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"Skripsi ini membahas mengenai pengalaman tujuh perempuan dengan delapan kategori yang terdiri dari empat perempuan berada pada hubungan perkawinan dan tiga perempuan tidak berada pada hubungan perkawinan. Keduanya samasama sama-sama dituntut untuk menjadi ibu melalui institusi heteroseksual yang sah (perkawinan).Keharusan yang mereka dapatkan untuk berheteroseksual dan menjadi ibu tak lepas dari konstruksi seksualitas perempuan yang menempatkan perempuan untuk berheteroseksual dan menjadi ibu. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan tipe penelitian studi kasus feminis. Pada akhirnya penelitian ini menemukan bahwa keharusan mereka untuk menjadi ibu dalam institusi perkawinan merupakan kekerasan simbolik karena keputusan mereka untuk menjadi ibu tidak didasarkan pada persetujuan dan pilihan yang bebas melainkan sebagai bentuk pemenuhan konstruksi seksualitasnya sebagai perempuan.

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This study discusses the experiences of seven women, four of whom being in marital relationships and three being unmarried, using eight categories. Both kinds are expected to be mothers through legal heterosexual institution, id est marriage. The necessity for women to be heterosexualized and become mothers are being attached to the construction of female sexuality that places women to heterosexualize and be mothers. This study uses qualitative methods with a focus on a case study of feminism. This study found that their obligation in becoming mothers under marital institution is seen as a form of symbolic violence as their decision in becoming mothers are not based on choice and consent but rather a form of fulfillment of their sexual construction as a female."

"[ABSTRAKThesis ini membahas muatan-muatan homoseksual di dalam trilogi film X- Men. Fokus dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk menunjukkan bahwa film-film tersebut adalah media bagi kaum homoseksual untuk melawan hegemoni kaum heteroseksual. Penelitian ini menggunakan sejumlah teori seperti analisis wacana yang dikembangkan Teun A. van Dijk, Media Literacy, Auteur Theory, teori hegemoni Antonio Gramsci, dan dihubungkan dengan History of Sexuality tulisan Michel Foucault. Analisis wacana digunakan untuk membongkar bahwa para mutan di dalam film adalah simbolisme, analogi, atau metafora dari homoseksualitas. Teori ini pada awalnya lebih banyak membahas peran sentral Bryan Singer sebagai sutradara gay dalam membuat dua dari tiga film trilogi X- Men. Peran Singer juga dianalisis dengan teori Media Literacy dan Auteur Theory untuk menunjukkan dominasi peran seorang sutradara di dalam film. Setelah menunjukkan bahwa para mutan dalam film-film tersebut adalah obsesi Singer terhadap homoseksualitas, temuan wacana tersebut dihubungkan dengan dengan hegemoni heteroseksual. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa trilogi film tersebut mencerminkan semesta homoseksual untuk melawan hegemoni heteroseksual.

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ABSTRACTThis thesis talks about homosexual contents in the X-Men trilogy. Focus of the research is to show that the movies are the media for the homosexuals to fight against heterosexual hegemony. Discourse Analysis theory developed by Teun A. van Dijk, Media Literacy, Auteur Theory, are used to analyse the movies as well Antonio Gramsci?s Hegemony, and connected to the History of Sexuality written by Michel Foucault. The discourse analysis is used to uncover mutants as the simbolism, analogy, or metaphor of homosexuality. This theory firstly concerns on the central role of Bryan Singer as a gay director of two of the movies. The role of Singer is also analysed with the theory of Media Literacy and Auteur Theory to show the dominant role of a director within movies. After showing that mutants are Singer obsession toward homosexuality, the research focuses on connecting the discourse found to the hegemony of sexuality. Research finds that the movies are clearly representing homosexual universe. The universe is created to fight against the hegemony of heterosexual.;This thesis talks about homosexual contents in the X-Men trilogy. Focus of the research is to show that the movies are the media for the homosexuals to fight against heterosexual hegemony. Discourse Analysis theory developed by Teun A. van Dijk, Media Literacy, Auteur Theory, are used to analyse the movies as well Antonio Gramsci’s Hegemony, and connected to the History of Sexuality written by Michel Foucault. The discourse analysis is used to uncover mutants as the simbolism, analogy, or metaphor of homosexuality. This theory firstly concerns on the central role of Bryan Singer as a gay director of two of the movies. The role of Singer is also analysed with the theory of Media Literacy and Auteur Theory to show the dominant role of a director within movies. After showing that mutants are Singer obsession toward homosexuality, the research focuses on connecting the discourse found to the hegemony of sexuality. Research finds that the movies are clearly representing homosexual universe. The universe is created to fight against the hegemony of heterosexual.;This thesis talks about homosexual contents in the X-Men trilogy. Focus of the research is to show that the movies are the media for the homosexuals to fight against heterosexual hegemony. Discourse Analysis theory developed by Teun A. van Dijk, Media Literacy, Auteur Theory, are used to analyse the movies as well Antonio Gramsci’s Hegemony, and connected to the History of Sexuality written by Michel Foucault. The discourse analysis is used to uncover mutants as the simbolism, analogy, or metaphor of homosexuality. This theory firstly concerns on the central role of Bryan Singer as a gay director of two of the movies. The role of Singer is also analysed with the theory of Media Literacy and Auteur Theory to show the dominant role of a director within movies. After showing that mutants are Singer obsession toward homosexuality, the research focuses on connecting the discourse found to the hegemony of sexuality. Research finds that the movies are clearly representing homosexual universe. The universe is created to fight against the hegemony of heterosexual., This thesis talks about homosexual contents in the X-Men trilogy. Focus of the research is to show that the movies are the media for the homosexuals to fight against heterosexual hegemony. Discourse Analysis theory developed by Teun A. van Dijk, Media Literacy, Auteur Theory, are used to analyse the movies as well Antonio Gramsci’s Hegemony, and connected to the History of Sexuality written by Michel Foucault. The discourse analysis is used to uncover mutants as the simbolism, analogy, or metaphor of homosexuality. This theory firstly concerns on the central role of Bryan Singer as a gay director of two of the movies. The role of Singer is also analysed with the theory of Media Literacy and Auteur Theory to show the dominant role of a director within movies. After showing that mutants are Singer obsession toward homosexuality, the research focuses on connecting the discourse found to the hegemony of sexuality. Research finds that the movies are clearly representing homosexual universe. The universe is created to fight against the hegemony of heterosexual.]"