Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"Penggunaan biomassa sebagai sumber energi atau bahan bakar dalam bentuk pelet memiliki banyak keunggulan, diantaranya mudah untuk disimpan, didistribusikan, serta membuat proses pembakaran lebih sempurna dan stabil. Dalam proses pembuatan pelet, biomassa perlu dikeringkan terlebih dahulu untuk menghindari kontaminasi jamur yang dapat menurunkan nilai kalor. Jenis pengering yang biasa digunakan untuk pengeringan biomassa adalah tipe rotari, karena memiliki kapasitas tinggi, mudah dalam pengoperasian dan pemeliharaan.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan optimasi proses pengeringan dengan menginvestigasi laju penurunan kadar air sampah biomassa pada ruang pengering, menginvestigasi sebaran energi pada ruang pengering, serta menginvestigasi pengaruh debit dan suhu udara pengering serta residence time material terhadap efisiensi energi sistem pengering rotari.Penelitian ini dilakukan secara experimental dengan mengukur suhu, kelembaban, kecepatan udara, kecepatan putar, dan bobot produk dan pelet pada berbagai variasi yaitu variasi debit udara pengering 0,6, 1, dan 1,25 m3/s, variasi kecepatan putar 1, 1,25 dan 1,5 RPM dan variasi laju konsumsi pelet 48 g/min dan 123 g/min. Data hasil experimen dianalisa dengan menggunakan analisa heat dan mass tranfer untuk menghitung sebaran penurunan kadar air dan energi pindah panas, serta analisa energi input dan output untuk perhitungan efisiensi energi sistem pengering.Hasil analisa menunjukkan bahwa laju penurunan kadar air sangat dipengaruhi oleh laju aliran udara pengering, penurunan kadar air tertinggi pada variasi 1,25 m3/s. Penurunan kadar air tertinggi terjadi pada awal masuk material ke ruang pengering dan semakin melandai saat material menuju pengeluaran drum pengering. Perpindahan panas pada drum pengering terjadi paling tinggi di titik Q 4-5 (ujung drum pengering/arah pemasukan material). Rata-rata nilai energi perpindahan panas ini lebih tinggi pada laju aliran udara pengering yang lebih tinggi. Efisiensi sistem memiliki trend meningkat seiring dengan peningkatan debit udara pengeringan, efisiensi sistem bervariasi dari 8,91% hingga 26,84%.

---

The use of biomass as an energy source or fuel in the form of pellets has many advantages, including being easy to store, distribute, and make the combustion process more perfect and stable. In the pellets processing, biomass needs to be dried to avoid fungal contamination which can reduce the caloric value. The type of dryer that is normally used for biomass drying is the rotary type, because it has a high capacity, easy to operate and maintain.

This study aims to optimize the drying process with investigate the rate of decrease in water content of biomass waste in the drying chamber, investigate the distribution of energy in the drying chamber, and investigate the effect of discharge and temperature of the drying air and residence time material on the energy efficiency of a rotary drying system.

This research was carried out experimentally by measuring temperature, humidity, air velocity, rotational speed, and weight of products and pellets at various variations, namely variations in the drying air discharge of 0.6, 1, and 1.25 m3/s, variations in rotational speed of 1, 1.25 and 1.5 RPM and the variation of pellet consumption rate is 48 g/min and 123 g/min. Experimental data were analyzed using heat and mass transfer analysis to calculate the distribution of water content reduction and heat transfer energy, input and output energy analysis for the calculation of the energy efficiency of a drying system.

The results of the analysis show that the rate of decrease in water content is strongly influenced by the rate of drying air flow, the highest decrease in water content at a variation of 1.25 m3/s. The highest decrease in water content occurs at the initial entry of material into the drying chamber and increasingly sloping as the material leads to the drying drum dryer. Heat transfer in the drying drum occurs highest at Q points 4-5 (end of the drying drum/direction of material entry). The average value of this heat transfer energy is higher at higher drying air flow rates. System efficiency has an increasing trend along with an increase in drying air discharge, system efficiency varies from 8.91% to 26.84%."

"This Handbook provides researchers, faculty, design engineers in industrial R&D, and practicing engineers in the field concise treatments of advanced and more-recently established topics in thermal science and engineering, with an important emphasis on micro- and nanosystems, not covered in earlier references on applied thermal science, heat transfer or relevant aspects of mechanical/chemical engineering. Major sections address new developments in heat transfer, transport phenomena, single- and multiphase flows with energy transfer, thermal-bioengineering, thermal radiation, combined mode heat transfer, coupled heat and mass transfer, and energy systems. Energy transport at the macro-scale and micro/nano-scales is also included. The internationally recognized team of authors adopt a consistent and systematic approach and writing style, including ample cross reference among topics, offering readers a user-friendly knowledgebase greater than the sum of its parts, perfect for frequent consultation. The Handbook of Thermal Science and Engineering is ideal for academic and professional readers in the traditional and emerging areas of mechanical engineering, chemical engineering, aerospace engineering, bioengineering, electronics fabrication, energy, and manufacturing concerned with the influence thermal phenomena."

"Multiphase flows are typically described assuming that the different phases are separated by a sharp interface, with appropriate boundary conditions. This approach breaks down whenever the lengthscale of the phenomenon that is being studied is comparable with the real interface thickness, as it happens, for example, in the coalescence and breakup of bubbles and drops, the wetting and dewetting of solid surfaces and, in general, im micro-devices. The diffuse interface model resolves these probems by assuming that all quantities can vary continuously, so that interfaces have a non-zero thickness. This book review the theory and describe some relevant applications of the diffuse interface model for one-component, two-phase fluids and for liquid binary mixtures, to model multiphase flows in confined geometries. "

"This book gathers the proceedings of the 11th workshop on Direct and Large Eddy Simulation (DLES), which was held in Pisa, Italy in May 2017. The event focused on modern techniques for simulating turbulent flows based on the partial or full resolution of the instantaneous turbulent flow structures, as Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS), Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) or hybrid models based on a combination of LES and RANS approaches. In light of the growing capacities of modern computers, these approaches have been gaining more and more interest over the years and will undoubtedly be developed and applied further. The workshop offered a unique opportunity to establish a state-of-the-art of DNS, LES and related techniques for the computation and modeling of turbulent and transitional flows and to discuss about recent advances and applications."

"This is a research-based textbook, in the area of sustainable energy systems and aimed to address some key pillars, better efficiency, better cost effectiveness, better use of energy resources, better environment, better energy security, and better sustainable development. It also includes some cutting-edge topics, such hydrogen and fuel cells, renewable, clean combustion technologies, CO2 abatement technologies, and some potential tools (exergy, constructal theory, etc.) for design, analysis and performance improvement."

"Perpindahan panas dan massa tetesan bahan bakar cair penting untuk diketahui dalam memprediksi fenomena dalam pembakaran dan pengeringan semprot. Model analogi Ranz-Marshall merupakan salah satu model analogi yang sering digunakan untuk menghitung perpindahan panas dan massa suatu zat. Pada hasil perhitungan perpindahan panas dan massa zat yang memiliki nilai bilangan lewis lebih dari satu masih menunjukkan penyimpangan yang cukup besar antara model modifikasi film stagnan dengan model analogi Ranz-Marshall. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa perpindahan panas dan massa pada penguapan tetesan etanol, metanol, dan 2-propanol, serta melihat kesesuaian model analogi Ranz-Marshall dengan meninjau nilai Re1/2Pr1/3 terhadap nilai bilangan Nusselt pada perhitungan perpindahan panas dan meninjau nilai Re1/2Sc1/3 terhadap nilai bilangan Sherwood pada perhitungan perpindahan massa. Penelitian ini menggunakan sebuah sistem pengujian yang mengalirkan udara panas ke sekitar tetesan yang menggantung di termokopel dengan variasi kecepatan dan temperatur pada udara yang mengalir disekitar tetesan tersebut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai bilangan Lewis senyawa yang diujikan lebih dari satu dan terdapat penyimpangan yang cukup besar antara hasil pengujian dengan hasil simulasi model analogi Ranz-Marshall untuk setiap senyawa yang diuji, dimana nilai Re1/2 kurang sesuai untuk perhitungan dengan nilai kecepatan udara berbeda-beda serta diperlukan persamaan baru sesuai untuk hal tersebut.

---

Heat and mass transfer of liquid fuel droplets is important in predicting phenomena in spray combustion and drying. Ranz Marshall analogy model is one of the most common analogy models used to calculate heat and mass transfer of a substance. In the calculation of heat and mass transfer of substances with Lewis number more than one still shows considerable deviations between stagnant film modification model and Ranz Marshall analogy model.

This study aims to analyze heat and mass transfer in evaporation of ethanol, methanol and 2 propanol droplets, and to see the conformity of Ranz Marshall analogy model by reviewing Re1 2Pr1 3 value to Nusselt number on heat transfer calculation and reviewing Re1 2Sc1 3 value to Sherwood number on mass transfer calculation. This study uses a test system that drains hot air around droplets that hung in the thermocouple with variations in speed and temperature of the air flowing around droplets.

The results showed that Lewis number of the compound tested was more than one and there was considerable deviation between the test results and the simulation results of the Ranz Marshall analogy model for each tested compound, where Re1 2 value was less suitable for calculation with different air velocity values and new equations are needed accordingly. "

"This book presents cutting-edge work on the energy efficiency and environmental sustainability of buildings, examining EU policies, regulations and technologies for complex systems such as passive buildings, sustainable buildings and, as part of the Energy Performance of Building Directive (EPBD), nearly Zero Energy Buildings (nZEB) requirements. It explores a wide range of topics, including indoor environment requirements, building physics, in-situ experiments to determine the thermal properties of buildings, nZEB requirements, building service technology, and methods of evaluating energy efficiency and environmental impacts. It also provides an overview of the best available technologies for nZEB, including those for the rational use of energy, utilization of renewable energy sources, EPBD systems and calculation methods. This book is a valuable resource for students, researchers and practitioners of urban planning, and architecture, civil and mechanical engineering."