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Abstrak :
Bifidobacterium merupakan salah satu mikrobiota yang memberikan manfaat bagi kesehatan manusia termasuk pada kehamilan, dan penting pada proses kolonisasi mikrobiota usus bayi baru lahir. Jumlah Bifidobacterium usus pada dewasa relatif stabil, namun belum diketahui jumlahnya pada ibu hamil trimester ketiga, terutama di Indonesia. Asupan makanan termasuk serat dapat mempengaruhi pertumbuhan Bifidobacterium, termasuk serat. Stimulasi serat terhadap pertumbuhan Bifidobacterium dapat berupa stimulasi langsung sebagai prebiotik, atau secara tidak langsung sebagai substrat yang dapat difermentasi dan menurunkan pH kolon dan meningkatkan enzim intestinal alkaline phospatase (IAP). Dua mekanisme terakhir secara tidak langsung menurunkan jumlah bakteri patogen sehingga jumlah Bifidobacterium meningkat. Penelitian potong lintang di seluruh Puskesmas Kecamatan di Jakarta Timur pada bulan Maret-Juni 2015 dilakukan untuk menilai korelasi asupan serat dengan jumlah Bifidobacterium usus ibu hamil trimester ketiga. Lima puluh dua subjek menyelesaikan prosedur penelitian. Asupan serat dinilai dengan Food Frequency Questionnaire semikuantitatif, dan kuantifikasi Bifidobacterium dengan real time PCR. Nilai asupan serat adalah 18,9 (5,6?43,0) g/hari, dan 92,3% subjek tidak memenuhi AKG. Jumlah Bifidobacterium usus adalah 7,7 (5,12?9,50) log sel/g feses. Tidak terdapat korelasi bermakna (p >0,05) antara asupan serat total, serat larut dan tidak larut, dengan jumlah Bifidobacterium usus (r = 0,223; r = 0,245; r = 0,2).

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Bifidobacterium is one of the beneficial microbiota in human health, including in pregnancy and important for first intestinal microbiota colonization in newborn. The number of intestinal Bifidobacterium in adults is relatively stable, but still unknown in the third trimester of pregnancy, especially in Indonesia. Dietary intake is one of the factors influencing the growth of Bifidobacterium, including dietary fiber. Dietary fiber stimulation act directly as a prebiotic, or indirectly as a fermentation substrate that promote the decreasing of colonic pH, and increasing intestinal alkaline phospatase (IAP) enzyme, resulting a decrease of the amount of pathogenic microbiota. A cross-sectional study in all district public health care in the East Jakarta, March until June 2015 was performed to assess the correlation between dietary fiber intake and the amount of intestinal Bifidobacterium in third trimester of pregnancy women. Fifty-two subjects completed the study procedures. Dietary fiber intake was assessed using semiquantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire, and instestinal Bifidobacterium was quantified using real time Polymerase Chain Reaction (rPCR). Dietary fiber intake in this study was 18.9 (5.6?43.0) g/day and 92.3% subjects did not meet the Dietary Reference Intake. The intestinal Bifidobacterium count is 7.7 (5.12?9.50) log cell/g faeces. The results show that there is no significant correlation (p > 0.05) between dietary fiber, dietary soluble fiber, and dietary insoluble fiber intake with the amount of intestinal Bifidobacterium in third trimester of pregnancy (r = 0.223; r = 0.245; r = 0.2).

Abstrak :
[ABSTRAK
Pada kehamilan dibutuhkan asupan zat gizi yang adekuat untuk menunjang pembelahan sel dan pertumbuhan yang cepat. Seng merupakan kofaktor dari hampir sekitar 200 enzim yang berperan penting dalam embryogenesis. Defisiensi seng berhubungan dengan komplikasi pada ibu selama kehamilan dan persalinan serta gangguan pertumbuhan dan kelainan kongenital pada janin. Konsentrasi seng serum menurun sejak kehamilan trimester pertama hingga ketiga. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian dengan desain potong lintang yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui korelasi antara konsentrasi seng serum maternal dengan tali pusat pada kehamilan trimester ketiga. Penelitian dilakukan di 10 puskesmas di Jakarta Timur pada bulan Maret 2015 sampai bulan April 2015. Pengambilan subyek dilakukan dengan cara konsekutif dan didapatkan 63 orang subyek yang memenuhi kriteria penelitian. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara meliputi data usia, usia kehamilan, paritas, pajanan rokok, pendapatan rumah tangga, pendidikan maternal, serta asupan protein, besi, tembaga dan seng dengan metode Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) semikuantitatif. Pengukuran antropometri untuk menilai status gizi dan pemeriksaan laboratorium yang meliputi konsentrasi seng serum dan tali pusat. Didapatkan rerata usia 27,63 ± 4,96 tahun dan sebagian besar subjek berada dalam kategori pendidikan tinggi dan pendapatan tinggi. Asupan seng menunjukkan 98,4% subjek memiliki asupan seng kurang dari Angka Kecukupan Gizi (AKG) Indonesia. Nilai median konsentrasi seng serum maternal 53,70 (28.18 -67,61) μg/dL dan 82,5% subyek tergolong dalam kategori adekuat. Nilai median konsentrasi seng serum tali pusat adalah sebesar 85,11 (57.54 - 154,88) μg/dL, sedangkan 65,1% subjek tergolong dalam kategori tidak adekuat. Didapatkan rasio di antaranya 0,63 dengan korelasi tidak bermakna antara konsentrasi seng serum maternal dengan tali pusat (r=0,04, p=0,78).

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ABSTRACT
Pregnancy is a period of rapid growth and cell differentiation, when both of the mother and the fetus are very susceptible to alterations in dietary supply, especially of nutrients which are marginal under normal circumstances. Zinc is required for cellular division and differentiation, and is an essential nutrient for normal embryogenesis. Zinc deficiency has been associated with complications of pregnancy and delivery, as well as growth retardation and congenital abnormalities in the fetus. It has been found that zinc levels keep decreasing during pregnancy from first trimester to third trimester. The aim of this cross sectional study was to find the correlation between serum maternal and cordblood zinc level during third trimester. Data collection was conducted during March 2015 to April 2015 on 10 selected primary health service in East Jakarta. Subjects were obtained using consecutive sampling method. A total of 63 pregnant subjects had met the study criteria. Data were collected through interviews including age, gestation age, parity, tobacco exposure, household income, maternal education, zinc intake, protein intake, iron intake, and copper intake. Anthropometry measurements to assess the nutritional status and laboratory examination i.e blood levels of maternal and cordblood zinc. Mean age was 27.63 ± 4.96 years and majority of the subjects were high-educated and well-income. Intake of zinc showed 98.4% of the subjects were less than recommended dietary allowances (RDA). Median of serum maternal zinc levels was 53.95 (27.97 ? 74.93) μg/dL, while 82.5% the of subjects were categorized as adequate zinc levels. Median of serum cordblood zinc levels was 84.92 (56.95 ? 155.86) μg/dL. No significant correlation was found between serum maternal and cordblood zinc (r=0.04, p=0.78) with the ratio between serum maternal and cordblood zinc was 0.63, Pregnancy is a period of rapid growth and cell differentiation, when both of the mother and the fetus are very susceptible to alterations in dietary supply, especially of nutrients which are marginal under normal circumstances. Zinc is required for cellular division and differentiation, and is an essential nutrient for normal embryogenesis. Zinc deficiency has been associated with complications of pregnancy and delivery, as well as growth retardation and congenital abnormalities in the fetus. It has been found that zinc levels keep decreasing during pregnancy from first trimester to third trimester. The aim of this cross sectional study was to find the correlation between serum maternal and cordblood zinc level during third trimester. Data collection was conducted during March 2015 to April 2015 on 10 selected primary health service in East Jakarta. Subjects were obtained using consecutive sampling method. A total of 63 pregnant subjects had met the study criteria. Data were collected through interviews including age, gestation age, parity, tobacco exposure, household income, maternal education, zinc intake, protein intake, iron intake, and copper intake. Anthropometry measurements to assess the nutritional status and laboratory examination i.e blood levels of maternal and cordblood zinc. Mean age was 27.63 ± 4.96 years and majority of the subjects were high-educated and well-income. Intake of zinc showed 98.4% of the subjects were less than recommended dietary allowances (RDA). Median of serum maternal zinc levels was 53.95 (27.97 – 74.93) μg/dL, while 82.5% the of subjects were categorized as adequate zinc levels. Median of serum cordblood zinc levels was 84.92 (56.95 – 155.86) μg/dL. No significant correlation was found between serum maternal and cordblood zinc (r=0.04, p=0.78) with the ratio between serum maternal and cordblood zinc was 0.63]

Abstrak :
Berat badan bayi merupakan salah satu variabel epidemiologi yang berhubungan dengan mortalitas di tahun pertama kehidupan bayi. Bayi dengan berat badan lahir rendah (BBLR) maupun besar masa kehamilan (BMK) berisiko mengalami gangguan pada usia lebih lanjut. Berat badan bayi dipengaruhi oleh banyak faktor antara lain asupan gizi ibu dan status gizi ibu. Asupan zat gizi yang optimal akan bermanfaat untuk mendukung perkembangan dan pertumbuhan janin. Peningkatan berat badan ibu juga merupakan faktor ang menentukan outcome bayi. Ibu hamil dengan peningkatan berat badan yang kurang selama kehamilan akan berisiko lebih tinggi melahirkan bayi prematur. Mikrobiota adalah kumpulan mikroorganisme yang hidup berdampingan dengan inangnya. Ditenggarai adanya peran mikrobiota terhadap berat badan lahir bayi. Penelitian ini merupakan bagian dari penelitian Departemen Gizi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia yang bertujuan untuk melihat korelasi antara jumlah mikrobiota usus dan asupan zat gizi ibu hamil trimester ketiga dengan berat badan lahir bayi di Jakarta Timur. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian potong lintang yang dilakukan di 10 puskesmas kecamatan se Jakarta Timur pada bulan Februari-April 2015. Dari 315 subjek ibu hamil trimester ketiga yang sesuai kriteria inklusi dan bersedia mengikuti penelitian dengan menanda tangani informed consent, didapatkan 52 subjek yang dapat dianalisis. Subjek yang dapat dianalisis dilakukan pengukuran berat badan (BB), tinggi badan (TB), wawancara asupan makanan, pengukuran sampel feses dan pengukuran berat badan lahir bayi. Sebaran data karakteristik menunjukkan 82,7% subjek berpendidikan menengah rendah, 59,6% memiliki pendapatan dibawah UMP, 82,7% subjek tidak mendapatkan asupan energi yang cukup per harinya, dan 73,1% status gizi trimester pertama subjek tergolong berlebih hingga obese. Pada penelitian ini tidak didapatkan korelasi antara asupan zat gizi ibu hamil trimester ketiga dengan berat badan lahir, dan tidak didapatkan korelasi antara mikrobiota Bifidobacterium (r = 0,134; p>0,05), Lactobacillus (r = -0,118; p>0,05) dan Staphylococcus (r = 0,43; p>0,05) ibu hamil dengan berat badan lahir bayi. ......Baby birth weight is one epidemiological variables associated with mortality in the first year of life. Both baby with low birth weight (LBW) and large for gestational age (LGA) posses risk of having complication at later age. Birth weight is affected by many factors, such as maternal nutritional intake and nutritional status. Optimal intake of nutrients would be beneficial to support fetal growth and development. Maternal weight gain is also a factor determining the outcome of baby . Pregnant women with less weight gain during pregnancy are at greater risk of premature birth.Microbiota is a group of microorganism coexist with its host. It was suspected that there is a role of the microbiota on birth weight. This study is part of the research in department of nutrition, faculty of medicine, university of Indonesia that aims to see the correlation between the number of guy microbiota and nutritional intake in third semester pregnant women with birth weight in East Jakarta. This study was a cross-sectional study conducted in 10 distriect health centers throughout East Jakarta in February to April 2015. Of the 315 subjects enrolled, 52 subjects could be analysis. Subjects were measured for body weight (BW), height, food intake interviews, fecal sample measurement and birth weight measurement. Characteristic of the subjects showed that 82,7% has middle to lower education level and 59,6% has revenue under provincial minimal wage. More than eighty percent of subjects did not receive adequate energy intake per day, and 73,1% subjects were categorized as overweight to obese. In this study, there are no correlation between nutrition intake and birth weight. There is also no correlation between gut microbiota Bifidobacterium (r = 0,134; p>0,05), Lactobacillus (r = -0,118; p>0,05) and Staphylococcus (r = 0,43; p>0,05) and birth weight.