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Abstrak :
Penelitian dengan rancangan pre-post test mengambil subyek dengan riwayat hiperkolesterolemia (yang satu tahun lalu mendapat konseling gizi sebanyak lima kali selama enam minggu). Pada subyek dilakukan wawancara satu kali mengenai asupan status gizi ; nutrisi dan aktivitas fisik, pemeriksaan status gizi (IMT, lingkar pinggang) serta kadar kolesterol LDL serum. Data yang didapat dibandingkan dengan data subyek satu tahun yang lalu. Wawancara asupan nutrisi menggunakan metode food recall 1 x 24 jam dan zat gizi yang dinilai meliputi kalori, protein, karbohidrat, lemak, kolesterol, serat dan fitosterol. Uji statistik yang digunakan adalah uji t berpasangan jika data berdistribusi normal dan Wilcoxon, jika data berdistribusi tidak normal. Tingkat kemaknaan yang digunakan p < 0, 05. 0,26 g menjadi 0,21 ± 0,18 g. Aktivitas fisikjuga meningkat. Dari rata-rata 7, 15 ± 1, 30 menjadi 8, 11 ± 1, 0. Peningkatan total indeks aktivitas fisik ini diduga menyebabkan menjadi tidak signifikan peningkatan nilai rerata IMT,yaitu dari rata-rata 26, 21 ± 4, 34 kg/m menjadi 26, 57± 4, 56 kg/m. Sedangkan pada lingkar pinggang terjadi peningkatan yang bermakna dari rata-rata 85, 37 ± 7, 61 em menjadi 89, 16 ± 6, 68 em. Peningkatan asupan kalori, lemak dan kolesterol menyebabkan meningkatnya kadar kolesterol LDL subyek penelitian sebesar 7,31 %. Dari rata-rata 151, 53 ± 24,81 mg/dl, menjadi 160,45 ± 27, 01 mg/dl. Tapi peningkatan ini tidak signifikan.

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Pre-post test design study to subjects with history of hypercholesterolemia. Subjects was exposed to nutrition counseling for six weeks a year ago. The subject was interviewed one time concerning nutrition intake and physical activity, examination to nutritional status and serum cholesterol LDL JeveL The result is comparing to the subject data one year ago. Interview of nutrient intake using 1x24 hours food recall method, and the nutrient which are significant but increase in carbohydrate> protein, fat, cholesterol and fiber were significant. Phitosteroi is decrease significantly from median 0,26 g to 0.21 ± 0.18 g. Unexpected increase occurred in subjects' total index of physical activity. From average of7.!5 ± 1.30 to 8.11 ± 1.0. This increase in physical activity total index assumed to have been the cause of ineensement IMT average rate to be insignificant, that is from average of26.21 ± 4.34 kg/m to 26.57 ± 4.56 kg!m While on subjects'waist circumference, there was significant increase from average 85.37 ± 7.61 em to 89.16 ± 6.68 em. The increase in calorie, fat, and cholesterol intakes have caused an increase in subjects' LDL cholesterol level 7.21 % from average 15!.53 ± 24.81 mg/d1 to 160.45 ± 27.01 mg/dl. But this increase was not significant.

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ABSTRAK
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efek pamberian bubuk susu kedelai 2x30 gramlbari, selama 8 minggu terhadap kadar kolesterol LDL dan HDL serum pada wanita parimenopause Bertempat di Klinik Seruni Departemen Ilmu Gizi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas lndnesia, jalan Salemba Raya no.6, Jakarta Penelitian dengan rancangan one group pre-post tes yang telah disetujui Komite Etik FKUI. Subyek mendapat suplementasi susu bubuk kedelai 2x30 g/hari selama 8 minggu. Pada awal (minggu 0); pertengahan (minggu IV); dan akhir penelitian ( awal minggu IX) dilakukan pemeriksaan kadar kolesterol LDL dan HDL. Data isilpan zat gizi dilukukan sebelum dan selama penelitian berlangsung, dengan menggnnakan food recall l x24 jam. Uji statistik yang digunakan adalah uji t berpasangan jika data berdistnbusi normal dan Wilcoxon, jika data berdistribusi tidak normal. Tingkat kemaknaan yang digunakan p<0,05. Sebanyak 19 subyek penelitian yang dapat mengikuti penelitian sampai selesai. Setelah delapan minggu perlakuan, didapatkan adanya penurunan yang bermakna (p<0,05) pada kadar kole-ol LDL, yaitu sebesar 8,59±17,31% di minggu IV dan 7,81±11,32% di minggu IX. Kadar kolesterol HDL menurun pada minggu IV dan IX, namun tidak bermakna (p>0,05). Rasio kolesterol LDL terhadap HDL, men= secilla bermakna (p<0,05) di minggu IV, yaitu sebesar 7,03±16,82%, sedangkan di minggu IX terjadi penurunan, namun tidak bermakna (p>0,05), sebesar 4,04±12,25%. Pemberian bubuk susu kedelai 2x30 g/hari selama delapan minggu, dapat menurunkan kadar kolesterol LDL serta rasio LDLIHDL secara bermakna.

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Abstract
This research aim to investigate the effects of2x30 lifd soy milk flour, for eight . weeks on serumo cholesterol LDL andHDL levels in hypercholesterolemic perimenopausal women Located at Seruni Clinic, Depar1ment of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine University of Indonesia The study was a one group pre-post test design, which was approved by The Ethical Clearance Research Committee of Faculty of Medicine University of Indonesia. The subjects received 2x30 g/d soy milk powder for eight weeks. Serum LDL and HDL cholesterol levels were determined at the heghming (week 0), the middle (week4), and the end of the stndy(early week 9). Dietery intakes were assessed using lx24 hours food recall. Statistical analysis was performed using dependent t tes for normal distribution and Wilcoxon for not normal distribution data. The level of significancy was 5% (p<0,05) There were 19 subjects who completed the study. After eight weeks intervention, there was 8.59±17.31% significant decreased in LDL cholesterol levels at the 4th week of the study and 7.81±1 1.32% at the s"' week of the study (p<0,05).HDL cholesterol levels decreased at the 4\h and 8" weeks, but not significant(p>0,05). The ratio ofLDL to HDL was 7,03±16,82o/o, which was significant decreased at the 4" week (p<0,05), while at the 9th week the decrement was not significant (4.04±12.25%), p> 0.05. Consuming soy milk powder 2 x 30 g/dduring eight weeks, can reduce the LDL cholesterol level and LDLIIIDL ratio significantly.

Abstrak :
Hiperkolesterolemia merupakan salah satu prediktor kuat berbagai penyait jantung yang merupakan penyebab utama kematian di dunia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah ada perbedaan berbagai faktor yang berkaitan dengan kejadian hiperkolesterolemia pada penderita diabetes melitus di Puskesmas Pasar Minggu pada tahun 2018. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode cross-sectional dengan jumlah sampel sebesar 126 responden menggunakan consecutive sampling. Variabel penelitian yang diteliti adalah kejadian hiperkolesterolemia, jenis kelamin, lama menderita diabetes melitus, riwayat DM keluarga, kebiasaan merokok, aktivitas fisik, tingkat stress, persen lemak tubuh dan asupan lemak. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa prevalensi kejadian hiperkolesterolemia pada penderita DM adalah 56,3% dengan 37,1% pada pria dan 63,7% pada wanita. Dari seluruh variabel independent yang diteliti, perbedaan yang bermakna dengan hasil uji chi square terdapat pada variabel jenis kelamin (OR = 2,947; CI = 1,326-6,672), riwayat keluarga (OR = 0,443; CI = 0,209-0,895) dan kebiasaan merokok (OR = 1,233; CI = 0,990-11,898). Sementara itu, tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna kejadian hiperkolesterolemia berdasarkan lama menderita DM, aktivitas fisik, tingkat stress, antropometri dan asupan lemak karena p > 0,05. Untuk menyimpukan, terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan pada jenis kelamin, riwayat DM keluarga dan kebiasaan merokok dengan kejadian hiperkolesterolemia, dengan peningkatan risiko hiperkolesterolemia sejalan dengan jenis kelamin perempuan, adanya riwayat DM keluarga dan kebiasaan aktif merokok ......Hypercholesterolemia is the leading predictor of various cardiac disease (CVD) which is the leading cause of death in the world. This study aims to determine whether there are any differences the incidence of hypercholesterolemia based on factors related to it in people with diabetes mellitus at Pasar Minggu Primary Health Care in 2018. This study used a cross-sectional method with a sample size of 126 respondents using consecutive sampling. Research variables studied were incidence of hypercholesterolemia, sex, duration of diabetes mellitus, family history of diabetes mellitus, smoking habit, physical activity, stress level, body fat percentage and fat intake. The results of this study showed that the prevalence of hypercholesterolemia incidence in DM patients was 56.3% with 37.1% in men and 63.7% in women. Of all independent variables studied, significant differences with statistical analysis were in sex (OR = 2.947, p = 0.009), family history (OR = 0.443, p = 0.018) and smoking habits (OR = 1,233; p = 0.038). Meanwhile, there was no significant the incidence of hypercholesterolemia differences based on duration of diabetes mellitus, physical activity, stress level, anthropometry and fat intake due to p > 0.05. To conclude, there were significant differences in sex, family history of diabetes mellitus and smoking habits with hypercholesterolaemia incidence, with an increased risk of hypercholesterolemia in line with female sex, family history of DM and active smoking habits.

Abstrak :
Latar belakang : Hiperkolesterolemia antara lain menjadi faktor risiko penyakit jantung koroner dan komplikasinya dapat menyebabkan inkapasitasi pada pilot. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi hubungan kebiasaan makan lemak dan faktor lainnya terhadap risiko hiperkolesterolemia pada pilot sipil di Indonesia. Metode : Penelitian menggunakan metode potong lintang dengan sampel purposif pada pilot sipil di Balai Kesehatan Penerbangan Jakarta tanggal 18-29 Mei 2015. Karakteristik demografi, pekerjaan, kebiasaan diperoleh melalui wawancara. Data kolesterol total diperoleh dari laboratorium yang telah dikalibrasi. Kategori kolesterol total dibagi dua yaitu hiperkolesterolemia ( ≥ 240 mg/dl) dan normal (< 200 mg/dl). Analisis menggunakan risiko relatif yaitu regresi Cox dengan waktu konstan. Hasil : Di antara 690 pilot yang melakukan pemeriksaan medis, 428 subjek bersedia mengikuti penelitian. Subjek yang diikutsertakan dalam analisis sebanyak 327 pilot, 12,3% memiliki hiperkolesterolemia dan 87,7% memiliki kadar kolesterol normal. Subjek dengan kebiasaan makan lemak hampir setiap hari dibandingkan hampir tidak pernah berisiko 3,8 kali lipat lebih besar hiperkolesterolemia [risiko relatif suaian (RRa)=3,78; p=0,223]. Subjek dengan usia 50-65 tahun dibandingkan dengan 19-34 tahun berisiko 1,8 kali lipat lebih besar hiperkolesterolemia (RRa=1,82; p=0,103). Selanjutnya subjek dengan riwayat hiperkolesterolemia dibandingkan tanpa riwayat hiperkolesterolemia berisiko 2,1 kali lipat lebih besar hiperkolesterolemia (RRa=2,13; p=0,118). Simpulan : Kebiasaan makan lemak hampir tiap hari, usia 50 tahun atau lebih, riwayat keluarga hiperkolesterolemia dalam keluarga meninggikan risiko hiperkolesterolemia di antara pilot sipil di Indonesia. ...... Background : Hypercholesterolemia becoming one of a risk factor for coronary heart disease and complications may cause the pilots incapacitation. The purpose of this study was to identify eating fatty food habits and other factors and the risk of hypercholesterolemia in civilian pilots in Indonesia. Methods : A cross sectional study with purposive sampling was conducted in civilian pilots at Indonesian Aviation Medical Center in Jakarta from 18-29 May, 2015. Demogrhapic characteristics, employment, habits was obtained through interviews. Total cholesterol data obtained from laboratory test had been calibrated. Category of cholesterol total was divided into hypercholesterolemia (≥ 240 mg/dl) and normal (<200 mg/dl). Analysis using risk relative by Cox regression with a constant time. Result : Among the 690 pilots who conducted medical examination, 428 subjects agree to join the study. This analysis included 327 pilots, 12.3% had hypercholesterolemia, and 87.7% normal cholesterol levels. The subjects who had eating fatty food habits almost every day compared to almost never, had 3.8 fold higher risk to be hypercholesterolemia [adjusted relative risk (RRa)=3.78; p=0.223]. The subject aged of 50-65 years compared to 19-34 years, had 1.8 fold higher risk to be hypercholesterolemia (RRa=1.82; p=0.103). Furthermore, subjects with a family history of hypercholesterolemia compared with no family history, had 2.1 fold higher risk to be hypercholesterolemia (RRa=2.13; p=0.118). Conclusions : Having eating fatty food habits almost every day, age 50 and over, history of hypercholesterolemia elevate the risk of hypercholesterolemia.

Abstrak :
Tujuan penelitian adalah diketahuinya kolerasi antara IMT dan kadar kolesterol LDL serum pada subyek dengan hiperkolesterolemia Penelitian ini menggunakan disain pre post test, pada penderita hiperkolesterolemia yang mernenuhi kriteria penerimaan dan tidak memenuhi kriteria penolakan, Serta telah mengikuti penelitian yang telah diselenggarakan di Departernen Ilmu Gizi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia satu tahun lalu yang beijudul ?Pengaruh Pemberian Fitosterol dan Serat terhadap Profil Lipid dan [3 Karoten pada usia 20 tahun atau lebih?. Data yang diambil meliputi, karaktcristik demografi, asupan makanan., aktivitas fisik, IMT, dan kadar kolesterol LDL serum. Jumlah subyek adalah 38 orang berusia rata-rata 43,26 ;l: 8,08 tahun dan 68,42% subyek adalah perempuan dan 44,'74% berpendidikan tinggi. Rerata pola asupan: pola asupan kalori 1388,ll i- 274,08 kkal; pola asupan 1-carbohidrat 166,13 =I= 41,39 g, pola asupan lcmak 61,76 i 17,76 g; pola asupan kolestcrol 169,31 i 71,83 mg dan pola asupan serat 7,5 i 2,22 g; Rerata asupan: asupan kalori l4l3,07 i 482,71 kkal atau 77,30 i 28,00% KKT; asupan karbohidrat 182,01 J; 67,87 g atau 34,93 4: l0,34% KKT; asupan lernak 51,58 i 26,36 g atau 17,15 3; 8,64% KKT; asupan kolesterol 145,86 i 120,44 mg dan asupan serat 16,82 t 11,38 g. Rerata Indeks aktivitas fisik 8,05 i 1,12 dan 100% subyek penelitian memiliki aktivitas tergolong scdang dan tinggi. Rerata IMT 26,84 i 4,84 kg/m2 dengan 89,5% tergolong obes sekarang. Rerata kadar kolesterol LDL 160,24 4; 27,06 mg/dL dengan 4'/,37% memiliki kadar kolesterol LDL tinggi dan sangat tinggi sekarang. Tidak terdapat korelasi antara IMT dan kadar kolesterol LDL serum.

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To determine the correlation of BMI and LDL Cholesterol Serum in hypercholesterolemia subject Research with pre post rest design in hypercholesterolernia subject that fulfill the inclusion criteria and not in exclusion criteria, and has joined last year research executed by Department of Nutrition of Medical Faculty, University of Indonesia with title ? The Effect of Phytosterol and Fibre toward Lipid Profile and [3 Karoten at the age of 20 years old or upper ?. Data taken include demographic characteristic, nutrition intake, physical activity, BMI, and LDL cholesterol scrum level. Number of subject is 38 people within average of 43,26 i 8,08 years old, 68,42% are women and 44,74% are graduated. The average intake pattern : calory intake l388,ll i 274,08 kkal; carbohydrate intake 166,13 i 41,39 g, fat intake 61,76 i 17,76 g; cholesterol intake 169,31 i 71,83 mg and fibre intake 7,5 1 2,22 g. Intake average 1 calory intake 1413,ov e 422,71 mal or 77,30 1 28,00% KKT; carbohydrate intake 182,01 :te 67,87 g or 34,93 :iz l0,34% KKT; fat intake 51,58 i 26,36 g or 17,15 :t 8,64% KKT; cholesterol intake l45,86 i 120,44 mg and fibre intake 16,82 i 11,38 g. Average of the physical activity index 8,05 i 1,12 and l00%. Research subject have middle and high activities. Average BMI 26,84 i 4,84 kg/m2 with 89,5% in obese. The average of LDL cholesterol serum 160,24 i 27,06 mg/dL with 47,37% have high and highest LDL cholesterol level. There is no correlation between BMI and LDL cholesterol serum.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK Hipertensi dan hiperkolesterol merupakan penyebab terjadinya penyakit jantung koroner (PJK) sehingga adanya hiperkolesterolemia pada penderita hipertensi akan meningkatkan risiko terjadinya PJK. Obesitas sentral menggambarkan penumpukan lemak di perut yang dapat mengakibatkan adanya keabnormalan jumlah lipid dalam darah, ketika terjadi pada penderita hipertensi dapat menimbulkan progresifitas terjadinya kolesterol darah tinggi dan berisiko menyebabkan aterosklerosis dan penyakit jantung. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan lingkar pinggang dan faktor lainnya dengan kejadian hiperkolesterolemia pada penderita hipertensi. Penelitian ini adalah studi kuantitaf melalui data sekunder dengan desain Cross Sectional. Menurut hasil uji multivariat dengan regresi logistik ganda menunjukan terdapat hubungan antara lingkar pinggang, jenis kelamin dan umur setelah dikontrol oleh variabel aktifitas fisik. Jenis kelamin sebagai faktor risiko yang paling berhubungan dengan kejadian hiperkolesterolemia dengan risiko 8,5 kali lebih tinggi pada perempuan dibandingkan laki-laki. Uji stratifikasi lingkar pinggang menurut jenis kelamin pada penderita hipertensi dengan kasus obesitas sentral didapatkan hubungan yang signifikan bahwa penderita obesitas sentral perempuan memiliki risiko mengalami hiperkolesterolemia sebanyak 5,5 kali dibandingkan obesitas sentral pada laki-laki dengan nilai p <0,05. Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara lingkar pinggang dengan kejadian hiperkolesterolemia, pada perempuan yang obesitas sentral lebih berisiko mengalami hiperkolesterolemia dibandingkan laki-laki yang obesitas sentral.

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ABSTRACT Hypertension and hypercholesterolemia are the causes of coronary heart disease (CHD) so that the presence of hypercholesterolemia in patients with hypertension will increase the risk of CHD. Central obesity describes the accumulation of fat in the stomach which can lead to abnormalities in the amount of lipids in the blood, when it occurs in patients with hypertension can lead to progression of the occurrence of high blood cholesterol and the risk of causing atherosclerosis and heart disease. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of waist circumference and other factors with the incidence of hypercholesterolemia in patients with hypertension. This research is a quantitative study through secondary data with Cross Sectional design. According to the results of multivariate tests with multiple logistic regression, there was a relationship between waist circumference, gender and age after being controlled by physical activity variables. Gender as a risk factor most associated with the incidence of hypercholesterolemia with a risk 8.5 times higher in women than men, then carried out waist circumference stratification test by sex in hypertensive patients with cases of central obesity found a significant relationship that central obesity patients women have a risk of experiencing hypercholesterolemia as much as 5.5 times more than central obesity in men with a value of p <0.05. There is a significant relationship between waist circumference and the incidence of hypercholesterolemia in women who are obese obese at greater risk of hypercholesterolemia than men who are obese central.

Abstrak :
[ABSTRAK
Penggunaan obat golongan statin (penghambat hidroksimetil glutaril-CoA reduktase) sebagai terapi lini pertama pada hiperkolesterolemia dapat menyebabkan terjadinya beberapa reaksi obat yang tidak dikehendaki (ROTD). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menilai risiko penggunaan obat golongan statin terhadap kejadian ROTD pada pasien hiperkolesterolemia di Instalasi Rawat Jalan RSUD Pasar Rebo, Jakarta. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode kohort prospektif pada pasien yang menggunakan atorvastatin dan simvastatin. Data primer diperoleh melalui wawancara dengan menggunakan kuesioner, data sekunder diperoleh melalui rekam medis dan resep yang diterima oleh pasien. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan chi-square dan regresi logistik. Dari penelitian diketahui bahwa ROTD terjadi pada 38.20% pasien yang menggunakan obat golongan statin, kejadian ROTD terbesar adalah gangguan sistem pencernaan (35.45%) dan gangguan sistem saraf (23.64%). Sedangkan ROTD pada otot dan hati masing-masing sebesar 2.73%. Pasien yang menggunakan simvastatin memiliki risiko relatif mengalami ROTD lebih besar jika dibandingkan dengan pasien yang menggunakan atorvastatin (RR: 6.439; CI: 2.963-13.992). Variabel perancu yang secara signifikan mempengaruhi kejadian ROTD adalah aktivitas fisik. Pasien yang mengalami ROTD memiliki risiko relatif lebih besar mengalami putus obat daripada pasien yang tidak mengalami ROTD (RR: 2.554; CI: 1.724- 3.754).

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ABSTRACT
The use derivate of statin (hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitors) for management of hypercholesterolemia can cause advers drug reactions (ADR). The purpose of this study was to assess the risk of the use of statins on the incidence of ADR in hypercholesterolemic patients in the Outpatient Installation in RSUD Pasar Rebo, Jakarta. This study was conducted using a prospective cohort to the patients using atorvastatin and simvastatin, the data obtained by interview with questionnaires, medical records, and patient prescriptions. The data collected analyzed using chi-square and logistic regression. ADR occurred in 38.20% patients who treated with statins, the most often ADR experienced by patient are gastrointestinal disorder (35.45%) and nerve system disorder (23.64%). Muscle and liver disorder experienced by 2.73% patients respectively. The patients using simvastatin have a greater risk of experiencing ADR compared to atorvastatin (RR: 6.439; CI: 2.963-13.992). Physical activity is the confounding variable significantly influence the incidence of ADR. Patients who experience ADR had a greater risk for experiencing drug withdrawal than patients who did not experience ADR (RR: 2.554; CI: 1.724- 3.754).;The use derivate of statin (hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitors) for management of hypercholesterolemia can cause advers drug reactions (ADR). The purpose of this study was to assess the risk of the use of statins on the incidence of ADR in hypercholesterolemic patients in the Outpatient Installation in RSUD Pasar Rebo, Jakarta. This study was conducted using a prospective cohort to the patients using atorvastatin and simvastatin, the data obtained by interview with questionnaires, medical records, and patient prescriptions. The data collected analyzed using chi-square and logistic regression. ADR occurred in 38.20% patients who treated with statins, the most often ADR experienced by patient are gastrointestinal disorder (35.45%) and nerve system disorder (23.64%). Muscle and liver disorder experienced by 2.73% patients respectively. The patients using simvastatin have a greater risk of experiencing ADR compared to atorvastatin (RR: 6.439; CI: 2.963-13.992). Physical activity is the confounding variable significantly influence the incidence of ADR. Patients who experience ADR had a greater risk for experiencing drug withdrawal than patients who did not experience ADR (RR: 2.554; CI: 1.724- 3.754)., The use derivate of statin (hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitors) for management of hypercholesterolemia can cause advers drug reactions (ADR). The purpose of this study was to assess the risk of the use of statins on the incidence of ADR in hypercholesterolemic patients in the Outpatient Installation in RSUD Pasar Rebo, Jakarta. This study was conducted using a prospective cohort to the patients using atorvastatin and simvastatin, the data obtained by interview with questionnaires, medical records, and patient prescriptions. The data collected analyzed using chi-square and logistic regression. ADR occurred in 38.20% patients who treated with statins, the most often ADR experienced by patient are gastrointestinal disorder (35.45%) and nerve system disorder (23.64%). Muscle and liver disorder experienced by 2.73% patients respectively. The patients using simvastatin have a greater risk of experiencing ADR compared to atorvastatin (RR: 6.439; CI: 2.963-13.992). Physical activity is the confounding variable significantly influence the incidence of ADR. Patients who experience ADR had a greater risk for experiencing drug withdrawal than patients who did not experience ADR (RR: 2.554; CI: 1.724- 3.754).]

Abstrak :
[ABSTRAK
Latar belakang. Individu dewasa di masyarakat menunjukkan perubahan pola makan dan kurang aktivitas sehingga berisiko untuk menderita hiperkolesterolemia dan obesitas. Hiperkolesterolemia dapat diatasi dengan terapi nutrisi. Minyak bekatul mengandung zat aktif yang bekerja secara sinergis dan telah terbukti dari penelitian sebelumnya berperan dalam pengendalian lipid yaitu gamma-oryzanol, fitosterol, dan derivat vitamin E (tokotrienol dan tokoferol). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai perbaikan profil lipid pada pemberian minyak bekatul dengan jumlah yang berbeda tanpa merubah pola makan subyek. Metode. Uji klinis, desain paralel, alokasi acak selama 4 minggu pada laki-laki usia 19-55 tahun, kolesterol total 200-300 mg/dl, dan IMT 20-30 kg/m2. Subyek diambil secara konsekutif dan dibagi menjadi kelompok 45 ml/hari dan kelompok 15 ml/hari minyak bekatul. Sebelum perlakuan dilakukan wawancara data demografi, aktifitas fisik dan pemeriksaan antropometri. Asupan makan dinilai sebelum dan setelah perlakuan. Pemeriksaan laboratorium profil lipid dilakukan sebelum dan setelah perlakuan 4 minggu. Hasil. Dari total 20 subyek (10 subyek kelompok 45 ml/hari dan 10 subyek kelompok 15 ml/hari) didapatkan karakteristik yang setara antara kedua kelompok menurut usia, tingkat pendidikan, status gizi, aktivitas fisik, kebiasaan merokok, riwayat hiperkolesterolemia keluarga, antropometri dan profil lipid. Asupan makanan meliputi asupan energi, karbohidrat, protein, lemak dan serat sebelum perlakuan tidak berbeda bermakna antara kelompok. Asupan lemak setelah perlakuan berbeda bermakna antara kedua kelompok dikarenakan perbedaan pemberian jumlah minyak. Setelah perlakuan selama 4 minggu, didapatkan penurunan kolesterol total secara statistik berbeda bermakna antara kedua kelompok (p=0,049). Pada kelompok 45 ml/hari kadar kolesterol total turun sebanyak 14% dan pada kelompok 15 ml/hari terjadi penurunan kadar kolesterol total 7,8%. Penurunan LDL dan trigliserida serta peningkatan HDL secara statistik tidak berbeda bermakna antara dua kelompok (p >0,05). Pada penelitian ini tidak terjadi perubahan berat badan yang bermakna pada kedua kelompok. Kesimpulan. Konsumsi minyak bekatul 45 ml/hari menyebabkan perbaikan profil lipid yang lebih baik dibandingkan konsumsi minyak bekatul 15 ml.hari.

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ABSTRACT
Background. Adult individuals in Indonesian society showed changes in diet pattern and lack of physical activity that increasing risk for hypercholesterolemia and obesity. Hypercholesterolemia would be treated with nutritional therapy. Rice bran oil contains active substances (gamma-oryzanol, phytosterols, and derivatives of vitamin E (tocotrienols and tocopherols) that work in synergy and have been proven on previous research controlling lipid profil. This study aimed to assess the lipid profile improvement in intake of rice bran oil with different amounts without changing the eating patterns of the subjects. Methods. It was parallel and randomized clinical trial for 4 weeks in male with 19-55 years of age, total cholesterol level 200-300 mg/dl, and BMI of 20−30 kg/m2. All subjects were recruited consecutively and classified into two groups that received 45 ml/day or 15 ml/day rice bran oil for 4 weeks. The demographic data interviews, physical activity and anthropometric examination were taken before intervention. Food intake were assessed before and after intervention. Laboratory test of lipid profile performed before and after 4 weeks of treatment. Results. A total of 20 subjects consisting of 10 subjects with 45 ml/day rice bran oil and 10 subjects with 15 ml/day had obtained similar characteristics in age, education level, nutritional status, physical activity, smoking, family history of hypercholesterolemia, BMI and lipid profiles. Food intake includes intake of energy, carbohydrate, protein, fat and fiber before treatment did not significantly difference between two groups. Fat intake after treatment was significantly different between the two groups due to differences in the amount of oil. After 4 weeks treatment, there was a decrease in total cholesterol significantly different between the two groups (p = 0,049). In the group that received 45 ml/ day of rice bran oil total cholesterol level decreased 14% and in the group of 15 ml/day total cholesterol level decreased 7,8%. The reduction of LDL and triglycerides and the increasing of HDL was not significantly different between the two groups (p >0,05). In this study, no changes in body weight were significant in both groups. Conclusion. Rice bran oil consumption 45 ml/day led to improvements in lipid profiles better than consumption 15 ml/day;Background. Adult individuals in Indonesian society showed changes in diet pattern and lack of physical activity that increasing risk for hypercholesterolemia and obesity. Hypercholesterolemia would be treated with nutritional therapy. Rice bran oil contains active substances (gamma-oryzanol, phytosterols, and derivatives of vitamin E (tocotrienols and tocopherols) that work in synergy and have been proven on previous research controlling lipid profil. This study aimed to assess the lipid profile improvement in intake of rice bran oil with different amounts without changing the eating patterns of the subjects. Methods. It was parallel and randomized clinical trial for 4 weeks in male with 19-55 years of age, total cholesterol level 200-300 mg/dl, and BMI of 20−30 kg/m2. All subjects were recruited consecutively and classified into two groups that received 45 ml/day or 15 ml/day rice bran oil for 4 weeks. The demographic data interviews, physical activity and anthropometric examination were taken before intervention. Food intake were assessed before and after intervention. Laboratory test of lipid profile performed before and after 4 weeks of treatment. Results. A total of 20 subjects consisting of 10 subjects with 45 ml/day rice bran oil and 10 subjects with 15 ml/day had obtained similar characteristics in age, education level, nutritional status, physical activity, smoking, family history of hypercholesterolemia, BMI and lipid profiles. Food intake includes intake of energy, carbohydrate, protein, fat and fiber before treatment did not significantly difference between two groups. Fat intake after treatment was significantly different between the two groups due to differences in the amount of oil. After 4 weeks treatment, there was a decrease in total cholesterol significantly different between the two groups (p = 0,049). In the group that received 45 ml/ day of rice bran oil total cholesterol level decreased 14% and in the group of 15 ml/day total cholesterol level decreased 7,8%. The reduction of LDL and triglycerides and the increasing of HDL was not significantly different between the two groups (p >0,05). In this study, no changes in body weight were significant in both groups. Conclusion. Rice bran oil consumption 45 ml/day led to improvements in lipid profiles better than consumption 15 ml/day, Background. Adult individuals in Indonesian society showed changes in diet pattern and lack of physical activity that increasing risk for hypercholesterolemia and obesity. Hypercholesterolemia would be treated with nutritional therapy. Rice bran oil contains active substances (gamma-oryzanol, phytosterols, and derivatives of vitamin E (tocotrienols and tocopherols) that work in synergy and have been proven on previous research controlling lipid profil. This study aimed to assess the lipid profile improvement in intake of rice bran oil with different amounts without changing the eating patterns of the subjects. Methods. It was parallel and randomized clinical trial for 4 weeks in male with 19-55 years of age, total cholesterol level 200-300 mg/dl, and BMI of 20−30 kg/m2. All subjects were recruited consecutively and classified into two groups that received 45 ml/day or 15 ml/day rice bran oil for 4 weeks. The demographic data interviews, physical activity and anthropometric examination were taken before intervention. Food intake were assessed before and after intervention. Laboratory test of lipid profile performed before and after 4 weeks of treatment. Results. A total of 20 subjects consisting of 10 subjects with 45 ml/day rice bran oil and 10 subjects with 15 ml/day had obtained similar characteristics in age, education level, nutritional status, physical activity, smoking, family history of hypercholesterolemia, BMI and lipid profiles. Food intake includes intake of energy, carbohydrate, protein, fat and fiber before treatment did not significantly difference between two groups. Fat intake after treatment was significantly different between the two groups due to differences in the amount of oil. After 4 weeks treatment, there was a decrease in total cholesterol significantly different between the two groups (p = 0,049). In the group that received 45 ml/ day of rice bran oil total cholesterol level decreased 14% and in the group of 15 ml/day total cholesterol level decreased 7,8%. The reduction of LDL and triglycerides and the increasing of HDL was not significantly different between the two groups (p >0,05). In this study, no changes in body weight were significant in both groups. Conclusion. Rice bran oil consumption 45 ml/day led to improvements in lipid profiles better than consumption 15 ml/day]

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK Hiperkolesterolemia adalah salah satu faktor risiko mayor yang dapat memicu berkembangnya penyakit kardiovaskular, khususnya penyakit jantung koroner. Salah satu obat tradisional yang digunakan untuk hiperkolesterolemia adalah kombinasi herba seledri (Apium graveolens) dan bawang putih (Allium sativum). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran efek ekstrak terhadap profil lipid pada subjek hiperkolesterolemia. Subjek terdiri atas pasien klinik pengobatan tradisional di Jakarta. Masing-masing subjek mendapatkan tablet terapi yang berisi ektrak dan tabel placebo sesuai kelompok. Pada subjek diperiksa profil lipid, yaitu kadar kolesterol total darah, HDL, LDL, dan trigliserida. Dilakukan paired t-test dua ekor untuk menguji perbedaan antara profil lipid dari kelompok terapi dan kelompok placebo. Subjek sejumlah 44 orang. Perubahan profil lipid pada antara kelompok terapi dan kelompok placebo untuk kadar kolesterol total, HDL, LDL, dan trigliserida adalah 14,82±6,946, 1,45±2,945, 6,98±8,105, 2,48±6,504 mg/dL. Campuran ektrak berefek menurunkan kolesterol darah dan kadar LDL secara bermakna (P<0,05).

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ABSTRACT Hypercholesterolemia is one of the major risk factors that can trigger the development of cardiovascular disease, especially coronary heart disease. One of the traditional drugs used for hypercholesterolemia is a combination of herbs celery (Apium graveolens) and garlic (Allium sativum). This study aims to describe the effects of the extract on lipid profile in hypercholesterolemic subjects. Subjects consisted of patients with traditional medicine clinic in Jakarta. Each subject received treatment tablets containing extract and placebo table corresponding groups. On the subject examined lipid profile, ie blood levels of total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, and triglycerides. Do paired two-tailed t-test to test the difference between lipid profile of the therapy group and the placebo group. The subject of a number of 44 people. Changes in the lipid profile between the treatment groups and the placebo group for total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, and triglycerides was 14,82 ± 6,946;1.45 ± 2,945;6,98 ± 8,105;2,48 ± 6,504 mg/dL. A mixture of extracts affect blood cholesterol and LDL levels were significantly (P <0.05).

Abstrak :
Peningkatan kadar kolesterol dan lemak dalam darah yang menyebabkan penyempitan atau pengapuran pada pembuluh darah arteri merupakan penyebab utama dari penyakit kardiovaskular. Tingkat persaingan hidup yang tinggi kemungkinan berdampak pada munculnya aneka pergeseran gaya hidup, mulai dari perilaku makan, aktivitas fisik, stres, kebiasaan merokok dan konsumsi alkohol. Gaya hidup yang tidak sehat merupakan pencentus hiperkolesterolemia di usia produktif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh gaya hidup terhadap hiperkolesterolemia di Provinsi DKI Jakarta tahun 2015-2016. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah cross sectional dengan sampel penelitian 1090 orang peserta Posbindu Penyakit Tidak Menular di DKI Jakarta tahun 2015-2016. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada pengaruh antara kebiasaan merokok dan aktivitas fisik terhadap hiperkolesterolemia, namun tidak untukkonsumsi sayur dan buah. Responden dengan aktivitas fisik kurang memiliki risiko 5,9 kali lebih tinggi (95% CI 4,0-8,4), sedangkan yang memiliki kebiasaan merokok memiliki risiko 1,4 kali lebih tinggi (95% CI 1,3-1,6) menderita hiperkolesterolemia setelah dikontrol oleh tekanan darah dan status gizi. Promosi kesehatan sangat diperlukan untuk menyampaikan informasi tentang hiperkolesterolemia dan msyarakat secara pro aktif melakukan pemeriksaan kesehatan secara rutin sehingga memperkecil risiko terkena penyakit tidak menular. ......Increased levels of cholesterol and fat in the blood that cause narrowing or calcification of the arteries are the main cause of cardiovascular disease. High levels of life competition may have an impact on the emergence of various lifestyle, ranging from eating behavior, physical activity, stress, smoking and alcohol consumption. Unhealthy lifestyle is a trigger Hypercholesterolemia in the productive age. The purpose of this study is to know the relationship between smoking habits and physical activity with hypercholesterolaemia in DKI Jakarta Province 2015-2016. The methods of this this study is cross-sectional with 1090 samples of participants of Non-Communicable Disease Posbindu in DKI Jakarta 2015-2016. The results showed there was an influence between smoking and physical activity on hypercholesterolemia, but not for consumption of vegetables and fruits. Individuals with less physical activity 5.9 times higher (95% CI 4.0-8.8), whereas those with smoking habits 1.4 times higher (95% CI 1.3-1 , 6) suffers from hypercholesterolemia after being controlled by blood pressure and nutritional status. Health promotion is needed to convey information about hypercholesterolemia and the community pro-actively carry out routine health checks thereby minimizing the risk of non-communicable diseases.