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"Penelitian ini menganalisis pengaruh kredit terhadap kesejahteraan rumah tangga yang dikepalai perempuan di Indonesia. Tesis ini menggunakan data Survei Sosial Ekonomi Nasional (SUSENAS) yang dilakukan pada tahun 2018, yang berisi sekitar 45.000 observasi terhadap kepala rumah tangga perempuan di Indonesia. Kesejahteraan di sini diukur dengan pengeluaran per kapita per bulan rumah tangga. Penelitian ini menggunakan Propensity Score Matching untuk menganalisis pengaruh rata-rata kredit terhadap pengeluaran dan mengendalikan faktor perancu seperti usia, pendidikan, lokasi, status perumahan, status perkawinan, status ibu rumah tangga, status pekerjaan, dan ukuran rumah tangga. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa pemberian kredit berpengaruh signifikan terhadap pengeluaran rumah tangga yang dikepalai perempuan.......This study analyses credit's effect on female-headed household welfare in Indonesia. This thesis employed a dataset from the National Socio-economic Survey (SUSENAS) conducted in 2018, which contains approximately 45,000 observations of female-headed households in Indonesia. Welfare here is measured by expenditure per capita per month of the households. This study employed Propensity Score Matching to analyse the average effect of credit to expenditure while controlling confounding factors such as age, education, location, housing status, marriage status, housewife status, employment status, and household size. The result shows that the credit extension significantly affects the expenditure of female-headed households."

"ABSTRACTThis paper investigates the enviromental and economic impacts of introducing CO2 taxation on carbon-based fuels using a detailed disaggregation of energy-economy-enviromental CGE model for Indonesia. The carbon tax has yet to beimplemented in Indonesia. However, this instrument has been considered in the ministry of finance report as one of the goverment's fiscal strategic framework to finance the country's action plan in commitments to reduce the GHG emissions. Suppose that the goverment levies the tax of Rp.100,000/ton CO2e under two possible revenue-recycling scenarios: the carbon tax revenue is recycled troght a reduction of labour income tax rate or an incrase of goverment spending on commodities. For comparison purpose, we also implement the non-compensated scenario of which the additional revenue from carbon tax is kept as goverment savings to run budget surplus. Overall, the results suggested that the carbon tax reduces the national emissions but adding more cost to the economy, resulting a fall in GDP. in term of income distribution, the carbon tax tends to be progressive in bth scenarios of revenue-recycling. However, when there is no compensating mechanism, the carbon tax tends to be reggresive - the poorer houshols carry a higher share of the carbon tax burden."