin Fuji II LC. Sejumlah 24 spesimen berbentuksilinder dengan ukuran diameter 6 mm dan tebal 2 mm yang dipolimerisasi denganmenggunakan LED light cured LEDMAX-Hilux selama 20 detik dengan irradiansi 800mW/cm2. Setelah polimerisasi, spesimen direndam dalam akuades pada suhu 37Cselama 24 jam. Spesimen diukur kekerasan permukaan awal dengan dengan KnoopMicrohardness tester Shimatzu HMV-G21 DT yang diindentasikan dengan beban 50 gfselama 15 detik. Selanjutnya, specimen dibagi menjadi tiga kelompok (n=8) denganperlakuan penyikatan dengan akuades, pasta gigi tanpa charcoal Colgate TotalProfessional Clean®, dan pasta gigi dengan charcoal Colgate Total Charcoal DeepClean® selama 4 menit 40 detik setara satu bulan penyikatan dengan beban 150 grammenggunakan Oral-B DB4010 Advance Power Battery Toothbrush. Spesimen kemudiandibersihkan dengan ultrasonic cleaner selama 20 detik dan diuji kekerasan permukaanakhir. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji One Way Anova untuk menilai perbedaankekerasan permukaan antara kelompok penyikatan. Hasil: Semen ionomer kacamodifikasi resin yang diberikan penyikatan dengan akuades, pasta gigi tanpa charcoal,dan pasta gigi charcoal menunjukkan peningkatan kekerasan permukaan yang signifikanantar kelompok (p<0,5). Peningkatan kekerasan permukaan paling tinggi terjadi padapenyikatan dengan pasta gigi charcoal. Kesimpulan: Semen ionomer kaca modifikasiresin setelah penyikatan menggunakan pasta gigi yang mengandung charcoal memilikikekerasan permukaan yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan pasta gigi yang tidak mengandungcharcoal......Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of brushing with and withoutcharcoal toothpaste to surface hardness changes of resin modified glass ionomer cement.Method: Resin modified glass ionomer cement Fuji II LC was used in this study. 24specimens of 6 mm in diameter and 2 mm in thinkness with disk-shaped were preparedand polymerized using LED light cured LEDMAX-Hilux in 20 seconds with irradiance800 mW/cm2. After polymerization, specimens were immersed in 37C aquadest solutionfor 24 hours. Specimens were measured initial surface hardness using KnoopMicrohardness tester Shimatzu HMV-G21 with 50 gf indentation in 15 seconds.Futhermore, specimens were divided into three groups (n=8); brushed using distilledwater (group A), toothpaste without charcoal Colgate Total Professional Clean® (groupB), and toothpaste with charcoal Colgate Total Charcoal Deep Clean® (group C) for fourminutes and 40 seconds (equivalent to a month brushing) using Oral-B DB4010 AdvancePower Battery Toothbrush with a load of 150 gr. Specimens were cleaned with ultrasoniccleaner in 20 seconds and were measured for final surface hardness. Data were anylizedusing One Way Anova to assess the significant differences between brushed groups.Result: The value of surface hardness of resin modified glass ionomer cement specimenswere increased significantly between groups (p<0,05). The enhancement of surfacehardness value of charcoal toothpaste was highest between brushed groups. Conclusion:It was concluded that resin modified glass ionomer cement specimens after brushed withcharcoal toothpaste have a higher surface hardness than toothpaste without charcoal"